تحلیل ریدینگ آیلتس آکادمیک کمبریج 11 - تست 1: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

مقدمه: 

بخش ریدینگ آیلتس آکادمیک یکی از مهارت‌های حیاتی در آزمون آیلتس است که نیازمند درک سریع و دقیق متون علمی، مدیریت زمان و تسلط بر انواع سوالات می‌باشد. در این مقاله، تحلیل تست ۱ ریدینگ از کتاب آیلتس کمبریج ۱۱ (Cambridge IELTS 11) را ارائه می‌دهیم. هدف ما بررسی ساختار متن‌ها، استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی و نکات کلیدی برای کمک به داوطلبان در کسب نمره بهتر در این بخش است. این تست شامل سه متن آکادمیک است که به ترتیب سطح دشواری آن‌ها افزایش می‌یابد. داوطلبان باید با انواع سوالات مانند True/False/Not Given، Matching Headings، Multiple Choice و Summary Completion آشنا باشند و استراتژی‌های مناسبی برای هر نوع سوال اتخاذ کنند. در این مقاله، به بررسی نکات کلیدی متن‌ها، تحلیل دقیق سوالات، شناسایی اشتباهات رایج و ارائه روش‌های بهینه برای بهبود سرعت و دقت در پاسخ‌دهی خواهیم پرداخت. با مطالعه این راهنما، می‌توانید نقاط ضعف خود را تقویت کرده و عملکرد بهتری در بخش ریدینگ آیلتس داشته باشید.

برای دیدن بقیه‌ی تحلیل‌ها به لینک زیر بروید:

پالت ناوبری سوالات

QUESTIONS 1-7 (Passage 1: Answering Questions About Indoor Farming)

📝 Question 1:

Some food plants, including ______ are already grown indoors.

🔹 Correct Answer: Tomatoes
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text mentions, "hothouse production of tomatoes and other produce has been in vogue for some time." The word "hothouse" is a direct synonym for "grown indoors."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Overlooking the simple word "tomatoes" in favour of a more complex term like "produce."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for specific examples when the question asks for items already in use.

📝 Question 2:

Vertical farms would be located in ______, meaning that there would be less need to take them long distances to customers.

🔹 Correct Answer: Urban centers/centres
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage states, "Situated in the heart of urban centres, they would drastically reduce the amount of transportation required..." This confirms the location is in the city to minimize transport.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Writing only "centers/centres" and missing the defining adjective "urban."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "less need to take them long distances" is a paraphrase for "drastically reduce the amount of transportation."

📝 Question 3:

Vertical farms could use methane from plants and animals to produce ______.

🔹 Correct Answer: Energy
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text explains that the system "would return energy to the grid via methane generation from composting nonedible parts of plants." Methane generation is used to produce energy.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Writing "methane" or "composting," which are the process/source, not the ultimate output (produce).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the noun that follows "produce" or "return" in the context of power generation.

📝 Question 4:

The consumption of ______ would be cut because agricultural vehicles would be unnecessary.

🔹 Correct Answer: Fossil fuel
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage explicitly states, "It would also dramatically reduce fossil fuel use, by cutting out the need for tractors, ploughs and shipping." Agricultural vehicles rely on fossil fuel.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Providing a list of the vehicles (tractors, ploughs) instead of the resource they consume.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The question asks for what is "cut" due to the unnecessary vehicles.

📝 Question 5:

The fact that vertical farms would need ______ light is a disadvantage.

🔹 Correct Answer: Artificial
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text mentions, "A major drawback of vertical farming, however, is that the plants would require artificial light." A "major drawback" is a disadvantage.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Missing the "drawback" keyword and only reading the advantages in the surrounding paragraphs.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words like "drawback," "disadvantage," or "problem" to locate the discussion of negative features.

📝 Question 6:

One form of vertical farming involves planting in ______ which are not fixed.

🔹 Correct Answer: (stacked) trays
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage describes a variation where plants are grown in "stacked trays that move on rails," meaning they are "not fixed."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "rails," which is the mechanism of movement, not the planting structure.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The answer should be the object used for planting that is mobile.

📝 Question 7:

The most probable development is that food will be grown on ______ in towns and cities.

🔹 Correct Answer: (urban) rooftops
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text concludes that experts believe "it is far more likely that we will simply use the space available on urban rooftops." "Far more likely" is a synonym for "most probable."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Choosing "skyscrapers," which the text mentions as a less likely possibility.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Differentiate between theoretical possibilities and most probable outcomes based on the author's tone.

QUESTIONS 8-13 (Passage 1: Determining if the Statements are True, False, or Not Given)

📝 Question 8:

Methods for predicting the Earth’s population have recently changed.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: The topic is not discussed.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage discusses population growth and the need for more food, but it never mentions the methods used for prediction or whether those methods have changed recently.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Seeing a mention of population and assuming the statement is TRUE.
⭐ Key Learning Point: If the text only provides a related fact (population is growing) but not the specific detail (how it's predicted), the answer is NOT GIVEN.

📝 Question 9:

Human beings are responsible for some of the destruction to food-producing land.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states, "some 15% of that has been laid waste by poor management practices." This is a clear reference to destructive human activities, supporting the statement.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Overlooking "poor management practices" as a direct link to human responsibility.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for synonyms or related phrases for "responsible for" and "destruction."

📝 Question 10:

The crops produced in vertical farms will depend on the season.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage states, "crops would be produced all year round, as they would be kept in artificially controlled, optimum growing conditions." This directly contradicts the statement that they would "depend on the season."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Focusing on the word "crops" and missing the "all year round" detail.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for time-related and condition-related phrases that contradict external factors like seasons.

📝 Question 11:

Some damage to food crops is caused by climate change.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text refers to a "rapidly changing climate" leading to "Massive floods, long droughts, hurricanes and severe monsoons" that destroy "millions of tons of valuable crops." This confirms climate change is a cause of damage.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Assuming only human activity (Q9) is responsible for damage.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The question is TRUE if the link between cause (climate change) and effect (damage) is present.

📝 Question 12:

Fertilisers will be needed for certain crops in vertical farms.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage states that all food could be grown organically, "eliminating the need for herbicides, pesticides and fertilisers." This directly contradicts the necessity of fertilisers.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Interpreting "eliminating the need" as "reduced need."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Words like "eliminating" or "no need" are strong indicators of a FALSE statement when the question claims necessity.

📝 Question 13:

Vertical farming will make plants less likely to be affected by infectious diseases.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states the system would "greatly reduce the incidence of many infectious diseases." "Greatly reduce the incidence" is a synonym for "make plants less likely to be affected."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing "incidence" with "severity."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The use of "reduce" confirms the positive impact on disease likelihood.

QUESTIONS 14-19 (Passage 2: Analyzing Statements about the Falkirk Wheel)

📝 Question 14:

The Falkirk Wheel has linked the Forth & Clyde Canal with the Union Canal for the first time in their history.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states the canals had been historically joined by 11 locks, which were later dismantled. Since they were joined before, the Wheel is not the "first time."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Missing the "historically joined" phrase and only focusing on the broken link.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Be wary of superlatives (first, only, always) in True/False/Not Given questions.

📝 Question 15:

There was some opposition to the design of the Falkirk Wheel at first.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2 discusses different design ideas but not opposition to the final design.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage mentions a design competition, but no information is provided about public or professional opposition to the winning design.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Inferring opposition from the mere existence of a competition or the radical nature of the final design.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Do not make inferences about people's opinions (opposition, support) unless the text explicitly states them.

📝 Question 16:

The Falkirk Wheel was initially put together at the location where its components were manufactured.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states, "The various parts of The Falkirk Wheel were all constructed and assembled... at Butterley Engineering’s Steelworks in Derbyshire... 400 km from Falkirk." The component construction and initial assembly happened in the same place (Derbyshire).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing the assembly location (Derbyshire) with the final installation location (Falkirk).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay attention to the distinction between manufacturing/assembly and final location.

📝 Question 17:

The Falkirk Wheel is the only boat lift in the world which has steel sections bolted together by hand.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text details the construction method (bolted, hand-tightened) but never makes a global comparison or claims that it is the "only" one with this method.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The detail of hand-tightening makes the claim *feel* true, but the word "only" is not supported.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Global claims introduced by superlatives (only, best, biggest) are usually NOT GIVEN unless explicitly supported by a comparison statement.

📝 Question 18:

The weight of the gondolas varies according to the size of the boat being carried.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage explicitly states, "These gondolas always weigh the same, whether or not they are carrying boats" due to Archimedes' principle. This directly contradicts the statement that the weight "varies."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Ignoring the scientific explanation (Archimedes' principle) and assuming boat size must affect weight.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for scientific principles or laws mentioned, as they often contain key details for True/False questions.

📝 Question 19:

The construction of the Falkirk Wheel site took into account the presence of a nearby ancient monument.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text explains the Wheel couldn't be built to the full height "owing to the presence of the historically important Antonine Wall." The wall's presence clearly influenced the design/construction, meaning it was taken into account.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing the need for a tunnel (the result) with the ancient monument (the cause of the design change).
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "owing to the presence of" shows that a factor was considered in the design decision.

QUESTIONS 20-26 (Passage 2: Labeling the Falkirk Wheel Diagram)

📝 Question 20:

Label the component that seals the gondola from the canal basin.

🔹 Correct Answer: Gates
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text refers to "Two hydraulic steel gates are raised, so as to seal the gondola off from the water in the canal basin."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using a word like "seal" or "basin" instead of the component itself.
⭐ Key Learning Point: In diagram labeling, the answer must be the name of the physical part.

📝 Question 21:

Label the mechanism that prevents the arms from moving while docked.

🔹 Correct Answer: Clamp
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage describes, "A hydraulic clamp, which prevents the arms of the Wheel moving while the gondola is docked, is removed..."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "hydraulic," which is the power source, not the mechanism.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The core function here is securing/preventing movement.

📝 Question 22:

Label the central rotating component driven by motors.

🔹 Correct Answer: Axle
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text mentions, "an array of ten hydraulic motors then begins to rotate the central axle."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "motors," which are the power source.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The central component of a rotating mechanism is typically the axle.

📝 Question 23:

Label the components that ensure the gondolas remain level.

🔹 Correct Answer: Cogs
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage states, "Two eight-metre-wide cogs orbit a fixed inner cog... so ensuring that the gondolas always remain level."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "fixed inner cog" or "outer arms."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The key function is maintaining the level position (using gearing).

📝 Question 24:

Label the structure situated 24 meters above the canal basin.

🔹 Correct Answer: Aqueduct
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text mentions the boat passes onto the "aqueduct situated 24 metres above the canal basin."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question is a direct synonym/description match.
⭐ Key Learning Point: An aqueduct is a canal bridge/structure.

📝 Question 25:

Label the structure that boats travel under via a tunnel.

🔹 Correct Answer: Wall
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage states, "Boats travel under this wall via a tunnel." This refers to the Antonine Wall's location relative to the boats' path.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "tunnel," which is the means of passage, not the structure being passed under.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the noun that is passed under.

📝 Question 26:

Label the structures used to complete the ascent to the Union Canal.

🔹 Correct Answer: Locks
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text notes boats travel "...via a tunnel, then through the locks, and finally on to the Union Canal." The locks handle the remaining height difference.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Forgetting that locks are a traditional method for changing canal water levels.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The final stage of ascent uses locks.

QUESTIONS 27-29 (Passage 3: Locating Information Within Reading Passage 3)

📝 Question 27:

Mention of a geo-engineering project based on an earlier natural phenomenon

🔹 Correct Answer: D
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Paragraph D discusses a project to release aerosol sprays, stating, "The idea is modelled on historic volcanic explosions... which led to a short-term cooling..." A volcanic explosion is a natural phenomenon.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Focusing only on the man-made project (aerosol sprays) and missing the reference to its natural inspiration (volcanoes).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for phrases like "modelled on," "inspired by," or "mimicking" to find links to natural phenomena.

📝 Question 28:

An example of a successful use of geo-engineering

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Paragraph B gives an example: "For decades, May Day parades in Moscow have taken place under clear blue skies, aircraft having deposited dry ice... to disperse clouds." Clear skies for parades demonstrates a successful, localized use.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Disregarding the example because it is a "small localised scale" rather than a global one.
⭐ Key Learning Point: "Successful" can refer to both small-scale, proven results and large-scale outcomes.

📝 Question 29:

A common definition of geo-engineering

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph A.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Paragraph A defines it as "a term which generally refers to the intentional large-scale manipulation of the environment." The phrase "generally refers to" indicates a common definition.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Looking for a formal, technical definition rather than a general one.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Definitions are almost always found in the introductory paragraph(s).

QUESTIONS 30-36 (Passage 3: Completing the Table: Geo-Engineering Projects)

📝 Question 30:

Project: Placing tiny spacecraft into orbit.
Aim: To reduce sunlight by creating a sunlight-refracting ______.

🔹 Correct Answer: Sunshade
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text mentions the spacecraft would "form a transparent, sunlight-refracting sunshade."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question is a direct gap-fill from the sentence structure.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Use the surrounding descriptive words (sunlight-refracting) to locate the noun.

📝 Question 31:

Project: Depositing ______ in the ocean.
Aim: To stimulate the growth of algae.

🔹 Correct Answer: Iron
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage lists a project: "depositing iron in the ocean to stimulate the growth of algae."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question is a direct reference to the substance used.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Table completion often requires filling in the substance, location, or aim.