تحلیل ریدینگ آیلتس جنرال کمبریج 13 - تست 4: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

📝 Question 1:

This is the first year that The Guardian has run a travel photography competition.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE (B)
📍 Location in Passage: First paragraph. "The photo competition is back, giving you another chance to win an incredible trip..." and "our annual photography competition run by the Travel section..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: عبارات "another chance" و "annual photography competition" با این ادعا که این اولین سال است، در تضاد هستند.
⚠️ Potential Traps: ندارد، این یک تضاد واضح است.
⭐ Key Learning Point: نشانگرهای مستقیم تکرار ("back," "annual") را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 2:

Any photograph for the competition must have been taken on an overseas trip.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE (B)
📍 Location in Passage: First paragraph. "...whether far afield or close to home..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: عکس‌ها را می‌توان در سفرهای "close to home" (نزدیک خانه) گرفت، که لزوماً خارج از کشور نیست. این بیانیه نقض می‌شود.
⚠️ Potential Traps: فرض کردن "travel" به معنی خارج از کشور است.
⭐ Key Learning Point: به دنبال مثال‌های خاصی باشید که دامنه را گسترش می‌دهند ("close to home").

📝 Question 3:

The end-of-year exhibition in London is free for the public to attend.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN (C)
📍 Location in Passage: Second paragraph. "...displayed in the end-of-year exhibition for the public at The Guardian‘s offices in London."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: نمایشگاه برای "the public" باز است، اما متن هیچ اطلاعاتی در مورد هزینه ورودی ارائه نمی‌دهد.
⚠️ Potential Traps: فرض کردن حضور عمومی به معنی ورود رایگان است.
⭐ Key Learning Point: جزئیات مالی را فرض نکنید.

📝 Question 4:

The judging panel is made up of a group of journalists and a professional photographer.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE (A)
📍 Location in Passage: Third paragraph. "Members of The Guardian travel writing team [journalists], and photographer Michael Ryan of Fotovue.com [professional photographer] will judge the monthly entries..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: هیئت داوران شامل تیم نویسندگی (روزنامه‌نگاران) و یک عکاس از Fotovue (یک عکاس/شرکت حرفه‌ای) است.
⭐ Key Learning Point: ترکیب هیئت داوران را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 5:

The trip to Swedish Lapland will only be offered to one winner.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE (A)
📍 Location in Passage: Fourth paragraph. "The overall winner (chosen from the 12 monthly winners) will go on an amazing four-night trip to Swedish Lapland."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: جایزه به "The overall winner" (مفرد) ارائه می‌شود.
⭐ Key Learning Point: به دنبال حروف تعریف معین مفرد برای تعیین انحصار باشید.

📝 Question 6:

Every activity on the trip is focused on improving photography techniques.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE (A)
📍 Location in Passage: Fourth paragraph. "The trip includes winter light photography workshops, an image editing workshop, a night photography course, and an action photography workshop."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: هر چهار فعالیت لیست شده به صراحت بر روی نوعی از عکاسی (تکنیک‌ها) تمرکز دارند.
⭐ Key Learning Point: همه مثال‌های ارائه شده را در برابر ادعای کلی بررسی کنید.

📝 Question 7:

Anyone going on the trip may take some of the cold weather clothing home at the end of the trip.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE (B)
📍 Location in Passage: Fifth paragraph. "Included in the prize: ...cold weather clothing for the duration of the trip – thermal overalls, winter boots, gloves, hats and woollen socks – fully qualified wilderness guides, and instructors."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: لباس برای "for the duration of the trip" (مدت سفر) ارائه می‌شود، که به این معنی است که باید بازگردانده شود، و با این ایده که می‌توانند آن را به خانه ببرند، در تضاد است.
⚠️ Potential Traps: فرض کردن که چون در جایزه گنجانده شده است، یک هدیه است.
⭐ Key Learning Point: مالکیت شرطی ("for the duration of") را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 8:

Articles written about the trip may be changed before being published.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE (A)
📍 Location in Passage: Sixth paragraph. "The Guardian reserves the right, however, to modify your report and photos as necessary."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: اصلاح گزارش به این معنی است که مقاله ممکن است تغییر یابد.
⭐ Key Learning Point: به دنبال حقوق صریح محفوظ شده توسط ناشر باشید.

📝 Question 9:

These headphones would suit someone who doesn’t mind spending a lot to get good quality.

🔹 Correct Answer: G
📍 Location in Passage: Headphones G (Powerbeats 2). "If money is not an issue, then these are definitely worth considering. They make everything sound so crisp and they’re so light and comfortable..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "If money is not an issue" (اگر پول مسئله‌ای نیست) به معنی هزینه زیاد است؛ صدای "crisp" و راحتی به معنی کیفیت خوب است.
⭐ Key Learning Point: سلب مسئولیت مالی را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 10:

The battery on these headphones has a surprisingly long life.

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: Headphones A (Plantronics Backbeat Fit). "...they will also last a remarkable eight hours on a single charge."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "Remarkable eight hours" (هشت ساعت قابل توجه) نشان‌دهنده یک عمر طولانی تعجب‌آور است.
⭐ Key Learning Point: به دنبال مدت زمان همراه با صفت مثبت باشید.

📝 Question 11:

It is possible to keep in contact with other people while using these headphones.

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: Headphones B (Sennheiser CX685 Sports). "...and have a handy remote and a mic for phone calls."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: یک میکروفون برای تماس‌های تلفنی، امکان تماس با افراد دیگر را فراهم می‌کند.
⭐ Key Learning Point: ویژگی‌های مرتبط با ارتباطات را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 12:

Although these headphones are cheaper than most, music sounds quite good through them.

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: Headphones E (Betron B7505). "If you’re on a tight budget... but with these you needn’t worry. Not only do they provide fair sound quality..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "Tight budget" (بودجه محدود) به معنی ارزان‌تر است؛ "fair sound quality" (کیفیت صدای منصفانه) به این معنی است که موسیقی نسبتاً خوب به نظر می‌رسد.
⭐ Key Learning Point: ترکیب مقرون به صرفه بودن و کیفیت قابل قبول را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 13:

These headphones are very strong and do not require gentle handling.

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: Headphones A (Plantronics Backbeat Fit). "These headphones are really tough so you don’t need to worry about just throwing them into your bag before or after a workout."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "Really tough" (واقعا سخت) و "don't need to worry about throwing them" (نیازی به نگرانی در مورد پرتاب آنها نیست) به معنی قوی بودن و عدم نیاز به جابجایی ملایم است.
⭐ Key Learning Point: به دنبال صفات و سناریوهای مرتبط با دوام باشید.

📝 Question 14:

These headphones allow users to move around their playlist of music easily while they are exercising.

🔹 Correct Answer: F
📍 Location in Passage: Headphones F (Happy Plugs). "They also come with a handy remote built into the cable to skip and pause songs with while you work out."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: کنترل از راه دور به کاربران این امکان را می‌دهد که "skip and pause songs" (حرکت در لیست پخش خود) را به راحتی انجام دهند.
⭐ Key Learning Point: عملکردهای کنترل از راه دور را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 15:

He talked to health and safety ___________ about the risks.

🔹 Correct Answer: representatives
📍 Location in Passage: Second paragraph. "Following this, he consulted the health and safety representatives of the cleaning service about these risks..."
⭐ Key Learning Point: پرسنل خاص مورد مشورت را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 16:

At a meeting, he talked to the client company about the policy of the company regarding ___________ (e.g. clear walkways)

🔹 Correct Answer: housekeeping
📍 Location in Passage: Third paragraph. "These included the client company’s own standard of housekeeping, such as the immediate clearing up of spills and keeping walkways clear..."
⭐ Key Learning Point: استانداردهای داخلی مشتری برای تمیزی را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 17:

procedures to be followed in case of a ___________

🔹 Correct Answer: fire
📍 Location in Passage: Third paragraph. "...as well as the action to be taken if a fire broke out."
⭐ Key Learning Point: روش اضطراری خاص مورد بحث را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 18:

facilities available to cleaners (e.g. space available for ___________ )

🔹 Correct Answer: storage
📍 Location in Passage: Third paragraph. "...including the amount of storage space available, as well as the availability of sinks and taps, etc."
⭐ Key Learning Point: منبع مرتبط با فضا را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 19:

a way of ___________ risks and hazards

🔹 Correct Answer: reporting
📍 Location in Passage: Third paragraph. "...and agreed on a method of reporting near-miss accidents and risks discovered by cleaners..."
⭐ Key Learning Point: فرآیند انتقال مسائل جدید را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 20:

He compared these to information that the HSE provided on its ___________.

🔹 Correct Answer: website
📍 Location in Passage: Fourth paragraph. "...compared these to the good practice guidance set out on the HSE’s website and identified any areas where improvement was needed."
⭐ Key Learning Point: منبع راهنمای رسمی را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 21:

He displayed a copy of the risk assessment inside a ___________ available to all cleaning staff.

🔹 Correct Answer: cupboard
📍 Location in Passage: Fifth paragraph. "...the manager pinned a copy in the cupboard where cleaning equipment was kept."
⭐ Key Learning Point: مکان فیزیکی سند را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 22:

Some companies prefer to interview job applicants digitally because of lower ___________.

🔹 Correct Answer: costs
📍 Location in Passage: First paragraph. "...organisations often reduce costs by conducting virtual job interviews."
⭐ Key Learning Point: منفعت مالی را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 23:

As with the standard recruitment process, virtual recruitment opens with ___________.

🔹 Correct Answer: screening
📍 Location in Passage: How a virtual interview is the same. "First, there is screening, lasting about thirty minutes."
⭐ Key Learning Point: اولین گام در فرآیند مصاحبه را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 24:

Applicants should read any details about the advertised post carefully and pick out important ___________ which they can discuss if necessary.

🔹 Correct Answer: topics
📍 Location in Passage: How a virtual interview is the same. "Identify what the critical topics are based on the job description and prepare to talk about them."
⭐ Key Learning Point: نقاط اصلی بحث را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 25:

It is a good idea for applicants to check if they can be clearly understood when they use a ___________.

🔹 Correct Answer: headset
📍 Location in Passage: How a virtual interview is different. "Test the headset too and find out how intelligible your voice sounds."
⭐ Key Learning Point: تجهیزات خاص نیازمند تست وضوح صدا را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 26:

Applicants may not be familiar with the ___________ that the person conducting the interview will use, so they should try it out.

🔹 Correct Answer: software
📍 Location in Passage: How a virtual interview is different. "It’s also wise to establish what software the interviewer is going to work with and give it a trial run."
⭐ Key Learning Point: برنامه‌ای که باید آزمایش شود را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 27:

It is very useful to go through a ___________ of the interview, with someone playing the part of the interviewer.

🔹 Correct Answer: rehearsal
📍 Location in Passage: How a virtual interview is different. "Have a friend conduct a rehearsal with you before the big day."
⭐ Key Learning Point: جلسه تمرین را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 28:

a summary of the different aspects of leadership that are covered in the study

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B. "In particular, Ucbasaran and Lockett focused on three specific areas of leadership activity: team formation, team coordination and team turnover."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: پاراگراف B سه حوزه کلیدی رهبری مورد بحث در مطالعه را لیست و نام می‌برد.
⭐ Key Learning Point: لیست صریح حوزه‌های تمرکز تحقیق را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 29:

a description of how band leaders sometimes passed on their leadership skills to others

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E. "...In some cases, in particular with Art Blakey, they actively encouraged and coached team members to become leaders."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: تشویق فعال و مربیگری اعضای تیم برای تبدیل شدن به رهبران، راهی برای انتقال مهارت‌های رهبری است.
⭐ Key Learning Point: به دنبال اقدامات خاص مرتبط با مربیگری برای رهبری باشید.

📝 Question 30:

a summary of the backgrounds of the band leaders chosen for the study

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B. "The authors decided to focus on three of the best known names in jazz – Duke Ellington, Miles Davis and Art Blakey. American composer Duke Ellington was a pioneering jazz orchestra leader... Trumpet player Miles Davis was instrumental... Jazz drummer Arthur ‘Art’ Blakey became famous as the leader of his band..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: پاراگراف B یک خلاصه کوتاه از سوابق (ساز، سبک پیشگام) سه رهبر را ارائه می‌دهد.
⭐ Key Learning Point: جزئیات مقدماتی افراد مورد مطالعه را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 31:

examples of ways in which one band leader encouraged his musicians to be more creative

🔹 Correct Answer: D
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D. "Miles Davis discouraged band members from rehearsing in case it led to musical cliches from over-practice. Similarly, he often asked his musicians to play a piece in an unusual key, so they did not rely on learned fingering patterns."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: اقدامات خاص دیویس (عدم تشویق به تمرین، کلید غیرمعمول) نمونه‌هایی از تشویق خلاقیت هستند.
⭐ Key Learning Point: به دنبال روش‌های خاص و غیرمتعارف مورد استفاده برای تحریک خلاقیت باشید.

📝 Question 32:

an overview of the main similarities between the work of business people and jazz musicians

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph A. "For a start, jazz bands are synonymous with creativity, improvisation and innovation, all essential ingredients for entrepreneurship. Jazz groups and their members often operate in uncertain and dynamic environments, characterised by rapid change."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: این پاراگراف ویژگی‌های مشترک (خلاقیت، بداهه‌نوازی، محیط پویا) بین جاز و کارآفرینی را لیست می‌کند.
⭐ Key Learning Point: ویژگی‌هایی را شناسایی کنید که مقایسه را توجیه می‌کنند.

📝 Question 33:

a description of two contrasting ways of leading a team

🔹 Correct Answer: D
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D. "Some leaders are very directive, detailing what tasks they want team members to perform... But that was not the approach Ellington, Davis and Blakey adopted. Instead, these leaders acted more as facilitators, empowering the musicians to collectively coordinate their behaviour..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: این بخش رویکرد "directive" (دستوری) را با رویکرد "facilitator" (تسهیل‌کننده/توانمندسازی) مقایسه می‌کند.
⭐ Key Learning Point: به دنبال ارائه صریح سبک‌های متضاد رهبری باشید.

📝 Question 34:

The study by Ucbasaran and Lockett was the first to compare the worlds of music and business.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE (B)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph A. "Ever since management expert Peter Drucker compared the job of Chief Executive Officer to that of an orchestra conductor, the business world has been exploring comparisons and inspirations from the world of music."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: مقایسه‌ها بین موسیقی و تجارت با پیتر دراکر آغاز شد. این مطالعه اولین نیست.
⭐ Key Learning Point: اولین منبع مقایسه ذکر شده را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 35:

One reason why jazz musicians were chosen for the research is because the setting in which they work is unpredictable.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE (A)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph A. "Jazz groups and their members often operate in uncertain and dynamic environments, characterised by rapid change."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "Uncertain and dynamic" (نامشخص و پویا) به معنی unpredictable (غیرقابل پیش‌بینی) است. متن این را به عنوان دلیلی برای انتخاب آنها لیست می‌کند.
⭐ Key Learning Point: ویژگی‌های محیط کار آنها را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 36:

The researchers decided to cover only certain aspects of leadership.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE (A)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B. "In particular, Ucbasaran and Lockett focused on three specific areas of leadership activity: team formation, team coordination and team turnover."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: تمرکز بر "three specific areas" به این معنی است که آنها تنها جنبه‌های خاصی را پوشش دادند، نه همه آنها.
⭐ Key Learning Point: محدودیت‌های خودتحمیلی مطالعه را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 37:

When assembling their teams, the band leaders all prioritised players

🔹 Correct Answer: C (who had an individual style of their own)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B. "In particular, they looked for musicians with a different sound or way of playing, one that was unique to that band member and would improve the overall sound of the band."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: آنها به دنبال نوازندگانی با صدای منحصر به فرد یا روش نوازندگی بودند، به این معنی که بازیکنانی را که سبک فردی خود را داشتند، اولویت دادند.
⚠️ Potential Traps: انتخاب A (مهارت فنی). این نیز مهم بود، اما ویژگی کلیدی مورد نظر صدای منحصر به فرد بود.
⭐ Key Learning Point: عامل منحصر به فرد اولویت داده شده بر مهارت فنی را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 38:

What obstacle might jazz leaders face in reducing destructive conflict among team members?

🔹 Correct Answer: A (They may also reduce productive conflict in the process)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C. "...this is difficult when the sources of productive and destructive conflict are the same; that is, differences in personality and thinking."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: دشواری در این است که به حداقل رساندن درگیری مخرب سخت است زمانی که منبع آن با درگیری مولد یکسان است، به این معنی که آنها ممکن است درگیری مولد را نیز در این فرآیند کاهش دهند.
⭐ Key Learning Point: منبع مشترک دو نوع درگیری را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 39:

What approach to group coordination was shared by Ellington, Davis, and Blakey?

🔹 Correct Answer: C (They provided a structure within which musicians could express themselves)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D. "All three leaders created a general framework within which team members could work, providing guidance but also the freedom to explore, express and make mistakes."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: آنها یک چارچوب کلی ایجاد کردند که ساختار و آزادی را فراهم می‌کرد. این با ارائه ساختاری که در آن نوازندگان می‌توانستند خود را بیان کنند مطابقت دارد.
⭐ Key Learning Point: تعادل بین ساختار و آزادی را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 40:

Ucbasaran and her colleagues found that the high turnover of members in jazz bands

🔹 Correct Answer: B (was welcomed by band leaders for the benefits it brought)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E. "Yet the high turnover of team members... was seen in a positive light. That was partly because of the advantages of getting a fresh shot of knowledge, ideas and creativity when new members joined."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: گردش مالی بالا در یک "positive light" (نور مثبت) دیده می‌شد به دلیل دانش، ایده‌ها و خلاقیت تازه‌ای که به همراه داشت.
⭐ Key Learning Point: دیدگاه مثبت در مورد گردش مالی بالا را شناسایی کنید.