تحلیل ریدینگ آیلتس جنرال کمبریج 15 - تست 3: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

مقدمه: بخش ریدینگ آیلتس جنرال، توانایی شما در درک متون کاربردی و روزمره را می‌سنجد. برای موفقیت در این بخش، باید با انواع مختلف متن و سوالات آشنا باشید و بتوانید اطلاعات مورد نیاز را به سرعت پیدا کنید. در این راهنما، تحلیل تست ۳ ریدینگ جنرال از کتاب آیلتس کمبریج ۱۵ (Cambridge IELTS 15) را به صورت جامع انجام می‌دهیم. هدف ما آموزش استراتژی‌های موثر برای مدیریت زمان و پاسخ‌دهی دقیق به سوالات متنوع این بخش، از جمله سوالات مربوط به تبلیغات، اطلاعیه‌ها و متون بلندتر است. با مطالعه این تحلیل، با ساختار آزمون بیشتر آشنا شده و با اعتماد به نفس بالاتری تمرین خواهید کرد. 

پالت ناوبری سوالات (Question Navigation)

SECTION 1: Fashion Competition & Keyboards

Young Fashion Designer UK Competition (Questions 1-7)

📝 Question 1: Participants are required to create a new item of clothing for the Young Fashion Designer UK competition.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "The competition is designed for students to enter the coursework they are currently working on rather than specifically producing different pieces of work."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states students should enter current coursework and do not have to produce new work specifically for the competition. This contradicts the requirement to "create a new item."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Students might focus on "add to your coursework," but the core rule is that a brand new item is not required.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Check limiting words like "required" against the specific rules provided in the text.

📝 Question 2: Participants must send information about the thoughts that led to the item they are entering for the competition.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3, Step 1. "You must include: – initial ideas about the clothing..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "Initial ideas about the clothing" are the thoughts that led to the item. This is listed as a mandatory inclusion.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a direct factual requirement.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Note the meaning of "must include" as a non-negotiable requirement.

📝 Question 3: The shortlist will consist of a fixed number of finalists.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Once the entry deadline has passed, the judges will select the shortlist of students who will be invited to the Finals."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text confirms that a shortlist of students will be selected, but it does not specify whether this number is fixed (e.g., exactly ten finalists).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Assuming "the shortlist" means a specific, pre-determined number.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Do not assume quantity ("fixed number") when the text only confirms existence ("the shortlist").

📝 Question 4: Finalists can choose how to present their work to the judges on their stand.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Each finalist will have their own stand consisting of a table and tabletop cardboard display panels. Feel free to add as much creativity to your stand as possible."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The encouragement to "Feel free to add as much creativity" suggests finalists can choose how to present their work beyond the basic table and panels.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The wording "feel free" is a clear indicator of choice.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify phrases that grant discretion or choice to the participant.

📝 Question 5: It is strongly recommended that finalists support their entry with additional photographs.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "...it should be emphasised that these may not necessarily improve your chances of success."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text mentions that some students bring additional images but explicitly warns that these "may not necessarily improve your chances of success." This contradicts the idea that they are strongly recommended.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing the mention of additional photographs with a recommendation to use them.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Read qualifying statements carefully. A disclaimer that something may not help contradicts a recommendation to use it.

📝 Question 6: Questions that the students ask the judges may count towards the final decisions.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "The judges will assess your work and will ask various questions about it... You are welcome to ask the judges questions. In fact, you should make the most of having experts on hand!"
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text confirms that students are welcome to ask questions. However, it does not state whether the act of asking questions or the quality of those questions will be factored into the judges' scoring or "final decisions."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The encouragement to "make the most of having experts on hand" might be mistaken for a scoring criterion.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Distinguish between a suggestion for personal benefit and a judging criterion.

📝 Question 7: Extra prizes may be awarded depending on the standard of the entries submitted.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "The judges can also decide to award special prizes if the work merits this."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "Special prizes" are "Extra prizes," and "if the work merits this" relates directly to the "standard of the entries submitted."
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a clear, conditional confirmation.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Note the conditional phrase: "if the work merits this" $\approx$ "depending on the standard."

Computer Keyboards (Questions 8-14 - Matching Features)

📝 Question 8: This keyboard may not suit users who prefer the keys to be almost silent.

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: Cherry MX 3.0 Keyboard (B). "It’s also rather loud though, which can take some getting used to."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Being "rather loud" means it will not suit users who prefer silent keys.
⚠️ Potential Traps: F is described as silent, which would be the opposite.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the explicit negative attribute related to sound.

📝 Question 9: This keyboard is easily portable because it can be made to fit into a small space.

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: Microsoft Universal Bluetooth Keyboard (E). "...you can fold it in half and carry it around in your jacket pocket or bag..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The ability to "fold it in half" and carry it in a pocket or bag is a clear description of being easily portable and able to fit into a small space.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a unique feature related to portability.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words indicating folding or compact carrying.

📝 Question 10: This keyboard includes a special place to put small devices.

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Logitech K780 (C). "There’s an integrated stand for smartphones and tablets too."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: An "integrated stand" for smartphones and tablets (small devices) is a special place to put them.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a clear feature of the K780.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the accessory feature of the product.

📝 Question 11: This keyboard is designed to prevent injury to those who spend a lot of time on the computer.

🔹 Correct Answer: D
📍 Location in Passage: Microsoft Sculpt Ergonomic (D). "It provides wrist support and lifts your forearms into a relaxed position so you don’t hurt yourself from typing for lengthy periods."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Preventing self-harm from typing for lengthy periods and providing wrist support is the design's purpose to prevent injury.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The word "Ergonomic" in the name is also a clue.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words related to comfort, support, or injury prevention.

📝 Question 12: This keyboard offers good value for money.

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: Logitech K120 (A). "Logitech’s K120 offers a number of extra features... For the price, it’s a tempting choice."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The phrase "For the price, it’s a tempting choice" is a direct commendation of the product's value for money.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a subjective assessment of cost vs. benefit.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify phrases that give a positive assessment of value.

📝 Question 13: This keyboard is primarily aimed at people who use their computer for entertainment.

🔹 Correct Answer: F
📍 Location in Passage: Corsair Strafe RGB Keyboard (F). "All this is because it’s designed for gamers."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Being "designed for gamers" means it is primarily aimed at people who use their computer for entertainment (gaming).
⚠️ Potential Traps: The last sentence says it's suitable for office work, but the preceding text clarifies its primary design purpose.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Distinguish between a primary purpose ("designed for") and a secondary suitability ("suitable for").

📝 Question 14: It shouldn’t take long for users to get used to the shape of the keys on this keyboard.

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Logitech K780 (C). "...and the circular keys are easy to familiarise yourself with..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The phrase "easy to familiarise yourself with" means it shouldn’t take long for users to get used to the keys.
⚠️ Potential Traps: E mentions the two-piece spacebar takes some getting used to. D mentions the build feels "weird." C is the only one stating the keys are easy to adapt to.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for phrases indicating ease of use/adaptation.

SECTION 2: Small Company Work & Starting a New Job

Working for a Small Company (Questions 15-20 - Sentence Completion)

📝 Question 15: In a small business it is easy to become familiar with colleagues and other departments.

🔹 Correct Answer: familiar
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "It won’t be long before you’re familiar with the staff and the departments that you need to deal with."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text directly states you'll become familiar with staff and departments quickly.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'staff' or 'departments'. The relationship is being familiar with them.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Extract the adjective describing the relationship.

📝 Question 16: You may find you have abilities you were not aware of.

🔹 Correct Answer: abilities
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "...which will allow you to identify abilities that you didn’t know you had."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Variety in work allows you to identify abilities you didn't know you had.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'opportunities' or 'workload'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the noun for the talent/skill discovered.

📝 Question 17: Finding that your work is stimulating will make you enjoy doing it.

🔹 Correct Answer: stimulating
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "This variety in your work will help to make it stimulating, so you have a good reason for getting out of bed in the morning."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text links the work being stimulating to enjoying it ("good reason for getting out of bed").
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'variety'. The enjoyment comes from the work being stimulating.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the quality of the work that leads to enjoyment.

📝 Question 18: Other people are likely to realise that you have potential.

🔹 Correct Answer: potential
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "You’ll have plenty of opportunity to show what you can do, and to have your potential noticed."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Your efforts are more likely to attract attention, leading to your potential being noticed (realized).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'attention' or 'efforts'. The quality that is noticed is potential.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Find the noun for the latent quality that attracts notice.

📝 Question 19: Opportunities for promotion will come sooner than in a larger business.

🔹 Correct Answer: promotion
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "The result is very likely to be that promotion comes to you faster."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text directly states that promotion comes faster.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a direct factual statement about career advancement.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Extract the noun that describes the career advancement.

📝 Question 20: You can benefit from a small company being more flexible than a large one.

🔹 Correct Answer: flexible
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "Small businesses are usually flexible, something that is rarely true of large organisations."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The benefit comes from the company being more flexible than a large one.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'adapt' or 'well managed'. The core adjective is flexible.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Find the key adjective describing the company's organizational trait.

Starting a New Job (Questions 21-27 - Matching Information)

📝 Question 21: the emotions that new employees are likely to experience at first

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C. "It can be a shock to join a new organisation. When you are a newcomer, feeling uncertain and perhaps a little confused..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The mention of feeling "uncertain and perhaps a little confused" directly refers to the emotions likely to be experienced by new employees.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for words that describe feelings or mental states.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words that describe feelings or mental states.

📝 Question 22: a warning to be patient at first

🔹 Correct Answer: F
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph F. "Don’t try to do the job too soon... But in your first few weeks your task is to learn what the job really is, rather than immediately starting to do what you assume it is."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The advice "Don’t try to do the job too soon" and the instruction to "learn what the job really is" is a clear warning to be patient and prioritize learning.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for cautionary phrases and instructions on prioritization of learning over action.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for cautionary phrases and instructions on prioritization of learning over action.

📝 Question 23: how colleagues might react to certain behaviour

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C. "Unfortunately, this will suggest that you have a high opinion of yourself, and that you think your old place was better. It has enormous power to annoy, so don’t do it."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The statement that talking about an old job "has enormous power to annoy" clearly describes how colleagues might react to that certain behavior.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify descriptions of the negative consequences of certain actions on others.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify descriptions of the negative consequences of certain actions on others.

📝 Question 24: travelling to your new workplace before you start working there

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph A. "If the route from home is unfamiliar to you, make a practice run first..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Making a "practice run first" means travelling to the workplace before you start working there.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for advice regarding preparation/logistics before the first day.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for advice regarding preparation/logistics before the first day.

📝 Question 25: an example of observing an activity carried out within an organisation

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E. "When I worked for a television company, all of us... were strongly encouraged to visit a studio and see how programmes were made."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Visiting a studio to see how programs are made is a specific example of observing an activity (core activity) within an organization.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for case studies or personal examples introduced by the writer ("When I worked for...").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for case studies or personal examples introduced by the writer ("When I worked for...").

📝 Question 26: some things that the organisation should arrange for when you begin

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B. "You should expect to have an induction programme planned for you: a security pass; visits...; meetings...; and someone to show you where everything is..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: This paragraph lists multiple items (security pass, visits, meetings) that the organization should arrange for as part of the induction program when the new employee begins.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the description of the onboarding process/induction program.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the description of the onboarding process/induction program.

📝 Question 27: a division of jobs within an organisation into two categories

🔹 Correct Answer: D
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D. "All employers have a core product or service... If you are not part of this core activity, remember that your role is to provide a service to the people who are part of it."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text divides all roles into people who are part of the "core activity" and those who are "not part of this core activity" (support roles). This creates a division of jobs into two categories.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for text that defines the essential function of a business and separates staff accordingly.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for text that defines the essential function of a business and separates staff accordingly.

SECTION 3: How Animals Keep Fit

How Animals Keep Fit (Questions 28-30 - Multiple Choice)

📝 Question 28: The writer discusses marathon runners and barnacle geese to introduce the idea that

🔹 Correct Answer: D. serious training is not always necessary for physical achievement.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraphs 1 & 2. Marathon runners train seriously but still hurt; barnacle geese "just basically sit on the water and eat a lot" but perform a 3,000 km migration (a massive physical achievement).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The contrast highlights that while humans require intensive training, some animals can achieve great physical feats with minimal preparation, supporting the idea that serious training is not always necessary.
⚠️ Potential Traps: B is incorrect; diet is mentioned as the goose's only activity, but the point is the lack of training.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Analyze the purpose of the opening anecdote/analogy: showing the contrast between human and animal fitness preparation.

📝 Question 29: The writer says that human muscles

🔹 Correct Answer: A. use up a lot of energy even when resting.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 8. "Each kilogram contributes about 10 to 15 kilocalories a day to our metabolism when resting..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text explicitly details the energy cost of muscle mass: "10 to 15 kilocalories a day to our metabolism when resting."
⚠️ Potential Traps: B is incorrect; the mass accounts for 40% of body mass, but the question asks about energy use.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific biological fact about muscle's energy consumption.

📝 Question 30: The writer says that in order to survive, early humans developed the ability to

🔹 Correct Answer: B. run long distances.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 10. "He argues that long ago on the African savannah, natural selection made us into ‘supremely adapted’ endurance athletes, capable of running prey into the ground and ranging over long distances with unusual efficiency."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The reference to humans as "endurance athletes" and capable of "running prey into the ground" (hunting over long distances) confirms they developed the ability to run long distances for survival.
⚠️ Potential Traps: C is incorrect; that is about adapting speed for longer, but the core ability is endurance (long distances).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Find the primary evolutionary adaptation mentioned (endurance running).

What is the key to physical fitness? (Questions 31-35 - Summary Completion)

📝 Question 31: In biological terms, when an animal is physically fit, its body changes, becoming more powerful and efficient.

🔹 Correct Answer: efficient
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "Biologically speaking, all it means is that the body has undergone changes that make it stronger and more efficient."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The definition of fitness includes becoming stronger and more efficient.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'stronger' (already implied).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the second adjective in the definition of physical fitness.

📝 Question 32: For bears, this change may be initially caused by colder weather or a lack of food, which during...

🔹 Correct Answer: food
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "In animals such as bears these changes appear to be triggered by cues such as falling temperatures or insufficient food."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The cues are falling temperatures or insufficient food (lack of food).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'cues' or 'temperatures'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the environmental trigger listed alongside temperature.

📝 Question 33: ...which during hibernation causes certain compounds to be released into their...

🔹 Correct Answer: hibernation
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "In the months of hibernation, these factors seem to prompt the release of muscle-protecting compounds..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The process of compound release occurs during hibernation.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'months'. The state is hibernation.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Find the period/biological state during which the change occurs.

📝 Question 34: ...causes certain compounds to be released into their blood and to travel around the body.

🔹 Correct Answer: blood
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "...compounds which are then carried to the bears’ muscles in their blood and prevent muscle loss."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The compounds are carried in the blood.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'muscles' (the destination) or 'compounds'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the means of transport within the body.

📝 Question 35: In the case of barnacle geese, the change may be due to a variation in temperature.

🔹 Correct Answer: temperature
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7. "Barnacle geese, Halsey suggests, may be responding to an environmental change such as temperature..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Halsey suggests the goose's cue may be an environmental change like temperature.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'change' or 'cue'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Find the environmental factor suggested for the geese.

Researchers and Statements (Questions 36-40 - Matching Statements)

📝 Question 36: One belief about how animals stay fit is possibly untrue.

🔹 Correct Answer: A. Lewis Halsey
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Halsey points out that this may not necessarily be the case. Take the house cat." (The belief is that exercise is connected to fitness from finding food and escaping predators, mentioned in paragraph 3).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Halsey is the one who questions the broader assumption (belief) about animal fitness being tied to exercise from hunting/escaping.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for the researcher who introduces a challenge to the prevailing assumption ("may not necessarily be the case").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the researcher who introduces a challenge to the prevailing assumption ("may not necessarily be the case").

📝 Question 37: It may not be possible to train all animals to improve their speed.

🔹 Correct Answer: D. Ross Tucker
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 12. "‘I don’t know that all animals are the same, performance-wise … and we don’t know whether training would enhance their ability,’ he says."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Tucker expresses doubt about whether training would enhance their ability (improve their speed/performance).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the researcher who expresses doubt about the effectiveness of training across the entire animal kingdom.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the researcher who expresses doubt about the effectiveness of training across the entire animal kingdom.

📝 Question 38: One type of bird has demonstrated fitness when exposed to a stimulus in experimental conditions.

🔹 Correct Answer: B. Chris Guglielmo
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7. "Chris Guglielmo... has studied the effect of subjecting migratory songbirds known as yellow-rumped warblers to changing hours of daylight... If they are subjected to the right daylight cycle, ‘we can... put them in the wind tunnel, and they fly for 10 hours.’"
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Guglielmo's experiment shows the warblers (one type of bird) flying for 10 hours (demonstrated fitness) when exposed to a stimulus (changing daylight hours) in a wind tunnel (experimental conditions).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for the description of a controlled experiment and its results.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the description of a controlled experiment and its results.

📝 Question 39: Human energy use developed in a different way from that of animals.

🔹 Correct Answer: C. Daniel Lieberman
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 9. "This makes us evolutionarily different from most other animals,’ says Lieberman. In general, animals merely need to be capable of short bouts of intense activity... Humans, on the other hand, needed to adapt to run slower, but for longer."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Lieberman explains the evolutionary difference: animals optimize for short bursts, while humans adapted for endurance, indicating a different evolutionary path for energy use.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the researcher who provides the evolutionary context and the main distinction between humans and other animals.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the researcher who provides the evolutionary context and the main distinction between humans and other animals.

📝 Question 40: One type of bird may develop more strength when the weather becomes warmer or cooler.

🔹 Correct Answer: A. Lewis Halsey
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7. "Barnacle geese, Halsey suggests, may be responding to an environmental change such as temperature..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Halsey suggests that barnacle geese (one type of bird) may respond to temperature (warmer or cooler weather change) as the cue for developing strength.
⚠️ Potential Traps: B mentions warblers being exposed to changing hours of daylight, not temperature.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Match the specific researcher to the specific bird and environmental cue hypothesis.