تحلیل ریدینگ آیلتس جنرال کمبریج 15 - تست 4: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

مقدمه: بخش ریدینگ آیلتس جنرال، توانایی شما در درک متون کاربردی و روزمره را می‌سنجد. برای موفقیت در این بخش، باید با انواع مختلف متن و سوالات آشنا باشید و بتوانید اطلاعات مورد نیاز را به سرعت پیدا کنید. در این راهنما، تحلیل تست ۴ ریدینگ جنرال از کتاب آیلتس کمبریج ۱۵ (Cambridge IELTS 15) را به صورت جامع انجام می‌دهیم. هدف ما آموزش استراتژی‌های موثر برای مدیریت زمان و پاسخ‌دهی دقیق به سوالات متنوع این بخش، از جمله سوالات مربوط به تبلیغات، اطلاعیه‌ها و متون بلندتر است. با مطالعه این تحلیل، با ساختار آزمون بیشتر آشنا شده و با اعتماد به نفس بالاتری تمرین خواهید کرد. 

پالت ناوبری سوالات (Question Navigation)

SECTION 1: Cycle Path & Thornley College

New Cycle Path (Questions 1-7 - Matching Information)

📝 Question 1: what still needs to be done

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E. "Although the path is now open, work is continuing to improve the signs along it... New hedges and trees will also be planted..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text specifies work that is "continuing to improve" and things that "will also be planted," indicating what still needs to be done despite the path being open.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for words that indicate ongoing or future tasks ("continuing," "will also be planted").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words that indicate ongoing or future tasks ("continuing," "will also be planted").

📝 Question 2: the original suggestion for creating the path

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C. "Cycle Atherton proposed the 12-kilometre-long cycle path initially..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The statement that Cycle Atherton "proposed the... cycle path initially" identifies the source of the original suggestion.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for words indicating initiation or proposal ("proposed," "initially").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words indicating initiation or proposal ("proposed," "initially").

📝 Question 3: a reason why the path opened early

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B. "The cycle path was completed ahead of schedule – partly thanks to perfect weather for construction – and under budget."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text provides "perfect weather for construction" as a reason why the path opened early ("completed ahead of schedule").
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for the phrase "ahead of schedule" followed by the explanatory "thanks to" or "partly thanks to."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the phrase "ahead of schedule" followed by the explanatory "thanks to" or "partly thanks to."

📝 Question 4: people who no longer need to get to the park by car

🔹 Correct Answer: D
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D. "...it is also suitable for users of wheelchairs, mobility scooters and buggies, who have not previously had access to the park without using motor vehicles."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text lists specific people (wheelchair/buggy users) who previously needed motor vehicles but now have access via the path, meaning they no longer need to get to the park by car.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Match the user groups listed to the previous necessity of motor vehicles.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Match the user groups listed to the previous necessity of motor vehicles.

📝 Question 5: the route of the path

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph A. "It avoids the main road... and keeps mainly to less busy roads. Once the path leaves the built-up area, it goes through countryside until it reaches Marshbrook."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph describes the path's route by listing what it avoids (main road) and what it goes through (less busy roads, countryside).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for words describing location, movement, or direction ("avoids," "keeps to," "goes through").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words describing location, movement, or direction ("avoids," "keeps to," "goes through").

📝 Question 6: the length of the path

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C. "Cycle Atherton proposed the 12-kilometre-long cycle path initially..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The length of the path, 12 kilometres, is mentioned in this paragraph.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Scan for numerical measurements related to distance.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Scan for numerical measurements related to distance.

📝 Question 7: who paid for the path

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B. "Funding for the cycle path has come largely from the country and town councils, while almost a third of it was raised through crowdfunding."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph lists the sources of funding: country and town councils and crowdfunding.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for words related to financing or cost ("funding," "raised," "budget").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words related to financing or cost ("funding," "raised," "budget").

Thornley College (Questions 8-14 - True/False/Not Given)

📝 Question 8: The college has introduced new courses since it opened.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1. "For fifty years we have been providing top-quality courses for actors, directors, producers, musicians and everyone else who wishes to work professionally..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text lists the types of courses offered and states they have been provided for fifty years. It does not mention whether they have added or introduced any entirely new courses since the college's opening.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The text mentions new developments (Theatre 500, new building), but not new courses.
⭐ Key Learning Point: NOT GIVEN when a specific change over time (introducing new courses) is not mentioned.

📝 Question 9: The college provides training for work in the film industry.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1. "We also have expertise in preparing students for the specialised requirements of TV, film and radio."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text explicitly mentions preparing students for the requirements of "film," confirming they provide training for this industry.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a direct factual confirmation.
⭐ Key Learning Point: This is a direct factual confirmation.

📝 Question 10: Students have the chance to work with relevant professionals.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "...we also collaborate with some of the country’s best directors, writers and actors to create challenging, inspiring and exciting projects with our students."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Collaborating with "best directors, writers and actors" on projects with students means students have the chance to work with relevant professionals.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Recognize synonyms: "collaborate with" $\approx$ "work with"; "directors/writers/actors" $\approx$ "relevant professionals."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Recognize synonyms: "collaborate with" $\approx$ "work with"; "directors/writers/actors" $\approx$ "relevant professionals."

📝 Question 11: Many more people apply to study at the college than are accepted.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "Every year, we receive two thousand applications for the one hundred places on our degree courses."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Two thousand applications for one hundred places means twenty times more people apply than are accepted, confirming that many more people apply than are accepted.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Use the numerical data to confirm the ratio claimed in the statement.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Use the numerical data to confirm the ratio claimed in the statement.

📝 Question 12: Theatre 500 was created by students.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Theatre 500. Written by two staff members especially for this occasion..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states the production was "Written by two staff members," contradicting the statement that it was created by students.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the author/creator explicitly stated in the text.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the author/creator explicitly stated in the text.

📝 Question 13: The new building and the council building were designed by the same architects.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "Our new premises are now under construction in the heart of Thornley, next to the council building... For the last two years, we have been developing designs with Miller Furbank Architects for our new home, and one aim has been to ensure the buildings complement the council offices."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text names the architects for the new premises (Miller Furbank) and notes the new design will complement the council offices, but it never names the architects of the council building or states they are the same.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The mention of "complement" and the adjacent location is a distractor.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Do not assume a detail (same architect) based on proximity or aesthetic requirement ("complement").

📝 Question 14: Local groups will be charged for using college premises.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "...and considering how we can bring cost-free benefits to the local community... part of the space in the new buildings has been designed to accommodate classes, performances and workshops for different-sized groups of local people."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The plan is to bring "cost-free benefits" (meaning no charge) to the local community, which includes using the new spaces. This contradicts the statement that they will be charged.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for synonyms for "free of charge" (cost-free) to verify or contradict financial claims.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for synonyms for "free of charge" (cost-free) to verify or contradict financial claims.

SECTION 2: Enjoyable Workday & Promotion

Enjoyable Working Day (Questions 15-20 - Sentence Completion)

📝 Question 15: Bringing a personal photo to work will make the place feel more homely.

🔹 Correct Answer: photo
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "Get some green plants or a family photo for your desk."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text lists a photo as a personal touch that makes the environment feel like yours (homely).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'plants' (already implied).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Complete the list with the missing example.

📝 Question 16: It is important to check the position of all screens before use to avoid pulling any muscles.

🔹 Correct Answer: screens
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "Make sure any screens you have are at a suitable height so you’re not straining your neck and shoulders."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text advises checking the height of screens to avoid straining (pulling muscles in) the neck and shoulders.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'height' or 'neck'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the object whose position must be checked.

📝 Question 17: Leaving the office in the middle of the day may help to raise productivity later on.

🔹 Correct Answer: productivity
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "Humans need a change of environments every now and then to improve productivity."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: A change of environment (leaving the office at lunchtime) is said to improve productivity (raise productivity).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'environments' or 'walk'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the benefit of the change in environment.

📝 Question 18: It is advisable to avoid checking a mobile during breaks.

🔹 Correct Answer: mobile
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "...so leave your mobile alone!"
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The advice to leave your mobile alone during breaks means avoiding checking it.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'coffee' or 'colleague'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific item to be ignored during breaks.

📝 Question 19: Getting involved in gossip at work may have negative results.

🔹 Correct Answer: gossip
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Another tip is to try and stay out of office gossip. In the long run it could get you in more trouble than you realise."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Staying out of office gossip is advised because it could lead to trouble (negative results).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'trouble' or 'office'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the negative behavior to avoid.

📝 Question 20: Having a few snacks available can help people concentrate better at work.

🔹 Correct Answer: snacks
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "If you can, keep some healthy snacks in your desk because if you have something you can nibble on, it will make you work more effectively..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Keeping healthy snacks is linked to working more effectively (concentrating better).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'hunger' or 'water'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the item of food recommended for concentration.

Getting Promoted (Questions 21-27 - Notes Completion)

📝 Question 21: – First step: examine past successes and any skills that would help gain promotion

🔹 Correct Answer: skills
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "Take an honest look at yourself – your achievements and also your skills, particularly those you could exploit to take on a different role."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The self-examination should cover achievements and skills.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'achievements'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the second element of the required self-assessment.

📝 Question 22: – how best to use your high level of commitment in future

🔹 Correct Answer: commitment
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "ask for a meeting to discuss your serious commitment to the organisation and how this could translate into a more defined career plan."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The discussion with the boss should include the serious commitment to the organization.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'career plan' or 'organisation'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Find the quality that demonstrates dedication to the employer.

📝 Question 23: – or how much extra value you already bring to the company

🔹 Correct Answer: value
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "...a more deliberate focus on increasing your boss’s understanding of the work you do and the added value you deliver."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The alternative focus is on the added value you deliver.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'work'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the benefit/contribution brought to the company.

📝 Question 24: – find out which ones will be members of the panel who decide on the promotion

🔹 Correct Answer: panel
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Who would be on the interview panel and whose opinion and input would they seek?"
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The decision-makers are part of the interview panel.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'input' or 'opinion'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the formal group making the decision.

📝 Question 25: – consider how much they are aware of your potential for the future

🔹 Correct Answer: potential
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "...and perhaps most importantly, your potential."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The key thing decision-makers need to know is your potential for the future.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'contribution'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the future-oriented quality that must be known.

📝 Question 26: – participating in the organisation of events for customers

🔹 Correct Answer: organisation
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "If they arrange regular client events, get involved in the organisation of them."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The suggested activity is getting involved in the organisation of events.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'events' or 'client'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the activity noun that describes involvement in events.

📝 Question 27: – take any courses that fill in gaps in knowledge

🔹 Correct Answer: courses
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "...enrol on some relevant courses that fit around your day job."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The advice for enhancing experience is to enrol on relevant courses.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'theory' or 'management'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the educational resource recommended.

SECTION 3: Animals and Morality

Wolf Pack Behaviour (Questions 28-32 - Summary Completion)

📝 Question 28: Wolves live in packs and it is clear that there are a number of rules concerning their behaviour.

🔹 Correct Answer: rules
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Wolves live in tight-knit social groups that are regulated by strict rules."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states that their social groups are regulated by strict rules.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'packs' or 'groups'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Find the noun for the governing constraints.

📝 Question 29: Some observers believe they exhibit a sense of fairness.

🔹 Correct Answer: fairness
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Wolves also demonstrate fairness."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text directly states that wolves demonstrate fairness.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'play' or 'roles'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Find the abstract moral concept demonstrated.

📝 Question 30: They act as if they are submissive to the juniors and even permit some gentle...

🔹 Correct Answer: submissive
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "They pretend to be submissive and go so far as to allow biting..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Dominant wolves pretend to be submissive when playing with lower-ranking wolves.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'dominant' (the role they usually are).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Find the adjective describing the adopted role.

📝 Question 31: ...and even permit some gentle biting.

🔹 Correct Answer: biting
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "...and go so far as to allow biting by the lower-ranking wolves, provided it is not too hard."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: They permit gentle biting during play.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'play' or 'gentle'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Find the specific physical action permitted.

📝 Question 32: What is even more surprising is that when one of the juniors gets too forceful, it bends down begging for forgiveness.

🔹 Correct Answer: forgiveness
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Astonishingly, if an animal becomes aggressive, it will perform a ‘play bow’ to ask forgiveness before play resumes."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The "play bow" is performed to ask for forgiveness.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'bow' or 'resumes'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Find the abstract noun for the social request.

Animals and Morality (Questions 33-37 - Matching Animals)

📝 Question 33: coyotes

🔹 Correct Answer: E. may be driven away by their peers if they do not obey the moral code
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "Among coyotes, cubs which are too aggressive are ignored by the rest of the group and often end up having to leave entirely."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Being ignored and having to leave entirely is equivalent to being driven away for not obeying the social code (being too aggressive).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Match the consequence of social exclusion/expulsion to the animal.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Match the consequence of social exclusion/expulsion to the animal.

📝 Question 34: domestic dogs

🔹 Correct Answer: C. sometimes share treats with a peer
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "Experiments with domestic dogs, where one animal was given some ‘sweets’ and another wasn’t, have shown that they possess a sense of fairness as they allowed their companion to eat some."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Allowing their companion to eat some of the sweets/treats means they sometimes share treats.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Match the experimental result of sharing to the animal.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Match the experimental result of sharing to the animal.

📝 Question 35: elephants

🔹 Correct Answer: G. may help a different type of animal which is in difficulty
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "In 2003, a herd of 11 elephants rescued antelopes which were being held inside an enclosure..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Rescuing antelopes (a different species) from an enclosure matches helping a different type of animal which is in difficulty.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for the action involving interspecies altruism.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the action involving interspecies altruism.

📝 Question 36: Diana monkeys

🔹 Correct Answer: D. may assist a peer who is failing to complete a task
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7. "A male who had become skilled at the task was found to be helping the oldest female, who had not learned how to do it... picked up tokens she dropped and inserted them into the slot and allowed her to have the food."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The male assisted the female who was struggling to complete the task of inserting the token for food.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Match the example of assistance in a learned task to the animal.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Match the example of assistance in a learned task to the animal.

📝 Question 37: rats

🔹 Correct Answer: F. seem unwilling to benefit from something that hurts their peers
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 8. "Experiments with rats have shown that they will not take food if they know their actions will cause pain to another rat... The rats with the food stopped eating rather than see this happen."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The rats stopped eating (unwilling to benefit from the food) because it caused pain (hurt) to their peers.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Match the action of self-deprivation to prevent harm to the animal.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Match the action of self-deprivation to prevent harm to the animal.

Animals and Morality (Questions 38-40 - Multiple Choice)

📝 Question 38: What view is expressed by Professor de Waal?

🔹 Correct Answer: C. Some human moral beliefs developed from our animal ancestors.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "...human morality incorporates a set of psychological tendencies and capacities such as empathy, reciprocity, a desire for co-operation and harmony that are older than our species. Human morality was not formed from scratch, but grew out of our primate psychology."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: De Waal states that human morality's underlying capacities are "older than our species" and "grew out of our primate psychology" (animal ancestors).
⚠️ Potential Traps: A is incorrect; he doesn't believe animals are moral "in the sense we humans are."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the core argument regarding the evolutionary roots of morality.

📝 Question 39: Why does Professor Bekoff mention the experiment on Diana monkeys?

🔹 Correct Answer: D. It illustrates a point he wants to make about monkeys and other creatures.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7. "As there was no benefit for the male monkey, Professor Bekoff argues that this is a clear example of an animal’s actions being driven by some internal moral compass."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The experiment is presented as a "clear example" that supports Bekoff's theory of animals having an internal moral compass (a point he wants to make about monkeys and, by extension, other creatures in his book).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The text clearly presents the Diana monkey story as evidence for Bekoff's claim.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the purpose of an anecdote provided by a researcher (it serves as evidence/illustration).

📝 Question 40: What does the writer find most surprising about chimpanzees?

🔹 Correct Answer: B. They appear to treat disabled peers with consideration.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 9. "A chimpanzee known as Knuckles is the only known captive chimpanzee to suffer from cerebral palsy... What is extraordinary is that scientists have observed other chimpanzees interacting with him differently and he is rarely subjected to intimidating displays of aggression from older males."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The writer highlights the special treatment of the disabled chimpanzee Knuckles, specifically noting that he is rarely subjected to aggression. This respectful/protective interaction is what the writer calls "extraordinary" (most surprising/remarkable).
⚠️ Potential Traps: C is incorrect; that is said to be "not remarkable."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the author's subjective assessment ("extraordinary," "surprising," "remarkable") to determine what they find most notable.