تحلیل ریدینگ آیلتس جنرال کمبریج 16 - تست 1: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

مقدمه: بخش ریدینگ آیلتس جنرال، توانایی شما در درک متون کاربردی و روزمره را می‌سنجد. برای موفقیت در این بخش، باید با انواع مختلف متن و سوالات آشنا باشید و بتوانید اطلاعات مورد نیاز را به سرعت پیدا کنید. در این راهنما، تحلیل تست ۱ ریدینگ جنرال از کتاب آیلتس کمبریج ۱۶ (Cambridge IELTS 16) را به صورت جامع انجام می‌دهیم. هدف ما آموزش استراتژی‌های موثر برای مدیریت زمان و پاسخ‌دهی دقیق به سوالات متنوع این بخش، از جمله سوالات مربوط به تبلیغات، اطلاعیه‌ها و متون بلندتر است. با مطالعه این تحلیل، با ساختار آزمون بیشتر آشنا شده و با اعتماد به نفس بالاتری تمرین خواهید کرد. 

پالت ناوبری سوالات (Question Navigation)

SECTION 1: Optional Subjects & Ripton Festival

Optional Subjects (Questions 1-6 - Matching Features)

📝 Question 1: This pupil is interested in the subject despite the way it is taught.

🔹 Correct Answer: D
📍 Location in Passage: Violeta (D). "I find it fascinating... though I think we spend too much time listening to her: I’d like to meet more people working in the sector, and learn from their experience."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Violeta is fascinated by the subject (interest) but dislikes the passive teaching method ("spend too much time listening to her"), wanting more practical learning.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for contrasting opinions within a single comment (e.g., "fascinating" + "though I think...").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for contrasting opinions within a single comment (e.g., "fascinating" + "though I think...").

📝 Question 2: This pupil is hoping to have a career that makes use of the subject.

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: Lucy (B). "My plan is to study history at university, and maybe go into the diplomatic service, so l can apply a knowledge of history."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Lucy explicitly states her career plan (diplomatic service) and the direct way her subject (history) will be used.
⚠️ Potential Traps: D also discusses work (parents' work), but B is the only one stating their own definite career plan using the subject.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for phrases expressing future plans or intentions related to the subject ("My plan is to...").

📝 Question 3: This pupil finds the subject harder than they expected.

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Mark (C). "...when I started doing it at school, I didn’t think I’d have any problem with it, but I was quite wrong!"
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Mark expected to have no problem (easy), but found he was wrong (harder than expected).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for a statement of initial assumption followed by a clear reversal/contradiction ("I was quite wrong!").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for a statement of initial assumption followed by a clear reversal/contradiction ("I was quite wrong!").

📝 Question 4: This pupil finds the lessons very entertaining.

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: Walid (E). "I needn’t have worried, though – our teacher gets us to do lots of fun things, so there’s no risk of getting bored."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The phrase "lots of fun things" and "no risk of getting bored" confirms the lessons are very entertaining.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for synonyms for enjoyment and engagement ("fun things," "no risk of getting bored").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for synonyms for enjoyment and engagement ("fun things," "no risk of getting bored").

📝 Question 5: This pupil appreciates the benefit of doing challenging work.

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: Krishnan (A). "Mr Peckham really pushes us, and offers us extra assignments, to help us improve. That’s good for me, because otherwise I’d be quite lazy."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Krishnan appreciates the demanding nature ("pushes us," "extra assignments") because it helps him improve and counteracts his laziness, showing he appreciates the benefit of challenging work.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Match the student's positive assessment ("That's good for me") to the demanding action ("pushes us," "extra assignments").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Match the student's positive assessment ("That's good for me") to the demanding action ("pushes us," "extra assignments").

📝 Question 6: This pupil has realised the connection between two things.

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: Lucy (B). "...it’s fascinating to see how what we learn about the past is relevant to what’s going on in the world now."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Lucy realized the connection/relevance between the past (one thing) and the current world/politics (the other thing).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for phrases indicating relevance or link between two time periods or subjects.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for phrases indicating relevance or link between two time periods or subjects.

Ripton Festival (Questions 7-14 - True/False/Not Given)

📝 Question 7: The festival is held every year.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1. "Ever since last year’s festival, the committee has been hard at work..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The phrase "Ever since last year’s festival" implies that the festival is an annual event.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for time markers that suggest repetition or recurrence (e.g., "As usual," "Ever since last year's festival").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for time markers that suggest repetition or recurrence (e.g., "As usual," "Ever since last year's festival").

📝 Question 8: This year’s festival focuses on the town’s history.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1. "The theme is Ripton through the ages. Scenes will be acted out showing how the town has developed since it was first established."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The theme "Ripton through the ages" and the planned activities (showing how the town developed) confirm the focus on the town's history.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Match the general theme to the specific subject.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Match the general theme to the specific subject.

📝 Question 9: Goods displayed in the craft fair are unlike ones found in shops.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "Come and meet professional artists, designers and craftsmen... They’ll also take orders, so if you want one of them to make something especially for you, just ask!"
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text describes the artists and custom orders, implying the goods are unique or artistic. However, it does not explicitly compare them to goods found in shops or state that they are unlike them.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Assuming that professional/artisan goods are automatically unlike those in general shops.
⭐ Key Learning Point: NOT GIVEN when a specific comparison (unlike those in shops) is missing.

📝 Question 10: The barbecue will be cancelled if it rains.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "The barbecue will be held in Palmer’s Field, or in the town hall if there’s rain."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text provides an alternative indoor location (town hall) if there is rain, which contradicts the statement that it will be cancelled.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Check for contingency plans that contradict the statement's absolute claim (cancelled).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Check for contingency plans that contradict the statement's absolute claim (cancelled).

📝 Question 11: Adults can attend the barbecue at any time without charge.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "Entry for under 16s is free all day; adults can come for free until 6 pm and pay £5 after that."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Adults are free only until 6 pm, and must pay £5 after that. This contradicts the statement that they can attend "at any time without charge."
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Pay attention to time restrictions and conditional fees.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay attention to time restrictions and conditional fees.

📝 Question 12: Amateur musicians will perform during the whole of the barbecue.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "There’ll be live music throughout, with local amateur bands in the afternoon and professional musicians in the evening."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The amateur bands play only in the afternoon, while professional musicians take over in the evening. This contradicts the statement that amateurs will perform during the whole of the barbecue (which runs until 10 pm).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Check the time segments provided for different performers.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Check the time segments provided for different performers.

📝 Question 13: Seating is available for watching the boat races.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "The spectator area by the bridge has plenty of room to stand and cheer the boats home, in addition to a number of benches."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text mentions "a number of benches" in the spectator area. Benches provide seating.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Recognize synonyms: "benches" $\approx$ "seating is available."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Recognize synonyms: "benches" $\approx$ "seating is available."

📝 Question 14: People attending the festival will be asked to donate some money.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "All money raised by the festival will go to support the sports clubs in Ripton."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states where the money raised will go. It does not mention whether attendees will be asked to donate money beyond the £5 fee for adults after 6 pm.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Assuming "money raised" means general donations are requested.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The text must explicitly mention the request/solicitation for donations for the statement to be TRUE.

SECTION 2: Farm Injuries & Customer Service

Reducing Injuries on the Farm (Questions 15-20 - Table Completion)

📝 Question 15: Lifting sacks of fertilizer

🔹 Correct Answer: fertilizer
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "...moving 5O-kilogramme fertilizer bags from one site to another..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Fertilizer bags are given as an example of a heavy load.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the noun that describes the contents of the heavy bags.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the noun that describes the contents of the heavy bags.

📝 Question 16: Lifting a restless animal

🔹 Correct Answer: animal
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "If a load is bulky or hard to grasp, such as a lively or agitated animal, it will be more difficult to hold while lifting and carrying."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: A lively or agitated animal is given as an example of a load that is difficult to grasp (awkward posture risk).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the living example of a difficult load.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the living example of a difficult load.

📝 Question 17: Moving something around a big obstacle

🔹 Correct Answer: obstacle
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "...a large obstacle in the area and the person lifting needs to be able to see where their feet are going."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: An obstacle in the area forces the load to be held away from the body (awkward posture risk).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the thing in the environment that makes lifting awkward.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the thing in the environment that makes lifting awkward.

📝 Question 18: Buy particular aids to help with support

🔹 Correct Answer: aids
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "...handling aids should be purchased that can take the weight off the load and minimize the potential for injury."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The reduction measure is to purchase handling aids.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the noun for the support equipment.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the noun for the support equipment.

📝 Question 19: A lot of bending while working

🔹 Correct Answer: bending
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Another risk that relates to awkward posture is repetitive bending when carrying out a task."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Repetitive bending is the risk factor being discussed in the paragraph.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the verb that describes the repetitive movement.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the verb that describes the repetitive movement.

📝 Question 20: Fixing a fallen gate

🔹 Correct Answer: gate
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "An example might be repairing a gate that has collapsed onto the ground."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Repairing a gate is the example activity for repetitive bending.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the specific item being repaired.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific item being repaired.

Good Customer Service in Retail (Questions 21-27 - Sentence Completion)

📝 Question 21: A proactive approach to selling is fine as long as you do not irritate the customer.

🔹 Correct Answer: proactive
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "...be proactive in offering help without being annoying."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text advises being proactive in offering help, provided it isn't annoying (irritating).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Find the adjective describing the recommended selling approach.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Find the adjective describing the recommended selling approach.

📝 Question 22: Recommend additional products and special offers without being too forceful.

🔹 Correct Answer: special offers
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "Suggest a product that naturally accompanies what the customer is considering or point out products for which there are special offers..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The things to recommend are accompanying products and special offers.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Complete the list of sales techniques that should be used subtly.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Complete the list of sales techniques that should be used subtly.

📝 Question 23: Know how to compare similar products which have different brand names.

🔹 Correct Answer: brand names
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "Build up a comprehensive knowledge of all the products... including the pros and cons of product s that are alike but that have been produced under a range of brand names."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Knowledge should cover products under a range of brand names.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the key differentiation between similar products.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the key differentiation between similar products.

📝 Question 24: Avoid negativity by always saying more than ‘no’.

🔹 Correct Answer: negativity
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "Negativity can put customers off instantly. If a customer asks a question to which the answer is ‘no’, do not just leave it at that – follow it with a positive..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text warns against negativity and provides the solution (following 'no' with a positive).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the negative quality that should be avoided.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the negative quality that should be avoided.

📝 Question 25: Keep an eye on the presentation of goods on the shelves.

🔹 Correct Answer: presentation
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "This attention to presentation keeps the shop tidy, giving the right impression to your customers."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Putting items back where they belong maintains attention to presentation and keeps the shop tidy.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the general concept of how goods appear.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the general concept of how goods appear.

📝 Question 26: If a customer has problems paying with their credit card handle the problem with care.

🔹 Correct Answer: credit card
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "...if the customer’s credit card is declined at the till, keep your voice down and enquire about an alternative payment method quietly..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The example of a payment problem is a declined credit card.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the specific payment method mentioned.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific payment method mentioned.

📝 Question 27: Any rudeness from a customer should not affect how you treat them.

🔹 Correct Answer: rudeness
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "Treat each person with respect at all times, even when you are faced with rudeness."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The negative behaviour from a customer that should be met with respect is rudeness.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the negative customer action that should not be reciprocated.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the negative customer action that should not be reciprocated.

SECTION 3: Plastic is No Longer Fantastic

Plastic is No Longer Fantastic (Questions 28-34 - Matching Headings)

📝 Question 28: Paragraph A

🔹 Correct Answer: vi. A disturbing experience
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph A. Discusses Ferrando being profoundly affected and left angry by the artwork that exposed plastic waste in the ocean.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The description of the artwork's emotional impact ("profoundly affected," "angry") fits the heading A disturbing experience.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for words expressing strong emotional reaction or impact.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words expressing strong emotional reaction or impact.

📝 Question 29: Paragraph B

🔹 Correct Answer: iv. Two inventions and some physical details
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B. Mentions the foldable bicycle helmet and details the new glass water bottle (stretchy silicone strap, magnetic closure, app).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph introduces two inventions (helmet, bottle) and provides the physical details of the bottle.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for descriptions of multiple products and their design features.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for descriptions of multiple products and their design features.

📝 Question 30: Paragraph C

🔹 Correct Answer: ii. The reasons why Ferrando’s product is needed
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C. Details the problem: $100 billion bottled water business, 81 percent of bottles not recycled, environmental estimates of more plastic than fish by 2050.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: This section establishes the vast environmental problem caused by plastic bottles, which justifies the need for his reusable bottle.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for statistics or dire predictions that establish the scale of the problem.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for statistics or dire predictions that establish the scale of the problem.

📝 Question 31: Paragraph D

🔹 Correct Answer: viii. Looking back at why water was bottled
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D. Discusses the shift three decades ago to "conspicuous consumption" where "anything could be turned into a commodity," leading to water becoming a consumer item, sold in plastic bottles.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph explains the social and economic conditions of the late 20th century that led to the bottling and commodification of water.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for historical context and explanations for a past consumer trend.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for historical context and explanations for a past consumer trend.

📝 Question 32: Paragraph E

🔹 Correct Answer: v. The contrasting views of different generations
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E. Contrasts "conspicuous extravagance" (undesirable now) with millennials preferring refillable bottles and Thermos bottles being "ultra cool." It then contrasts this trend with the views of "anyone over the age of 40" and "teenagers in the 1970s."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph is structured around a contrast in consumer attitudes across different generations (millennials vs. older people/1970s teenagers).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for explicit comparisons between age groups or historical periods.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for explicit comparisons between age groups or historical periods.

📝 Question 33: Paragraph F

🔹 Correct Answer: i. A time when opportunities were limited
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph F. "If an entrepreneur had wanted to fund a smart invention a few decades ago, he or she would have had to either raise a bank loan, borrow money from a family member or use a credit card."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: This describes a historical period where funding options for entrepreneurs were restricted to a few difficult methods, fitting A time when opportunities were limited.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for historical comparisons regarding access to capital/funding.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for historical comparisons regarding access to capital/funding.

📝 Question 34: Paragraph G

🔹 Correct Answer: iii. A no-risk solution
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph G. Describes Ferrando's crowdfunding method where none of the donors has a stake in his idea, nor does he have any debt. It's presented as a pre-sale that tests demand, avoiding traditional business risks.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The method described allows Ferrando to raise capital, test demand, and avoid debt/equity stakes, making it a no-risk solution compared to loans or credit cards.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for the methodology that minimizes financial or legal liability.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the methodology that minimizes financial or legal liability.

Plastic is No Longer Fantastic (Questions 35-37 - Multiple Choice)

📝 Question 35: What does Ferrando say about his glass water bottle?

🔹 Correct Answer: D. He wants people to be proud to show it.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C. "We are trying to create a sense that being environmentally sophisticated is a status symbol,' he adds. 'We want people to clip their bottles onto what they are wearing, to show that they are recycling – and to look cool.’"
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Wanting people to clip their bottles onto their clothing to show they are recycling and "look cool" means he wants people to be proud to show it.
⚠️ Potential Traps: B is incorrect; he only says the water is cheaper than the bottle, not that his glass bottle is cheaper than a plastic one.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Match the stated goal/motivation (status symbol, look cool) to the question.

📝 Question 36: What does the writer find fascinating about Ferrando’s story?

🔹 Correct Answer: D. the change it is revealing in people’s attitudes.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D. "Ferrando’s story is fascinating because it seems like an indicator of something unexpected. Three decades ago, conspicuous consumption... heightened people’s social status." (The unexpected thing is the shift away from conspicuous extravagance, as detailed in Paragraph E).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The writer uses Ferrando's story to illustrate a fascinating and unexpected change in consumer attitudes regarding status and consumption (from buying luxury to valuing sustainability).
⚠️ Potential Traps: B is incorrect; the section discusses the pursuit of social status, not the ability to buy cheap water.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the author's subjective assessment ("fascinating") and the macro-level trend it introduces.

📝 Question 37: What does the writer suggest about Closca’s bike helmet?

🔹 Correct Answer: A. It has both functional and artistic value.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph F. "Although its foldable bike helmet is available in some outlets in New York, including the Museum of Modern Art..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Being sold in the Museum of Modern Art suggests it has artistic value, while its nature as a foldable bike helmet confirms its functional value.
⚠️ Potential Traps: C is incorrect; the text says it is hard for any design entrepreneur to "really take off in the global mass market."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Interpret the significance of an unusual detail: placement in an art museum suggests artistic/design quality.

Funding a Smart Invention (Questions 38-40 - Summary Completion)

📝 Question 38: Thirty years ago, the methods used by creators to fund their projects involved getting money from the bank or from someone in the family.

🔹 Correct Answer: family
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph F. "...he or she would have had to either raise a bank loan, borrow money from a family member or use a credit card."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: One of the traditional funding sources was a family member.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Complete the list of historical funding sources.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Complete the list of historical funding sources.

📝 Question 39: In order to get immediate funding, the method Ferrando took was to use a well-known platform to advertise his product and request financial support.

🔹 Correct Answer: platform
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph G. "Ferrando posted details about his water-bottle venture on a large, recognised platform for funding creative projects."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The tool Ferrando used was a large, recognized funding platform (crowdfunding platform).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the noun for the funding mechanism he used.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the noun for the funding mechanism he used.

📝 Question 40: ...his company would create bottles in two colours, followed by a multicoloured bottle once they had received a more significant amount.

🔹 Correct Answer: multicoloured
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph G. "...if 60,000 dollars was raised, a multicoloured one would be made."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: If the higher goal was reached, a multicoloured bottle would be made.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the color description associated with the stretch goal funding.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the color description associated with the stretch goal funding.