تحلیل ریدینگ آیلتس جنرال کمبریج 16 - تست 2: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

مقدمه: بخش ریدینگ آیلتس جنرال، توانایی شما در درک متون کاربردی و روزمره را می‌سنجد. برای موفقیت در این بخش، باید با انواع مختلف متن و سوالات آشنا باشید و بتوانید اطلاعات مورد نیاز را به سرعت پیدا کنید. در این راهنما، تحلیل تست ۲ ریدینگ جنرال از کتاب آیلتس کمبریج ۱۶ (Cambridge IELTS 16) را به صورت جامع انجام می‌دهیم. هدف ما آموزش استراتژی‌های موثر برای مدیریت زمان و پاسخ‌دهی دقیق به سوالات متنوع این بخش، از جمله سوالات مربوط به تبلیغات، اطلاعیه‌ها و متون بلندتر است. با مطالعه این تحلیل، با ساختار آزمون بیشتر آشنا شده و با اعتماد به نفس بالاتری تمرین خواهید کرد. 

پالت ناوبری سوالات (Question Navigation)

SECTION 1: Choosing a Builder & Island Activities

Choosing a Builder (Questions 1-7 - True/False/Not Given)

📝 Question 1: After selecting a builder, you should decide on the design of your new house.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1. "Before you look for a builder, it’s important to develop a comprehensive budget and have clear plans. Once you have a design in mind, it is time to start narrowing down your builder shortlist..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states you need to have clear plans and a design in mind before you start looking for a builder. This contradicts the statement that you should decide on the design after selecting a builder.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The text clearly sets the required order.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay close attention to chronological indicators ("Before you look for," "Once you have... it is time to start").

📝 Question 2: In Australia, you can make sure that a builder has the appropriate license.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1. "In Australia, this means checking that the builder holds a residential building licence. Most states have their own building authority who you can contact to check a builder’s licence."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text confirms that you can contact the building authority to check a builder's licence in Australia.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a direct factual confirmation.
⭐ Key Learning Point: This is a direct factual confirmation.

📝 Question 3: The best builders usually belong to the Housing Industry Association.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "You can also check if the builder is a member of an industry association such as the Housing Industry Association (HIA)..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text suggests checking HIA membership as part of the screening process, but it never states that the best builders usually belong to the HIA. This is a subjective comparison/claim not supported by the text.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Seeing the HIA mentioned as a positive indicator and assuming this means they represent the "best" builders.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Do not infer a subjective ranking or quality judgment (e.g., "best," "worst") that is not explicitly stated.

📝 Question 4: The HIA gives an award to builders whose standards of customer service are very high.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "For instance, the HIA runs a state and national awards programme, with a category that recognises the level of customer service that a builder delivers."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The HIA has an award category that recognizes customer service, implying they award those with a very high standard of service.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a direct paraphrase.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Match the concept of "award" to the action "recognises."

📝 Question 5: Builders who work on smaller projects are more likely to have display homes.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "Display homes are usually offered by major project builders who work on a large scale..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Display homes are usually offered by major project builders (large scale), which contradicts the statement that they are more likely to be offered by builders who work on smaller projects.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a direct contradiction.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on the distinction between "large scale" (TRUE) and "smaller projects" (FALSE).

📝 Question 6: It is advisable to have a contract which is in accordance with the Domestic Building Contracts Act.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Ask your builder to use a standard building contract that has been designed to comply with the Domestic Building Contracts Act, and to be fair to both client and builder."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The advice to "Ask your builder to use" a contract that complies with the Act is a strong suggestion that it is advisable to have such a contract.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The advice given confirms the statement.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Advice given in the text is a strong indication of what is considered advisable or recommended.

📝 Question 7: A contract is legally binding from the time it has been signed.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "You have five business days within which you may withdraw from the contract after signing it."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The right to withdraw within five business days means that the contract is not irrevocably legally binding from the moment it is signed, as the withdrawal period must be honored.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Misunderstanding the legal significance of the cooling-off period.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The existence of a withdrawal period contradicts a statement of immediate, absolute legal binding.

Island Adventure Activities (Questions 8-14 - Matching Features)

📝 Question 8: You will be provided with safety equipment.

🔹 Correct Answer: F
📍 Location in Passage: Tree climbing (F). "Supported by a rope and harness..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: A rope and harness is a clear example of safety equipment provided. Coasteering (G) also mentions it is not to be attempted alone, implying a need for safety, but F is the only one explicitly listing the equipment.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Scan for words indicating gear for protection ("harness," "rope," "helmet," etc.).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Scan for words indicating gear for protection ("harness," "rope," "helmet," etc.).

📝 Question 9: You may get some minor injuries doing this activity.

🔹 Correct Answer: H
📍 Location in Passage: Mountain boarding (H). "...mountain boarding has the speed of snowboarding but with a harder landing when you fall. After a bit of practice and a few bruises, you’ll learn to control the ride..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The mention of getting "a few bruises" confirms the possibility of minor injuries from this activity.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for words that indicate physical pain or marking as a consequence of the activity.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words that indicate physical pain or marking as a consequence of the activity.

📝 Question 10: You can see a disused, isolated building.

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Kayaking (C). "Test your kayak nerves paddling around a deserted military fort built on a rocky outcrop out at sea..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: A "deserted military fort" is a disused, isolated building.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Match synonyms: "deserted" $\approx$ "disused" and "out at sea" $\approx$ "isolated."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Match synonyms: "deserted" $\approx$ "disused" and "out at sea" $\approx$ "isolated."

📝 Question 11: You can relax and look down from above in an unusual location.

🔹 Correct Answer: F
📍 Location in Passage: Tree climbing (F). "...or simply take the opportunity to lie in a tree-top hammock and absorb the stunning bird’s eye views."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Lying in a tree-top hammock (unusual location) to absorb the bird's eye views (look down from above) is a clear description of the activity.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for words indicating unique perspectives or resting spots.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words indicating unique perspectives or resting spots.

📝 Question 12: You will take an exciting trip in rough water close to big ships.

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: Rib riding (A). "Conquer stormy seas on a high-speed ride... You’ll need to hold on tight as the boat bounces across the wake of awesome cruise liners in one of the world’s busiest shipping lanes."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "Stormy seas" and "bounces across the wake" indicates rough water. "Awesome cruise liners" in a busy shipping lane indicates big ships.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify descriptions of the water condition and the surrounding marine traffic.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify descriptions of the water condition and the surrounding marine traffic.

📝 Question 13: You can choose easy options or more difficult ones.

🔹 Correct Answer: D
📍 Location in Passage: Cycling (D). "Grit your teeth and tackle the brutal hills in the south... or for something less challenging, discover our car-free cycle tracks on former railway lines."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "Brutal hills" is the difficult option, and "less challenging" tracks are the easy option.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for comparative language that offers graded levels of difficulty ("brutal hills" vs. "less challenging").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for comparative language that offers graded levels of difficulty ("brutal hills" vs. "less challenging").

📝 Question 14: You may find this more difficult than you expect.

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: Segway riding (E). "In theory, these quirky electric machines are simple to control... In reality, you’ll need some practice before you can master the skill and glide around the island."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The contrast between the theory (simple) and the reality (need practice to master the skill) suggests it is more difficult than expected.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for a phrase that sets up a contrast between expectation and reality.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for a phrase that sets up a contrast between expectation and reality.

SECTION 2: Barrington Music Service & Small Business Safety

Barrington Music Service (Questions 15-20 - Notes Completion)

📝 Question 15: Events such as festivals for local and visiting schools

🔹 Correct Answer: festivals
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1. "The Service also arranges a number of music-related events, including festivals bringing together choirs and soloists from schools..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Festivals are listed as one type of event the Service arranges.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'events' (too general) or 'choirs'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific type of event listed in the text.

📝 Question 16: be responsible for keeping to the budget

🔹 Correct Answer: budget
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "...responsible for managing the administrative and financial systems of the Music Service, ensuring it does not exceed its budget..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The manager must ensure the Service does not exceed its budget.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'systems' or 'exceed'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the financial limit that must be adhered to.

📝 Question 17: build partnerships with other organisations

🔹 Correct Answer: partnerships
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "The Music Service is involved in several partnerships with schools and with music and community organisations in the district, and you will be expected to increase the number and scope of these..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The manager is expected to increase the number and scope of partnerships.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'organisations' (too general).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the relationship type that needs to be increased.

📝 Question 18: increase the focus on diversity in school music lessons (e.g., international styles)

🔹 Correct Answer: diversity
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "...you will be required to further develop this emphasis on diversity." (The context is the programme to broaden what is taught to include instruments and musical styles from around the world.)
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The manager must further develop the emphasis on diversity.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'styles' or 'instruments'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the core concept being promoted in the curriculum.

📝 Question 19: make sure records and a database is kept up-to-date

🔹 Correct Answer: database
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "...and maintain a database of all music teachers, students, and instruments belonging to the Service."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The manager must maintain a database of records.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'records' (already mentioned).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the electronic system for storing information.

📝 Question 20: basic knowledge of accounting

🔹 Correct Answer: accounting
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "You will have an understanding of accounting, at a non-specialist level, and of standard financial procedures."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The person appointed needs a basic/non-specialist understanding of accounting.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'procedures' or 'financial'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the field of finance required.

Health and Safety in Small Businesses (Questions 21-27 - Notes Completion)

📝 Question 21: One cause of health and safety problems in small businesses is that managers do not have enough relevant knowledge

🔹 Correct Answer: knowledge
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1. "...many managers of small businesses have an inadequate knowledge of health and safety issues."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Inadequate knowledge is cited as a reason for the high accident rate.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'inadequate' or 'issues'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the reason/cause of the problem.

📝 Question 22: Managers complain they have too many regulations to deal with.

🔹 Correct Answer: regulations
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "...arguing that the huge number of regulations – not just on health and safety but also on tax, the minimum wage, and much, much more – makes their work difficult."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Managers complain about the huge number of regulations.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'number' or 'tax'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the source of bureaucracy complained about.

📝 Question 23: Managers may not fully understand their responsibilities

🔹 Correct Answer: responsibilities
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "Many managers are simply not aware of their responsibilities."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states managers are not aware of their responsibilities.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'manuals' or 'consultants'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the duty that managers misunderstand.

📝 Question 24: Businesses sometimes feel that inspectors give them far too many leaflets

🔹 Correct Answer: leaflets
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "...rather than swamping them with mountains of leaflets which may not be relevant."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Businesses complain about being swamped with leaflets.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'mountains' or 'enforcement'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific item that managers feel they receive too much of.

📝 Question 25: Businesses above a certain size must produce a written statement of their health and safety policy.

🔹 Correct Answer: statement
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "All employers must have their own health and safety policy statement and, for businesses with more than five employees, this must be in writing."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The required document is a policy statement.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'policy' (the statement is the policy statement).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific formal document.

📝 Question 26: A company’s health and safety policy is relevant to both its employees and its contractors

🔹 Correct Answer: contractors
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7. "...and provide information to others who need to know, such as the contractors working for them."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The policy information must be provided to contractors as well as employees.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'employees' (already mentioned).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the other group that needs to be informed.

📝 Question 27: The Health and Safety Executive can advise small businesses on problems of stress among their employees.

🔹 Correct Answer: stress
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 8. "Other advice from the Health and Safety Executive for small businesses tackles specific issues, such as helping small companies to deal with work-related stress."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The HSE advises on work-related stress.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'work-related'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific health issue advised on.

SECTION 3: Jobs in Ancient Egypt

Jobs in Ancient Egypt (Questions 28-32 - Multiple Choice)

📝 Question 28: What does the writer say about scribes in ancient Egypt?

🔹 Correct Answer: B. The topics they wrote about were very varied.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1. "Scribes noted the everyday activities in ancient Egypt and wrote about everything from grain stocks to tax records."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Writing about "everything from grain stocks to tax records" confirms that the topics they wrote about were very varied.
⚠️ Potential Traps: A is NOT GIVEN; C is FALSE (rarely successful); D is NOT GIVEN.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for descriptions that indicate wide scope or range of activity.

📝 Question 29: What is the writer doing in the second paragraph?

🔹 Correct Answer: A. explaining why jobs were plentiful in ancient Egypt
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "You needed to work if you wanted to eat, but there was no shortage of jobs at any time in Egypt’s history... The commonplace items taken for granted today... had to be made by hand..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph notes the "no shortage of jobs" and explains that this was because almost everything had to be made by hand, creating many job categories (reed cutter, laundry, etc.).
⚠️ Potential Traps: C and D are too narrow; the main purpose is to establish the abundance of jobs and their necessity.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Determine the main theme/purpose of the paragraph based on its opening statements.

📝 Question 30: What is the writer doing in the fifth paragraph?

🔹 Correct Answer: C. rejecting a popular view
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "Although it is commonly believed that the great monuments and temples of Egypt were achieved through slave labor, there is absolutely no evidence to support this."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The writer states a "commonly believed" view and then explicitly says "there is absolutely no evidence to support this," which is a clear rejection of a popular view.
⚠️ Potential Traps: A, B, and D are incorrect; the focus is on refuting a historical misconception.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for phrases that introduce and then immediately refute a misconception ("commonly believed," "no evidence to support this").

📝 Question 31: The writer refers to the value of ma’at in order to explain

🔹 Correct Answer: B. how ancient Egyptians viewed their role in society.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 9. "This practice was in keeping with the value of ma’at (harmony and balance) which was central to Egyptian culture. One was expected to care for others as much as oneself and contributing to the common good was an expression of this."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Ma'at explains the cultural value that led Egyptians to contribute to the common good and care for others, which defines their role in society.
⚠️ Potential Traps: A is too specific (only artists); C/D are too general.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Ma'at is used to explain the underlying societal ethos that governed behavior.

📝 Question 32: Which word best describes the attitude of the Egyptian government toward its workers?

🔹 Correct Answer: D. appreciative
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 9. "...the Egyptian government was aware of how hard the people worked and so staged a number of festivals throughout the year to show gratitude and give them days off to relax."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Staging festivals to show gratitude for hard work implies an appreciative attitude.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The text clearly shows thankfulness.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Match the action (showing gratitude) to the most appropriate emotion/attitude (appreciative).

Jobs in Ancient Egypt (Questions 33-36 - Matching Statements)

📝 Question 33: was unable to work at certain times

🔹 Correct Answer: C. farmer
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 8. "These people were mostly farmers who could do nothing with their land during the months when the Nile River overflowed its banks."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Farmers could do nothing with their land during the Nile's overflow, meaning they were unable to work at certain times (the months of the inundation).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for a job description that mentions a seasonal restriction.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for a job description that mentions a seasonal restriction.

📝 Question 34: divided workers into groups

🔹 Correct Answer: F. overseer
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 8. "Overseers organized the men into teams to transport the stones on the sleds."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Overseers were responsible for dividing workers into groups (organizing men into teams).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Match the job role to the organizational/management action.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Match the job role to the organizational/management action.

📝 Question 35: faced daily hazards

🔹 Correct Answer: B. reed cutter
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "The reed cutter, for example... had to bear in mind that he worked in an area that was also home to wildlife that, at times, could prove fatal."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Working in an area with potentially fatal wildlife means the reed cutter faced daily hazards.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for the description of specific dangers faced on the job.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the description of specific dangers faced on the job.

📝 Question 36: underwent a long period of training

🔹 Correct Answer: A. scribe
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1. "The apprenticeship for this job [scribe] lasted many years and was tough and challenging."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: An apprenticeship that "lasted many years" is a long period of training.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Match the job role to the description of time invested in learning ("many years," "apprenticeship").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Match the job role to the description of time invested in learning ("many years," "apprenticeship").

The King’s Building Projects (Questions 37-40 - Summary Completion)

📝 Question 37: Labourers who worked on the king’s buildings were local people who chose to participate in community service or who received payment.

🔹 Correct Answer: community service
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "The pyramids and other monuments were built by Egyptian laborers who either donated their time as community service or were paid for their labor..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The alternative to being paid was donating time as community service.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the alternative method of contribution to the labor.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the alternative method of contribution to the labor.

📝 Question 38: The large pieces of stone were then transported to another site on sleds, which moved easily over the shifting sand

🔹 Correct Answer: shifting sand
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "...sleds, devices better suited than wheeled vehicles to moving weighty objects over shifting sand."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Sleds were used because they moved better than wheels over shifting sand.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the ground type that made sleds necessary.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the ground type that made sleds necessary.

📝 Question 39: Here, the blocks could be cut and shaped using tools made of copper and wood.

🔹 Correct Answer: copper
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "This job was done by skilled stonemasons working with copper chisels and wooden mallets."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The chisels used were made of copper.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the metal used for the cutting tools.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the metal used for the cutting tools.

📝 Question 40: The job of moving the stone was often done by farmers or other unskilled workers.

🔹 Correct Answer: farmers
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 8. "These people were mostly farmers who could do nothing with their land during the months when the Nile River overflowed its banks."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The final moving work was often done by farmers (and other unskilled laborers).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the specific group that provided much of the unskilled labor.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific group that provided much of the unskilled labor.