تحلیل لیسنینگ آیلتس آکادمیک و جنرال کمبریج 10 - تست 1: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

On behalf of LP Clubs, I’d like to welcome you all here today. My name’s Sandy Fisher and I’m one of the fitness managers here. Before we start our tour of the club I’ll just run through some basic information about the facilities we have here, including recent improvements, and explain the types of membership available.

Our greatest asset is probably our swimming pool which at 25 metres isn’t Olympic-sized, but now we’ve expanded it to eight lanes, it’s much wider (📍Q11&Q12). This means there are rarely more than a couple of people at a time in each lane. Unfortunately, there isn’t space for an outdoor pool here but the glass roof on the swimming pool is partly retractable, which means you can enjoy something of the open-air experience on warmer days.

Our recently refurbished fitness suite (📍Q11&Q12) has all the latest exercise equipment including ten new running machines, and a wide range of weight-training machines. Each member is given full training in how to operate the equipment and there is always a trainer on duty to offer help and advice. Although we do have adult-only times after 6 and at certain times at weekends, children are well catered for. Older children continue to benefit from a wide range of tuition; anything from trampolining to yoga.

One thing all our members appreciate about us is that we take very good care of them. This starts on day one with your personal assessment. You are asked to fill in a questionnaire giving details of any 📍Q13 health problems. One of our personal trainers will then go through this with you.

The trainer will then take you through the 📍Q14 safety rules for using the equipment in the fitness suite. During your next exercise session a personal trainer will work with you to make sure you understand these. It’s very important to do this because we really do want to avoid having any sports injuries. There’s a lot more to looking after yourself than simply lifting weights!

At the end of the personal assessment, the trainer will draw up a 📍Q15 plan, outlining what you should try to achieve within a six-week period. This will then be reviewed at the end of the six weeks.

Now, I’ll just quickly run through the types of membership we have available. All members must pay a 📍Q16 joining fee of £90 in addition to the rates for the monthly membership fees. Gold membership entitles you to 📍Q17 free entry at all LP Clubs. There are now LP clubs in all major cities and towns so if you travel a lot will be a great advantage. Individual gold membership costs £50 a month and joint membership for you and your partner will cost £75.

Premier membership is for professional people whose work commitments make it difficult for them to use the club during the day and so LP gives booking preferences to Premier members at 📍Q18 peak times. This means you will find it easier to book the sessions at times that suit you. Reciprocal arrangements with other LP Clubs are available to Premier members. Premier membership is for individuals only, but you will be sent passes for 📍Q19 guests every month. The monthly fee is £65.

You don’t have to have any special clothes or equipment when you visit the club. We provide robes and hairdryers in the changing rooms, but it’s very important to remember your 📍Q20 photo card because you won’t be able to get in without it.

For people who aren’t working during the day then …

📝 Question 21: Students entering the design competition have to

🔹 Correct Answer: C (develop a new use for current technology)

📍 Location in Audio Script: "JOHN: We have to adopt an innovative approach to existing technology, using it in a way that hasn’t been thought of before. (Q21)"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: **John** explains that the competition requires a "**new use for existing technology**" which matches the correct answer **C**.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The audio mentions that last year's competition "was focused on energy saving," which could be a distractor.

⭐ Key Learning Point: When answering multiple choice questions, carefully analyze all options and make sure they correctly reflect the key points of the audioscript.

📝 Question 22: John chose a dishwasher because he wanted to make dishwashers

🔹 Correct Answer: A (more appealing)

📍 Location in Audio Script: "JOHN: I think some people will be prepared to pay a little extra for something that looks different. (Q22)"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: **John** states that he believes some people will pay more for "**something that looks different**," which implies that he wants to make the dishwashers **more appealing**.

⚠️ Potential Traps: **John** says dishwashers are "boring and almost identical to each other" which might lead test takers to think that his goal is to make them more common, which is incorrect.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay attention to how a speaker implies their rationale for a project to identify the correct answer to a question.

📝 Question 23: The stone in John’s ‘Rockpool’ design is used

🔹 Correct Answer: B (to switch it on)

📍 Location in Audio Script: "JOHN: Instead of pushing a button, you turn the stone. (Q23)"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: **John** explains that the stone is used to **turn on** the dishwasher as "**instead of pushing a button**," which matches the answer that it is "**used to switch it on**."

⚠️ Potential Traps: The **professor** asks if the stone is "just for decoration", but **John** immediately negates this idea.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Listen for the explicit functions of items, and the speaker's intent, instead of their first impression.

📝 Question 24: In the holding chamber, the carbon dioxide

🔹 Correct Answer: A (changes back to a gas)

📍 Location in Audio Script: "JOHN: That’s where the liquid is depressurised and so it reverts to a gas (Q24)."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: **John** says the liquid carbon dioxide "**reverts to a gas**" in the holding chamber.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The audio mentions that "oil and grease are separated out" and sent to the waste system, but that is a different part of the cleaning process.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay attention to the specific process that the carbon dioxide is going through.

📝 Question 25: At the end of the cleaning process, the carbon dioxide

🔹 Correct Answer: C (is collected ready to be re-used)

📍 Location in Audio Script: "JOHN: The carbon dioxide is sent back to the cylinder and can be used again and again. (Q25)"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: **John** says that the carbon dioxide is "**sent back to the cylinder and can be used again**", which implies that it is "**collected ready to be re-used**."

⚠️ Potential Traps: The **professor's** statement "not wasted I hope" might mislead some test takers to think it is "released into the air" but this is incorrect.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Listen carefully for how items are re-used to get the correct answer.

📝 Question 26: John needs help preparing for his 26 .......

🔹 Correct Answer: presentation

📍 Location in Audio Script: "JOHN: I have to give a presentation, and that’s the part I was hoping you could help me with. (Q26)"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: **John** says that he needs help preparing for his "**presentation**."

⚠️ Potential Traps: None.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Listen for what **John** hopes to get help with.

📝 Question 27: The professor advises John to make a 27 ...... of his design.

🔹 Correct Answer: model

📍 Location in Audio Script: "PROFESSOR: Well, if you want to stand a good chance of winning you really need a model of the machine. (Q27)"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The **professor** tells **John** that he needs to make a "**model** of the machine."

⚠️ Potential Traps: The audio mentions "detailed drawings" and "written paper" but those are items that **John** already has, and not what the **professor** is advising him to do.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Be sure to listen for what is being advised in the audio script.

📝 Question 28: John’s main problem is getting good quality 28 .......

🔹 Correct Answer: material / materials

📍 Location in Audio Script: "JOHN: I want it to look professional but everything that’s top quality is also very expensive. (Q28)"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: **John** says that his problem is the quality of **materials** because they are expensive. Either singular or plural version is acceptable.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The **professor** "guesses" that **John's** problem is "the materials" but it is **John's** explanation that confirms this.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on the explanation to confirm the correct answers instead of guessing.

📝 Question 29: The professor suggests John apply for a 29 .......

🔹 Correct Answer: grant

📍 Location in Audio Script: "PROFESSOR: So why don’t you talk to the university about a grant? (Q29)"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The **professor** suggests that **John** apply for a "**grant**" from the university.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The **professor** also offers to "help fill out the application forms," but the **grant** itself is the answer to the question.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay attention to the specific action that is being suggested.

📝 Question 30: The professor will check the 30 ....... information in John’s written report.

🔹 Correct Answer: technical

📍 Location in Audio Script: "PROFESSOR: For a global competition such as this you need to make sure the technical details you’ve given are accurate and thorough. (Q30)"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The **professor** says he will check the "**technical** details" in **John's** written report.

⚠️ Potential Traps: There are no specific traps.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay attention to what the **professor** says he will "**check**" in the written report.

JOHN: Erm … hello **Professor**, I’m John Wishart. I’m working on my entry for the Global Design Competition. My tutor said you might be able to help me with it.

PROFESSOR: Ah, yes, I got a copy of your drawings. Come in and tell me about it. What sort of competition is it?

JOHN: Well, it’s an international design competition and we have to come up with a 📍Q21 new design for a typical domestic kitchen appliance.

PROFESSOR: I see, and are there any special conditions? Does it have to save energy for example?

JOHN: Actually that was the focus in last year’s competition. This year’s different. We have to adopt an innovative approach to existing technology, using it in a way that hasn’t been thought of before.

PROFESSOR: I see, that sounds tricky. And what kitchen appliance have you chosen?

JOHN: Well, they’re an everyday kitchen appliance in most Australian houses but they’re all pretty boring and almost identical to each other. I think some people will be prepared to pay a little extra for 📍Q22 something that looks different.

PROFESSOR: That’s a nice idea. I see you’ve called your design ‘the Rockpool’; why is that?

JOHN: Basically because it looks like the rock pools you find on a beach. The top is made of glass so that you can look down into it.

PROFESSOR: And there’s a stone at the bottom. Is that just for decoration?

JOHN: Actually it does have a function. Instead of pushing a button, you 📍Q23 turn the stone.

PROFESSOR: So it’s really just a novel way of starting the dishwasher.

JOHN: That’s right.

PROFESSOR: It’s a really nice design, but what makes it innovative?

JOHN: Well, I decided to make a dishwasher that uses carbon dioxide.

PROFESSOR: In place of water and detergent? How will you manage that?

JOHN: The idea is to pressurize the carbon dioxide so that it becomes a liquid. The fluid is then released into the dishwasher where it cleans the dishes all by itself.

PROFESSOR: Sounds like a brilliant idea! Your system will totally do away with the need for strong detergents. So what happens once the dishes are clean?

JOHN: Well, to allow them to dry, the liquid carbon dioxide and the waste materials all go to an area called the holding chamber. That’s where the liquid is depressurised and so it 📍Q24 reverts to a gas. Then the oil and grease are separated out and sent to the waste system.

PROFESSOR: It sounds like you’ve thought it all out very thoroughly. So, what happens to the carbon dioxide once the process is complete? Not wasted I hope.

JOHN: Actually, that’s where the real savings are made. The carbon dioxide is 📍Q25 sent back to the cylinder and can be used again and again.

PROFESSOR: What a terrific idea. Do you think it will ever be built?

JOHN: Probably not, but that’s OK.

PROFESSOR: Well, I’m sure a lot of positive things will come out of your design.

PROFESSOR: Now, you seem to have thought about everything so what exactly did you need me to help you with?

JOHN: Well, my design has made it to the final stage of the competition and, in a few months’ time. I have to give a 📍Q26 presentation, and that’s the part I was hoping you could help me with.

PROFESSOR: Right, well that should be easy enough. What have you managed to do so far?

JOHN: Well, I’ve got detailed drawings to show how it will work and I’ve also written a 500-word paper on it.

PROFESSOR: I see. Well, if you want to stand a good chance of winning you really need a 📍Q27 model of the machine.

JOHN: Yes, I thought I might but I’m having a few problems.

PROFESSOR: What is the main difficulty so far? Let me guess – is it the materials?

JOHN: Yes. I want it to look professional but everything that’s top quality is also very 📍Q28 expensive.

PROFESSOR: Look, projects like this are very important to us. They really help lift our profile. So why don’t you talk to the university about a 📍Q29 grant? I can help you fill out the application forms if you like.

JOHN: That would be a great.

PROFESSOR: You’d better show me this paper you’ve written as well. For a global competition such as this you need to make sure the 📍Q30 technical details you’ve given are accurate and thorough.

JOHN: That would be a great help.

PROFESSOR: Is there anything else I can do?

JOHN: Well, I’m really …

📝 Question 31: Its colour comes from an uncommon 31 .......

🔹 Correct Answer: gene

📍 Location in Audio Script: "One in ten black bears is actually born with a white coat, which is the result of a special gene that surfaces in a few (Q31)."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The speaker states that the bear's white color is a result of a special "**gene**".

⚠️ Potential Traps: There are no specific traps.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the explanation for why the spirit bear has its unique coloring.

📝 Question 32: Local people believe that it has unusual 32 .......

🔹 Correct Answer: power / powers

📍 Location in Audio Script: "And according to the legends of these communities, its snowy fur brings with it a special power (Q32)."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The speaker says that the local community believes the bear has a special "**power**".

⚠️ Potential Traps: The audio mentions "legends" and "snowy fur" but those are details rather than the answer to the question.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Listen for the beliefs that are held about the bear's special characteristic to help answer the question.

📝 Question 33: They protect the bear from 33 .......

🔹 Correct Answer: strangers

📍 Location in Audio Script: "Because of this, it has always been highly regarded by them – so much that they do not speak of seeing it to anyone else. It is their way of protecting it when strangers visit the area. (Q33)"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The speaker states that local people protect the bear "when **strangers** visit the area."

⚠️ Potential Traps: The audio also mentions that local people don't speak of seeing the bear, but this does not answer the question of who they are protecting it from.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay attention to the action of protection and from whom they are protecting the bear.

📝 Question 34: Tree roots stop 34 ....... along salmon streams.

🔹 Correct Answer: erosion

📍 Location in Audio Script: "For example, the old-growth trees have extremely long roots that help prevent erosion of the soil along the banks of the many fish streams (Q34)."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The speaker mentions that tree roots "help prevent **erosion**" along salmon streams.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The audio mentions "fish streams" and "salmon" which could be distractors.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Listen for the specific activity that tree roots are performing.

📝 Question 35: It is currently found on a small number of 35 .......

🔹 Correct Answer: islands

📍 Location in Audio Script: "Today, the spirit bear lives off the coast of the province of British Columbia on a few islands (Q35)."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The speaker states the bear lives on a few "**islands**."

⚠️ Potential Traps: The audio mentions that the bear lives off the coast of "British Columbia," which is the province, but not the location itself.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay attention to where the bear lives, rather than the general geographic area.

📝 Question 36: Habitat is being lost due to deforestation and construction of 36 ....... by logging companies.

🔹 Correct Answer: roads

📍 Location in Audio Script: "In addition, they have built roads which have fractured the areas where the bear usually feeds, and many hibernation sites have also been lost (Q36)."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The speaker states that logging companies have built "**roads**" which have caused the habitat loss.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The audio mentions "logging companies" and "deforestation" but those are not what the companies are constructing.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Listen for the specific items that the logging companies have constructed that have caused the habitat loss.

📝 Question 37: Unrestricted 37 ....... is affecting the salmon supply.

🔹 Correct Answer: fishing

📍 Location in Audio Script: "To make matters worse, the number of salmon in those streams is declining because there is no legal limit on fishing at the moment. (Q37)"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The speaker mentions that "there is no legal limit on **fishing**," implying that the unrestricted **fishing** is impacting the salmon supply.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The audio mentions "streams," and "salmon" but those do not answer the question.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay attention to the activity that is impacting the salmon supply.

📝 Question 38: The bears’ existence is also threatened by their low rate of 38 .......

🔹 Correct Answer: reproduction

📍 Location in Audio Script: "...reproduction among these bears has always been disappointingly low. (Q38)"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The speaker states that the bear's existence is made fragile by its low rate of "**reproduction**."

⚠️ Potential Traps: There are no specific traps.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Listen for the phrase that describes the low rate of the bears, which is "**reproduction**."

📝 Question 39: Logging companies must improve their 39 ....... of logging.

🔹 Correct Answer: method / methods

📍 Location in Audio Script: "The government is now requiring logging companies to adopt a better logging method (Q39), which is a positive step."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The speaker says that logging companies must improve their "**method**" of logging. Either singular or plural is acceptable.

⚠️ Potential Traps: There are no specific traps.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay attention to the specific area where logging companies need to improve.

📝 Question 40: Maintenance and 40 ....... of the spirit bears’ territory is needed.

🔹 Correct Answer: expansion

📍 Location in Audio Script: "While it is important to maintain the spirit bear’s habitat, there also needs to be more emphasis on its expansion (Q40)."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The speaker states that "there also needs to be more emphasis on its **expansion**" in addition to maintenance.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The audio mentions "maintain the spirit bear's habitat" which is one item to be addressed, but the question is asking about a second area.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Be sure to listen for the item that is in addition to maintenance that must be addressed to protect the bear.

Today we continue our series on ecology and conservation with a look at a particularly endangered member of the black bear family. One in ten black bears is actually born with a white coat, which is the result of a special 📍Q31 gene that surfaces in a few. Local people have named it ‘the spirit bear’. And according to the legends of these communities, its snowy fur brings with it a special 📍Q32 power. Because of this, it has always been highly regarded by them – so much that they do not speak of seeing it to anyone else. It is their way of protecting it when 📍Q33 strangers visit the area.

The white bear’s habitat is quite interesting. The bear’s strong relationship with the old-growth rainforest is a complex one. The white bear relies on the huge centuries-old trees in the forest in many ways. For example, the old-growth trees have extremely long roots that help prevent 📍Q34 erosion of the soil along the banks of the many fish streams. Keeping these banks intact is important because these streams are home to salmon, which are the bear’s main food source. In return, the bear’s feeding habits nurture the forest. As the bears eat the salmon, they discard the skin and bones in great amounts on the forest floor, which provide vital nutrients. These produce lush vegetation that sustains thousands of other types of life forms, from birds to insects and more.

Today, the spirit bear lives off the coast of the province of British Columbia on a few 📍Q35 islands. There is great concern for their survival since it is estimated that less than two hundred of these white bears remain. The best way to protect them is to make every effort to preserve the delicate balance of their forest environment – in other words, their ecosystem.

The greatest threat to the bear’s existence is the loss of its habitat. Over many years, logging companies have stripped the land by cutting down a large number of trees. In addition, they have built 📍Q36 roads which have fractured the areas where the bear usually feeds, and many hibernation sites have also been lost. The logging of the trees along the streams has damaged the places where the bears fish. To make matters worse, the number of salmon in those streams is declining because there is no legal limit on 📍Q37 fishing at the moment.

All these influences have a negative impact on the spirit bear’s very existence, which is made all the more fragile by the fact that 📍Q38 reproduction among these bears has always been disappointingly low.

And so, what’s the situation going forward? Community organizations, environmental groups and the British Columbia government are now working together on the problem. The government is now requiring logging companies to adopt a better logging 📍Q39 method, which is a positive step. However, these measures alone may not be sufficient to ensure a healthy population of the spirit bear in the future.

Other steps also need to be taken. While it is important to maintain the spirit bear’s habitat, there also needs to be more emphasis on its 📍Q40 expansion. The move is justified as it will also create space for other bears that are losing their homes …