تحلیل ریدینگ آیلتس آکادمیک کمبریج 16 - تست 1: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

مقدمه: 

بخش ریدینگ آیلتس آکادمیک یکی از مهارت‌های حیاتی در آزمون آیلتس است که نیازمند درک سریع و دقیق متون علمی، مدیریت زمان و تسلط بر انواع سوالات می‌باشد. در این مقاله، تحلیل تست ۱ ریدینگ از کتاب آیلتس کمبریج ۱۶ (Cambridge IELTS 16) را ارائه می‌دهیم. هدف ما بررسی ساختار متن‌ها، استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی و نکات کلیدی برای کمک به داوطلبان در کسب نمره بهتر در این بخش است. این تست شامل سه متن آکادمیک است که به ترتیب سطح دشواری آن‌ها افزایش می‌یابد. داوطلبان باید با انواع سوالات مانند True/False/Not Given، Matching Headings، Multiple Choice و Summary Completion آشنا باشند و استراتژی‌های مناسبی برای هر نوع سوال اتخاذ کنند. در این مقاله، به بررسی نکات کلیدی متن‌ها، تحلیل دقیق سوالات، شناسایی اشتباهات رایج و ارائه روش‌های بهینه برای بهبود سرعت و دقت در پاسخ‌دهی خواهیم پرداخت. با مطالعه این راهنما، می‌توانید نقاط ضعف خود را تقویت کرده و عملکرد بهتری در بخش ریدینگ آیلتس داشته باشید. 

برای دیدن بقیه‌ی تحلیل‌ها به لینک زیر بروید:

پالت ناوبری سوالات

QUESTIONS 1-7 (Passage 1: Secrets of the Polar Bear)

📝 Question 1:

Polar bears suffer from various health problems due to the build-up of fat under their skin.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1 (Last sentence).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage explicitly states that while humans with comparable fat levels would suffer (diabetes, heart disease), "Yet the polar bear experiences no such consequences." This directly contradicts the statement.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Assuming the effects of obesity in humans also apply to the polar bear.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the contrast between humans and polar bears (signaled by "Yet").

📝 Question 2:

The study done by Liu and his colleagues compared different groups of polar bears.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2 (First two sentences).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The study "compared the genetic structure of polar bears with that of their closest relatives from a warmer climate, the brown bears." The comparison was between two different species (polar bears and brown bears), not different groups of polar bears.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Misinterpreting the comparison group as internal to the polar bear species.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The use of "brown bears" and "closest relatives" confirms the subjects were different species.

📝 Question 3:

Liu and colleagues were the first researchers to compare polar bears and brown bears genetically.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Not stated in the text.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage mentions a 2014 study by Liu and colleagues, but provides no information on whether it was the very first genetic comparison between the two species.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Assuming the first study mentioned is the "first" ever.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Superlative claims (like "the first") must be explicitly confirmed in the text.

📝 Question 4:

Polar bears are able to control their levels of ‘bad’ cholesterol by genetic means.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2 (Third and fourth sentences).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text links the polar bear's ability to reduce LDLs ('bad' cholesterol) to a specific gene: "APoB, which reduces levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)..." A gene is a genetic means.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The link between the gene and the effect is clear.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Finding the name of a gene (APoB) is the evidence for a genetic means.

📝 Question 5:

Female polar bears are able to survive for about six months without food.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3 (Second to last sentence).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text mentions the fasting period during their time in maternity dens: "This process results in about six months of fasting, where the female bears have to keep themselves and their cubs alive..." Fasting means surviving without food.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The statement is directly supported by the six-month duration of fasting.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The combination of the duration ("six months") and the activity ("fasting") confirms TRUE.

📝 Question 6:

It was found that the bones of female polar bears were very weak when they came out of their dens in spring.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4 (Last sentence).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states that "when they finally emerged from the den with their cubs, there was no evidence of significant loss of bone density." The absence of significant loss means their bones were not very weak.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Assuming that six months of fasting must lead to weak bones.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The definitive phrase "no evidence of significant loss" is the contradiction for FALSE.

📝 Question 7:

The polar bear’s mechanism for increasing bone density could also be used by people one day.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4 (Final sentence).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage concludes: "If the mechanism of bone remodelling in polar bears can be understood, many bedridden humans, and even astronauts, could potentially benefit." This confirms the potential for human application.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a direct statement of future benefit.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The words "potentially benefit" and the naming of human groups (bedridden, astronauts) confirm TRUE.

QUESTIONS 8-13 (Passage 1: Secrets of the Polar Bear)

📝 Question 8:

People think of bears as unintelligent and 8....

🔹 Correct Answer: Violent
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5 (Third sentence).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage describes the popular perception: "Bears, on the other hand, seem to be perceived as stupid and in many cases violent." "Stupid" is a synonym for "unintelligent."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "stupid" (already covered by "unintelligent"). The word count allows for one word.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the second negative adjective paired with "stupid" to complete the thought.

📝 Question 9:

In Tennoji Zoo, a bear has been seen using a branch as a 9....

🔹 Correct Answer: Tool
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5 (Fifth sentence).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The bear GoGo was "observed making use of a tool to manipulate his environment." The branch served as a tool.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "branch" (the object) instead of the functional description (tool).
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "making use of a tool" directly identifies the function of the branch.

📝 Question 10:

This allowed him to knock down some 10....

🔹 Correct Answer: Meat
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5 (Sixth sentence).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The purpose of using the branch was "to dislodge a piece of meat hung out of his reach."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "piece" or "food." The specific item is "meat."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The question asks what was knocked down; the object being sought is the Meat.

📝 Question 11:

A wild polar bear worked out a method of reaching a platform where a 11.... was located.

🔹 Correct Answer: Photographer
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5 (Eighth sentence).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The goal of the wild bear's calculated move (running and jumping onto barrels) was "in an attempt to get to a photographer standing on a platform four metres high."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "platform" (the location) or "barrels" (the means). The question asks for the person/object located there.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "get to a photographer" identifies the target of the bear's action.

📝 Question 12:

Polar bears have displayed behaviour such as conscious manipulation of objects and activity similar to a 12....

🔹 Correct Answer: Game
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6 (Third sentence).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The bears were observed "putting objects in piles and then knocking them over in what appeared to be a game."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "piles" (the object) or "knocking them over" (the action). The question asks for the similarity.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "similar to a" is matched by "what appeared to be a."

📝 Question 13:

Bears may also display emotions. For example: They may make movements suggesting 13.... if disappointed when hunting.

🔹 Correct Answer: Frustration
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7 (Second sentence).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Bears have been seen to hit out at ice and snow – "seemingly out of frustration – when they have just missed out on a kill." Missing a kill is synonymous with being disappointed when hunting.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "ice" or "snow" (the action) instead of the emotion.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The text directly names the emotion: Frustration.

QUESTIONS 14-20 (Passage 2: The Step Pyramid of Djoser)

📝 Question 14:

Paragraph A

🔹 Correct Answer: iv. A single certainty among other less definite facts
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph A
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph notes that the evolution of the pyramid "has been written and argued about for centuries" (less definite facts), but that "there is no question that... it began with one monument... the Step Pyramid" (a single certainty).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Focus only on the debate and miss the conclusive sentence.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The contrast between "argued about" and "no question that" is the key to matching this heading.

📝 Question 15:

Paragraph B

🔹 Correct Answer: vii. An idea for changing the design of burial structures
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph describes the shift from dried clay brick monuments to Imhotep's concept of "building a taller, more impressive tomb for his king by stacking stone slabs..." This was a new idea for changing the design.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Focusing only on the old design ("Prior to Djoser's reign...") and missing the transition to the new idea.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The core idea is the innovation of stacking stone slabs to create a unique shape.

📝 Question 16:

Paragraph C

🔹 Correct Answer: ii. A difficult task for those involved
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph details the challenges: "Much experimentation was involved," and "The weight of the enormous mass was a challenge for the builders..." This clearly highlights the difficulty of the task.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Focusing only on the solution (inward incline) and missing the problem (challenge of weight).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words like "challenge" and "experimentation" to indicate difficulty.

📝 Question 17:

Paragraph D

🔹 Correct Answer: v. An overview of the external buildings and areas
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: This paragraph describes the "complex," including its size (city-sized), wall, trench, temple, courtyards, shrines, and living quarters. This is a comprehensive overview of the external buildings and areas.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing the external areas (D) with the internal structure (E).
⭐ Key Learning Point: The focus on the surrounding structures and defenses confirms this as the external overview.

📝 Question 18:

Paragraph E

🔹 Correct Answer: i. The areas and artefacts within the pyramid itself
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: This paragraph discusses the "underground burial chamber," "network of tunnels," and "40,000 stone vessels." These are all areas and artefacts within the pyramid itself.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing the internal features (E) with the external features (D).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for terms like "underground," "tunnels," and "chamber" to confirm internal focus.

📝 Question 19:

Paragraph F

🔹 Correct Answer: viii. An incredible experience despite the few remains
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph F
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph mentions Djoser's body and grave goods "were stolen" (few remains), but "There was enough left... to astonish and amaze the archaeologists" (incredible experience despite).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Focusing only on the loss (robbery) and missing the impact of the remaining discoveries.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The contrast between the loss and the amazement is key to this heading.

📝 Question 20:

Paragraph G

🔹 Correct Answer: vi. A pyramid design that others copied
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph G
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states the Step Pyramid "was a revolutionary advance... and became the archetype which all the other great pyramid builders of Egypt would follow." An "archetype" that others follow is a design that is copied.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The concept of "archetype" and "follow" confirms the influence.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words describing influence or lasting legacy (e.g., "archetype," "follow").

QUESTIONS 21-24 (Passage 2: The Step Pyramid of Djoser)

📝 Question 21:

The Step Pyramid complex was as large as a 21.... in ancient Egypt.

🔹 Correct Answer: City
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text makes a direct size comparison: "The complex in which it was built was the size of a city in ancient Egypt..."
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a direct factual comparison.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for a direct comparison of scale.

📝 Question 22:

The complex also contained buildings with accommodation for 22....

🔹 Correct Answer: Priests
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The complex included "a temple, courtyards, shrines, and living quarters for the priests." "Living quarters" is a synonym for accommodation.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "temple" or "shrines" (the structures) instead of the inhabitants.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The question asks for the people who were accommodated.

📝 Question 23:

The entire wall surrounding the complex was itself surrounded by a 23....

🔹 Correct Answer: Trench
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage describes the defense: "the entire wall was then ringed by a trench 750 meters long and 40 meters wide."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "wall" (the object surrounding) or the measurements (750 meters).
⭐ Key Learning Point: The word "ringed by" is the key to identifying the object surrounding the wall.

📝 Question 24:

Visitors would need to know the correct 24.... to find the genuine entrance to the complex.

🔹 Correct Answer: Location
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The security measure required visitors to "know in advance how to find the location of the true opening in the wall."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "entrance" or "opening" (already implied by the question).
⭐ Key Learning Point: The question asks for the specific detail about the entrance that was needed to gain access.

QUESTIONS 25 & 26 (Passage 2: The Step Pyramid of Djoser)

📝 Question 25:

What point does the writer make about the reign of King Djoser?

🔹 Correct Answer: B. There is disagreement concerning the length of his reign.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states Djoser is "thought to have reigned for 19 years," but "some historians and scholars attribute a much longer time..." This difference in attributed time represents the disagreement.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Choosing C (the reason for the longer attribution) rather than the core point of disagreement (the length itself).
⭐ Key Learning Point: The conflicting accounts (19 years vs. much longer) confirm the lack of agreement.

📝 Question 26:

What did the archaeologists find in the Step Pyramid complex?

🔹 Correct Answer: D. A few of his possessions were still in his tomb when archaeologists found it.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph F
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Although his grave goods were stolen, the text mentions archaeologists found "a small number of his valuables overlooked by the thieves." This directly supports finding a few possessions.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Option C is incorrect; the main discovery was a few overlooked valuables, not a treasure trove. Option B is wrong as his body was stolen.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrasing "small number of his valuables overlooked by the thieves" is the definitive evidence.

QUESTIONS 27-30 (Passage 3: The Future of Work)

📝 Question 27:

What is the main topic of the first paragraph?

🔹 Correct Answer: B. the extent to which AI will alter the nature of the work that people do.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph introduces both "embodied" and "disembodied" AI and focuses on the idea that "all workers will need to adapt as their occupations evolve." This emphasis on the transformation of jobs is the main topic.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Option A is too narrow; the paragraph is about *how* work will change, not *which* jobs will be most affected.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the idea of "evolution" of work to identify the main theme of change/alteration.

📝 Question 28:

What does Stella Pachidi suggest about the ‘knowledge economy’?

🔹 Correct Answer: D. It is a key factor driving current developments in the workplace.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Pachidi states that some of the most fundamental changes are happening as a result of the "algorithmication" of jobs in the knowledge economy. This makes the knowledge economy (and its data dependence) a key factor driving developments.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Option A is not supported. The focus is on the *type* of work changing, not the *number* of jobs changing.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The strong phrase "most fundamental changes" linked to the knowledge economy confirms its role as a key driving factor.

📝 Question 29:

What did Stella Pachidi observe at a telecommunications company?

🔹 Correct Answer: C. staff making sure that AI produces the results that they want
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Pachidi observed: "workers feed the algorithm with false data to reach their targets." This manipulation ensures the AI yields the output the workers desire.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Option B (resentment) is implied, but C is the concrete action that was observed and reported.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the direct action verbs ("feed... with false data") to confirm the observation.

📝 Question 30:

The research carried out by Ewan McGaughey

🔹 Correct Answer: D. illustrates how changes in the job market can be successfully handled.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 9
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: McGaughey advocates for social policies like "retraining and redeployment" to tackle redundancies. He looks to "seizing the opportunity to improve policy." His work is about proactively handling and mitigating the effects of change.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Option B is true, but McGaughey’s focus is on the *solution* (handling the changes), not just the problem.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for proposals of "social policies" or "improving policy" to identify the goal of successful management.

QUESTIONS 31-34 (Passage 3: The Future of Work)

📝 Question 31:

Algorithms will take over more jobs in the knowledge economy as they can learn from 31.... to make decisions.

🔹 Correct Answer: Information
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states algorithms are taking over "jobs that are dependent on data rather than on production... Algorithms are capable of learning from data..." The option "information" (G) is the closest match for "data" and fits the word limit.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "data" if not listed as an option. "Information" is the broader concept represented by data.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The knowledge economy is driven by processing Data/Information.

📝 Question 32:

Workers may also develop a 32.... on the recommendations of AI systems.

🔹 Correct Answer: Reliance
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Pachidi believes workers may "become dependent on its instructions." "Dependent" is the adjective form of the noun Reliance (E).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "dependency" or "dependent" if the required word is a noun.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "become dependent on" is the evidence for Reliance.

📝 Question 33:

This may lead to a loss of human expertise and discourage workers from using their 33.... to find new ways of working.

🔹 Correct Answer: Intuition
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage warns that over-reliance means "Alternative explorations – where experimentation and human instinct lead to progress... – are effectively discouraged." "Instinct" (human judgment) is synonymous with Intuition (C).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "instinct" or "experimentation." "Intuition" is the most encompassing noun for uncalculated judgment.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The concepts of "human instinct" and "experimentation" are the supporting context for Intuition.

📝 Question 34:

By making the way AI systems work easier to understand, researchers hope to increase user 34....

🔹 Correct Answer: Confidence
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 8
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The goal is to make AI "more trustworthy and transparent," so people understand how decisions are made. This process of building trust is meant to increase user Confidence (F).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "trustworthy" or "transparent" (the methods) instead of the desired outcome.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The pairing of "trustworthy and transparent" aims to build Confidence.

QUESTIONS 35-40 (Passage 3: The Future of Work)

📝 Question 35:

Automation will lead to an overall increase in the number of available jobs.

🔹 Correct Answer: B (Hamish Low)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Low rejects the "fixed" number of jobs idea, stating: "The number of jobs will increase: we would expect there to be 150 jobs."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing the different academics' viewpoints on job numbers.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Low’s key insight is the rejection of the "fixed job fallacy."

📝 Question 36:

Organisations are motivated to use AI by the goal of finding perfect information.

🔹 Correct Answer: A (Stella Pachidi)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Pachidi states organizations "want to make choices based on what they consider is ‘perfect information’."
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a direct quote attributed to her.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "perfect information" is the definitive clue.

📝 Question 37:

The changes brought about by AI are comparable to those of the Industrial Revolution.

🔹 Correct Answer: C (Ewan McGaughey)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 9
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: McGaughey compares the coming change to the industrial revolution and the corporate revolution, calling it a "third revolution."
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a direct comparison made by him.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The comparison to the "third revolution" confirms the scale.

📝 Question 38:

The reliance on AI systems could prevent experts from developing their skills.

🔹 Correct Answer: A (Stella Pachidi)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Pachidi raises the concern: "If routine cognitive tasks are taken over by AI, how do professions develop their future experts?" This suggests skills development is hindered.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a direct concern (rhetorical question) raised by her.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the question about future experts and skills development.

📝 Question 39:

The working life of the future will involve periods of both work and unemployment.

🔹 Correct Answer: B (Hamish Low)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Low envisages a life "where multiple jobs and no job happen by choice at different stages." "No job" is a voluntary period of unemployment.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The phrase "no job" is the key to matching the statement about unemployment.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Low's model focuses on a "multistage employment life" involving different phases.

📝 Question 40:

Governments should take action to guarantee job security and fair incomes.

🔹 Correct Answer: C (Ewan McGaughey)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 9 (Last sentence)
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: McGaughey’s findings are a call to arms to leaders... to pre-empt the coming changes with bold new policies that guarantee full employment, fair incomes..."
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a clear recommendation attributed to him.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the explicit call for Government/Policy intervention.