تحلیل ریدینگ آیلتس آکادمیک کمبریج 9 - تست 1: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

پالت ناوبری سوالات

QUESTIONS 1-7 (Passage 1: True/False/Not Given - William Perkin)

📝 Question 1:

Michael Faraday was the first person to recognize Perkin’s ability as a student of chemistry.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states that Perkin’s teacher, Thomas Hall, perceived his talent first and encouraged him to attend Faraday's lectures. Therefore, Faraday was not the first.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question tries to confuse the original identifier (Hall) with the inspirational figure (Faraday).
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall" directly contradicts the statement.

📝 Question 2:

Michael Faraday suggested Perkin should enroll in the Royal College of Chemistry.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage says Faraday's speeches "fired the young chemist’s enthusiasm" and he later enrolled, but it does not state that Faraday directly suggested or recommended the enrollment.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Do not confuse inspiration with direct recommendation.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The precise nature of the suggestion is a missing detail.

📝 Question 3:

Perkin employed August Wilhelm Hofmann as his assistant.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text explicitly states that Perkin "became Hofmann’s youngest assistant," meaning Hofmann employed Perkin, not the other way around.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question reverses the roles of the two individuals.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "became Hofmann’s youngest assistant" is the definitive contradiction.

📝 Question 4:

Perkin was still young when he made the discovery that made him rich and famous.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraphs 1-3.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Perkin was 15 in 1853 (Paragraph 1) and became an assistant within two years (17 in 1855). His discovery occurred during his vacation in 1856. Thus, he was about 18 years old, which is still young.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question requires synthesizing information across paragraphs to calculate his age.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The established timeline shows the discovery occurred in his late teens.

📝 Question 5:

The trees from which quinine is derived grow only in South America.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states the cinchona tree is "native to South America," but this does not mean it grows *only* there. It might have been transplanted elsewhere.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question uses the absolute word "only." Do not confuse "native to" with "exclusive to."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The distribution of the trees after their native origin is a missing detail.

📝 Question 6:

Perkin hoped to manufacture a drug from a coal tar waste product.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Perkin was trying to manufacture quinine (a drug) from aniline (a coal tar waste product). This directly supports the statement.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question is a direct synthesis of his goal (drug) and the starting material (waste product).
⭐ Key Learning Point: The core goal was synthetic production: quinine from aniline.

📝 Question 7:

Perkin was inspired by the discoveries of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage quotes Pasteur's famous words to describe Perkin’s readiness, but does not state that Perkin was inspired by Pasteur’s specific scientific discoveries.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question tries to confuse the use of an inspirational quote with scientific inspiration.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The source of scientific inspiration is a missing detail.

QUESTIONS 8-13 (Passage 1: Short Answer Questions - William Perkin)

📝 Question 8:

Before Perkin’s discovery, with what group in society was the colour purple associated?

🔹 Correct Answer: Rich
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The original purple colour was so costly that "only the rich could afford it."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the specific socioeconomic group.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The extreme cost limited the colour to the wealthy class.

📝 Question 9:

What potential did Perkin immediately understand that his new dye had?

🔹 Correct Answer: Commercial
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Perkin’s reaction was a "nearly instant recognition that the new dye had commercial possibilities."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the type of possibility (adjective/noun form) he recognized.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The key phrase is "commercial possibilities."

📝 Question 10:

What was the name finally used to refer to the first color Perkin invented?

🔹 Correct Answer: Mauve
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The dye was originally named Tyrian Purple, but "it later became commonly known as mauve."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Use the later, common name, not the original name.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The final, most common name is mauve.

📝 Question 11:

What was the name of the person Perkin consulted before setting up his own dye works?

🔹 Correct Answer: Robert Pullar
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: He "asked advice of Scottish dye works owner Robert Pullar."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the name of the expert consulted.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The key information is the name of the person who gave him the assurance.

📝 Question 12:

In what country did Perkin’s newly invented colour first become fashionable?

🔹 Correct Answer: France
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Empress Eugenie of France favored the colour, and "Very soon, mauve was the necessary shade for all the fashionable ladies in that country."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the country where it became fashionable.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The Empress of France drove the fashion trend.

📝 Question 13:

According to the passage, which disease is now being targeted by researchers using synthetic dyes?

🔹 Correct Answer: Malaria
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The current use of synthetic dyes is "in the search for a vaccine against malaria."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the disease currently being targeted.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The final sentence provides the connection between dyes and the disease malaria.

QUESTIONS 14-17 (Passage 2: Matching Headings - SETI)

📝 Question 14:

Paragraph B

🔹 Correct Answer: iv (Assumptions underlying the search for extraterrestrial intelligence)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph outlines "two ground rules" used by most SETI scientists (ignoring UFOs, looking for human-like life). These are the assumptions that form the basis of the search.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The term "ground rules" is a synonym for assumptions/premises.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The "ground rules" define the scope and method of the search.

📝 Question 15:

Paragraph C

🔹 Correct Answer: vii (Likelihood of life on other planets)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph discusses the unknowns: "how many stars have planets" and "how likely it is that life will arise naturally." This focuses on the probability/likelihood of life.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The focus on the unknown chances of life arising is central.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The word "likely" in the question is the key link to the text's uncertainty about life arising.

📝 Question 16:

Paragraph D

🔹 Correct Answer: i (Seeking the transmission of radio signals from planets)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph argues for radio waves as the most efficient communication method and notes that "all searches to date have concentrated on looking for radio waves."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The paragraph describes the specific technical method used in SETI searches.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The focus on radio waves in a specific frequency range is the core idea.

📝 Question 17:

Paragraph E

🔹 Correct Answer: ii (Appropriate responses to signals from other civilizations)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph states, "There is considerable debate over how we should react if we detect a signal" and whether to send a reply. This discusses the appropriate response.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The entire paragraph is dedicated to the ethical dilemma of how to handle first contact.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The debate over "how we should react" is the key phrase.

QUESTIONS 18-20 (Passage 2: Short Answer Questions - SETI)

📝 Question 18:

What is the life expectancy of Earth?

🔹 Correct Answer: Several billion years
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph A.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states that "the lifetime of a planet like ours is several billion years."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question is a direct synonym match for the planet's lifespan.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The core information is the estimated age of the planet.

📝 Question 19:

What kind of signals from other intelligent civilizations are SETI scientists searching for?

🔹 Correct Answer: Radio (waves)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: All searches concentrate on looking for "radio waves in this frequency range."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the type of signal.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Radio waves are the key communication method being sought.

📝 Question 20:

How many stars are the world’s most powerful radio telescopes searching?

🔹 Correct Answer: 1000 (stars)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The project is searching the nearest "1000 likely stars."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the number of target stars.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The target is the nearest 1000 likely stars.

QUESTIONS 21-26 (Passage 2: True/False/Not Given - SETI)

📝 Question 21:

Alien civilizations may be able to help the human race to overcome serious problems.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph A.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text suggests older civilizations "may pass on the benefits of their experience in dealing with threats to survival such as nuclear war and global pollution." This is providing help.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question is a direct synthesis of the potential benefit listed.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The belief is that experience in survival could be shared.

📝 Question 22:

SETI scientists are trying to find a life form that resembles humans in many ways.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: SETI scientists assume "that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question is a direct paraphrase of the core assumption.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The core search assumption is for a human-like life form.

📝 Question 23:

The Americans and Australians have co-operated on joint research projects.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text mentions both US and Australian searches, but does not state whether they have formally co-operated or worked on joint projects.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Do not infer collaboration from the mere mention of parallel projects.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Details about international co-operation are missing.

📝 Question 24:

So far SETI scientists have picked up radio signals from several stars.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states: "Until now there have not been any detections from the few hundred stars which have been searched."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question is a direct reversal of the current search outcome.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The outcome has been zero detections so far.

📝 Question 25:

The NASA project attracted criticism from some members of Congress.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text mentions that Congress allocated funding for the NASA project, but does not mention any criticism or opposition from Congress members.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Do not assume criticism just because funding is mentioned.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Details regarding political reception/criticism are missing.

📝 Question 26:

If a signal from outer space is received, it will be important to respond promptly.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The consensus is that "we should not reply immediately," due to ethical questions and impracticality. Promptness is discouraged.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question tries to reverse the explicit ethical instruction.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "Everybody agrees that we should not reply immediately" is the definitive contradiction.

QUESTIONS 27-30 (Passage 3: Short Answer Questions - Animal Migration)

📝 Question 27:

What had to transfer from sea to land before any animals could migrate?

🔹 Correct Answer: Plants
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states: "And we mustn’t forget the plants, without whose prior invasion of the land none of the other migrations could have happened."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the prerequisite life form.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Plants were essential for creating a viable terrestrial ecosystem.

📝 Question 28:

Which TWO processes are mentioned as those in which animals had to make big changes as they moved onto land?

🔹 Correct Answer: Breathing and reproduction
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Moving to land involved a major redesign of life, including "breathing and reproduction."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the two specific processes mentioned.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The challenge involved adapting the two fundamental life processes to a new medium.

📝 Question 29:

Which physical feature, possessed by their ancestors, do whales lack?

🔹 Correct Answer: Gills
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Whales still breathe air, "having never developed anything equivalent to the gills of their earlier marine incarnation."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the specific ancestral feature that was never regained.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The lack of gills forces them to return to the surface for air.

📝 Question 30:

Which animals might ichthyosaurs have resembled?

🔹 Correct Answer: Dolphins
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Ichthyosaur fossils "look like dolphins and they surely lived like dolphins."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the modern animal used for physical comparison.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The physical resemblance to dolphins is the key comparison.

QUESTIONS 31-33 (Passage 3: True/False/Not Given - Animal Migration)

📝 Question 31:

Turtles were among the first group of animals to migrate back to the sea.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Not discussed.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage discusses turtles and other animals that returned to the sea, but does not provide a chronological order to determine if turtles were the *first* group to do so.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question uses the superlative "first" without support.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The specific timing of the migration is a missing detail.

📝 Question 32:

It is always difficult to determine where an animal lived when its fossilized remains are incomplete.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text asks, "You might wonder how we can tell... especially if only fragments are found. Sometimes it’s obvious." This contradicts the claim that it is *always* difficult.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question uses the absolute word "always." The text refutes the absolute difficulty.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The exception ("Sometimes it's obvious") is enough to falsify the "always difficult" statement.

📝 Question 33:

The habitat of ichthyosaurs can be determined by the appearance of their fossilized remains.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Ichthyosaurs had "fins and streamlined bodies" and fossils that "look like dolphins," leading the conclusion that "they surely lived like dolphins, in the water." The appearance of the remains determines the habitat.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question is a direct synthesis of the visual evidence and the resulting conclusion.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Streamlined bodies and fins are morphological clues to an aquatic habitat.

QUESTIONS 34-39 (Passage 3: Flow Chart Completion - Turtle Ancestry)

📝 Question 34:

Step 1: 71 species of living turtles and tortoises were examined and a total of 3 ______ were taken from the bones of their forelimbs.

🔹 Correct Answer: Measurements
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Researchers "obtained three measurements in these particular bones."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the noun describing the data collected.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The numerical figure (3) is the key anchor for finding the word measurements.

📝 Question 35:

Step 2: The data was recorded on a ______ (necessary for comparing the information).

🔹 Correct Answer: (Triangular) graph
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: They "used a kind of triangular graph paper to plot the three measurements."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The word "paper" is unnecessary. The object used for recording and comparison is the graph.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The graphical tool used for visual data comparison is the graph.

📝 Question 36:

Step 2: Outcome: Land tortoises were represented by a dense ______ of points towards the top.

🔹 Correct Answer: Cluster
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "All the land tortoise species formed a tight cluster of points in the upper part of the triangle."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the scientific term used to describe the grouping of data points.
⭐ Key Learning Point: A cluster is a group of similar data points.

📝 Question 37:

Step 3: The same data was collected from some living ______ species and added to the other results.

🔹 Correct Answer: Amphibious
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: They added "some species that spend time both in water and on land. Sure enough, these amphibious species show up..."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the scientific classification of these transition species.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The species that live in both environments are called amphibious.

📝 Question 38:

Step 3: Outcome: The points for these species turned out to be positioned about ______ up the triangle...

🔹 Correct Answer: Half way
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: These species show up "approximately half way between the ‘wet cluster’... and the ‘dry cluster’."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the precise relative position on the graph.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The position reflected their intermediate lifestyle: half way.

📝 Question 39:

Step 4: Outcome: The position of the points indicated that both these ancient creatures were ______.

🔹 Correct Answer: Dry land tortoises
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Their points on the graph were "right in the thick of the dry cluster. Both these fossils were dry-land tortoises."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the definitive habitat classification.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Their position in the "dry cluster" gives the final classification.

QUESTION 40 (Passage 3: Multiple Choice - Tortoise Significance)

📝 Question 40:

According to the writer, the most significant thing about tortoises is that

🔹 Correct Answer: D (they have made the transition from sea to land more than once.)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The writer concludes, "Tortoises therefore represent a remarkable double return." Their ancestor moved sea $\rightarrow$ land, then land $\rightarrow$ sea (sea turtles), and finally sea $\rightarrow$ land again (tortoises).
⚠️ Potential Traps: The other points are true but are not presented as the "most significant thing" (remarkable double return).
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "remarkable double return" is the key indicator of significance.