تحلیل ریدینگ آیلتس جنرال کمبریج 16 - تست 4: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

مقدمه: بخش ریدینگ آیلتس جنرال، توانایی شما در درک متون کاربردی و روزمره را می‌سنجد. برای موفقیت در این بخش، باید با انواع مختلف متن و سوالات آشنا باشید و بتوانید اطلاعات مورد نیاز را به سرعت پیدا کنید. در این راهنما، تحلیل تست ۴ ریدینگ جنرال از کتاب آیلتس کمبریج ۱۶ (Cambridge IELTS 16) را به صورت جامع انجام می‌دهیم. هدف ما آموزش استراتژی‌های موثر برای مدیریت زمان و پاسخ‌دهی دقیق به سوالات متنوع این بخش، از جمله سوالات مربوط به تبلیغات، اطلاعیه‌ها و متون بلندتر است. با مطالعه این تحلیل، با ساختار آزمون بیشتر آشنا شده و با اعتماد به نفس بالاتری تمرین خواهید کرد. 

پالت ناوبری سوالات (Question Navigation)

SECTION 1: Hiking Boots & Beekeeping Workshop

Hiking Boots (Questions 1-8 - Matching Features)

📝 Question 1: These boots are a good choice for people who want to look smart when they are walking.

🔹 Correct Answer: D
📍 Location in Passage: Danner Jag (D). "These are boots for the style conscious, but still suitable for demanding walks."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Being "for the style conscious" is a direct match for the desire to look smart when walking.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a unique feature.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Match the target consumer ("style conscious") to the question's focus.

📝 Question 2: People do not need to spend time getting their feet accustomed to these boots.

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: Scarpa Peak Gore-tex Boots (B). "They are warm and comfortable to wear straight out of the box and continue to be so even after many kilometres."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "Comfortable to wear straight out of the box" means the user doesn't need to spend time getting accustomed to them (breaking them in).
⚠️ Potential Traps: D says they take a week or two for feet to get used to them.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for phrases indicating immediate comfort versus a break-in period.

📝 Question 3: These boots should last for many years.

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: Hanwag Tatra Boots (A). "These boots are expensive but will give you a lifetime of wear."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "Give you a lifetime of wear" is a hyperbole that means they should last for many years.
⚠️ Potential Traps: B says they are comfortable "even after many kilometres," but A implies durability across time.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the phrase that speaks to longevity and durability.

📝 Question 4: People find these boots useful when travelling as they are not heavy.

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Keen Terradora Ethos (C). "They are meant for spring and summer walks and for putting in your backpack for treks in hot climates. They will never weigh you down."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Being useful for putting in a backpack when travelling and the comment that they will "never weigh you down" (not heavy) confirms the statement.
⚠️ Potential Traps: D says their retro boots are "one of the heavier ones" reviewed.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for phrases indicating low weight and portability.

📝 Question 5: One feature of these boots does not continue to be effective for very long.

🔹 Correct Answer: F
📍 Location in Passage: Teva Arrowood Mid WP (F). "They’re waterproof, but we found this wore off after about 20 wet walks."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The waterproof feature "wore off" after a short time (20 walks), meaning it does not continue to be effective for very long.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the specific feature that degraded over time.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific feature that degraded over time.

📝 Question 6: These boots do not keep the rain out.

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Keen Terradora Ethos (C). "Their soles grip well and despite not being waterproof, they are quick-drying when they get wet."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The phrase "despite not being waterproof" means they do not keep the rain out.
⚠️ Potential Traps: F's waterproofing wears off, but C is explicitly stated as not being waterproof.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for an explicit negative statement about water resistance.

📝 Question 7: It is important to make sure these boots are done up tightly before starting a walk.

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: Merrell Siren Sport Q2 Mid Boots (E). "Remember to pull the laces firmly when you put these boots on as they are rather wide around the ankles."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The instruction to "pull the laces firmly" is advice to ensure they are done up tightly for the walk.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for explicit instructions on securing the boot.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for explicit instructions on securing the boot.

📝 Question 8: These boots should suit people who don’t want to spend a lot.

🔹 Correct Answer: G
📍 Location in Passage: Regatta Clydebank Mid Boots (G). "These boots are reasonably priced and they performed well in heavy rain."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "Reasonably priced" is a positive recommendation for people who don't want to spend a lot.
⚠️ Potential Traps: A states they are expensive.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for adjectives that indicate affordability.

Beekeeping Workshop (Questions 9-14 - True/False/Not Given)

📝 Question 9: The workshop is only suitable for people who already keep their own bees.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "Whether you’re keen to learn everything you need to know to get you started, or simply extremely interested in the idea of keeping bees..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The workshop is designed to "get you started," which means it is suitable for beginners and those only "interested in the idea," contradicting the statement that it is only suitable for those who already keep bees.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question uses the limiting word "only" which is clearly false based on the text's inclusive language.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Check all details of the intended audience; inclusive language (like "whether you're keen to learn... or simply interested") negates exclusivity ("only suitable for...").

📝 Question 10: Participants will meet people who are involved in selling honey to the public.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "You’ll learn... how to harvest honey for your personal use or for sale."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text teaches how to harvest honey for sale, implying the potential for selling. However, it does not state that participants will meet people who are currently involved in selling honey to the public (e.g., commercial beekeepers/sellers).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Assuming that since selling is taught, sellers will be present.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Do not assume the presence of a group (sellers) based on the discussion of a related activity (selling is taught).

📝 Question 11: Vegetarian refreshments are available if requested in advance.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "...including unlimited organic tea or coffee, lunch cooked in our outdoor, wood-fired oven and beekeeping suits for the day."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text confirms lunch is included but does not specify whether this lunch is vegetarian or whether special requests can be accommodated. It also doesn't mention requesting in advance.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Specific detail about the meal type is missing.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Check for specific menu/dietary details; the type of food and the necessity of advance request are both missing.

📝 Question 12: Participants will need to pay extra to hire appropriate clothes for the workshop.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "We’ll provide everything you need, including... beekeeping suits for the day."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states they will provide the beekeeping suits, contradicting the idea that participants will need to pay extra to hire them.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Check the "What's included" section for provided equipment.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Check the "What's included" section for provided equipment.

📝 Question 13: Protective footwear will be required during the workshop.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Just bring a pair of thick boots with you."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The instruction to "Just bring a pair of thick boots" is a requirement for specific, implied protective footwear.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. An explicit instruction to "bring" essential gear implies it is required.
⭐ Key Learning Point: An explicit instruction to "bring" essential gear implies it is required.

📝 Question 14: If someone has to cancel before the workshop, the fee will be repaid.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "Your booking secures a very limited place, so is non-refundable – if you can’t make it, you can send a friend or colleague instead though."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The fee is stated as "non-refundable," directly contradicting the idea that the fee will be repaid upon cancellation.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for clear financial terms: "non-refundable" is a direct contradiction of "will be repaid."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for clear financial terms: "non-refundable" is a direct contradiction of "will be repaid."

SECTION 2: Writing a CV & Starting a New Job

Writing a CV (Questions 15-20 - Sentence Completion)

📝 Question 15: Some jobseekers have difficulty with their CV because they have not learnt which qualities they should highlight

🔹 Correct Answer: highlight
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1. "...others struggle with a variety of problems initially, such as not knowing how to structure a CV or how to highlight their most relevant strengths."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The difficulty is not knowing how to highlight their most relevant strengths (qualities).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'strengths' or 'relevant'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the verb that describes the necessary action regarding qualities.

📝 Question 16: Professional CV writers know which details are best left out of the CV.

🔹 Correct Answer: details
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "...cut out unnecessary or irrelevant details, and pinpoint what makes the individual stand out."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Professional writers help cut out unnecessary or irrelevant details.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'irrelevant' or 'unnecessary'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the noun for the information that should be removed.

📝 Question 17: CV writers with knowledge of a particular field of work often provide useful insights about the skills firms expect from job applicants.

🔹 Correct Answer: insights
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "HR professionals and recruiters with relevant experience can also have valuable insights into what companies are looking for."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: They provide valuable insights into what companies are looking for (skills firms expect).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'experience' or 'skills'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the noun for the valuable knowledge provided.

📝 Question 18: It is advisable to request samples of what a professional CV writer has previously produced.

🔹 Correct Answer: samples
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Ask to see samples of their work or use personal recommendations before you choose a CV writing service."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: It is advisable to ask to see samples of their work.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'recommendations' or 'work'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the noun for the example work product.

📝 Question 19: Professional CV writers often ask jobseekers to work through a questionnaire as a first step.

🔹 Correct Answer: questionnaire
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "You’ll probably need to answer an in-depth email questionnaire or be interviewed before any writing actually starts."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: A first step is answering an email questionnaire or being interviewed.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'interviewed'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the noun for the document used to gather initial information.

📝 Question 20: If the jobseeker assists the professional writer, the tone of the CV will be authentic.

🔹 Correct Answer: authentic
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "Being involved in the writing process means your CV sounds authentic."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Being involved (assisting) ensures the CV sounds authentic.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'involved' or 'happy'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the adjective describing the resulting tone.

Starting a New Job (Questions 21-27 - Notes Completion)

📝 Question 21: Try out a different morning routine that will create a sense of well-being

🔹 Correct Answer: routine
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "If you got into the habit of skipping breakfast at your last job, fit it in now or experiment with getting a workout in before going to the office. Having a routine you like and sticking to it definitely impacts on your overall happiness."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text suggests finding a new morning habit (breakfast/workout) that forms a new routine which impacts happiness (well-being).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'breakfast' or 'workout' (examples).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the general plan for the morning.

📝 Question 22: Make sure your chosen outfit conforms to the company’s dress code

🔹 Correct Answer: dress code
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "...you’ll have some idea of what the dress code is. While you definitely want to feel comfortable, it’s best to play it safe, leaning towards a smarter and more polished look on your first day."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The outfit should conform to the dress code.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'outfit' or 'look'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the social rule for clothing.

📝 Question 23: It will provide information on their personalities and the way they operate

🔹 Correct Answer: personalities
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "It will also help you get a handle on personalities and work styles."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Lunch with colleagues helps with understanding their personalities and work styles (the way they operate).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'work styles' or 'handle'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the characteristic gained from the interaction.

📝 Question 24: It may be wise to prepare some conversation starters to help the interaction flow

🔹 Correct Answer: conversation starters
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "To ensure the lunch goes well, have a few conversation starters in mind."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Preparing conversation starters helps the interaction flow.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'talk' or 'mind'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific tool for managing the conversation.

📝 Question 25: Work out some goals and how to go about fulfilling them

🔹 Correct Answer: goals
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "...take some time over the initial period to think about what goals you have for your new role."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The task is to think about the goals for the new role.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'role' or 'success'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the long-term aims that should be established.

📝 Question 26: Try to keep a completely open mind as you settle into the post

🔹 Correct Answer: open mind
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "It’s important that you approach your new job with an open mind, and that you’re ready to soak it all in."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The required approach is an open mind.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'soak it all in'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the attitude that is necessary.

📝 Question 27: Avoid making proposals at improvements too soon

🔹 Correct Answer: improvements
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "...make sure you understand the way things are done before rushing into giving suggestions on improvements."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Avoid rushing into suggestions on improvements.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'suggestions' or 'rushing'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the topic of the proposals to avoid.

SECTION 3: History of Women’s Football

History of Women's Football (Questions 28-31 - Multiple Choice)

📝 Question 28: In the first paragraph, the writer says that in 18th-century Scotland

🔹 Correct Answer: D. skill at football might be considered when choosing a wife.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1. "...a crowd of single men, who hoped to pick out a potential bride based on her footballing ability."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The men considered a woman's footballing ability when choosing a wife, matching option D.
⚠️ Potential Traps: A, B, and C contradict the text or are NOT GIVEN.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the social consequence of the sporting event.

📝 Question 29: The writer says that Nettie J Honeyball was unwilling to

🔹 Correct Answer: C. let the public know of her involvement in football.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "Honeyball was an alias: like many of the middle- and upper-class women who played in the late 19th century, she was not keen to publicise her involvement with a contact sport played on muddy fields."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Honeyball used an alias because she was "not keen to publicise her involvement," which means she was unwilling to let the public know.
⚠️ Potential Traps: D is false; she founded the club.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The use of an alias is the key indicator of a desire for anonymity/privacy.

📝 Question 30: The writer suggests that in Britain, between 1895 and 1914

🔹 Correct Answer: A. society was not yet ready for women’s football.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "And crowds did drop off as the growing popularity of the men’s game came to dominate public interest. In a country where women were not yet allowed to vote, it would take extraordinary circumstances for their efforts on the football pitch to attract widespread attention."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The reference to the drop in crowds and the political context (women not yet allowed to vote) suggests that society was not yet ready for women’s football to gain widespread attention.
⚠️ Potential Traps: D is false; crowds dropped off after the novelty wore off.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The political and social context (lack of voting rights) often reveals the prevailing societal attitude.

📝 Question 31: After the First World War broke out in 1914, factory managers

🔹 Correct Answer: D. decided that women’s football might have positive effects.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "After some initial uncertainty, their superiors came to see these games as a means to boost morale and thus increase productivity."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Seeing the games as a means to boost morale and productivity is a decision that women's football might have positive effects.
⚠️ Potential Traps: C is false; they played during lunch breaks, not extra time.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the benefit or utility that changed the managers' initial negative view ("initial uncertainty").

History of Women's Football (Questions 32-37 - Matching Statements)

📝 Question 32: It felt threatened by the rise of women’s football.

🔹 Correct Answer: C. the Football Association (FA)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7. "...The Football Association (FA)... had always taken a poor view of female participation... driven by the fear that the women’s game could affect Football League attendances, the FA sought to assert itself."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The FA's fear that the women's game could affect Football League attendances (the men's game) means it felt threatened by the rise of women’s football.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for the stated motive of the organization's restrictive action.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the stated motive of the organization's restrictive action.

📝 Question 33: It was established by a male office worker

🔹 Correct Answer: B. the Dick, Kerr’s Ladies team
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "Watching from a window above the yard where they played, office worker Alfred Frankland spotted their talent and he set about forming a team. Known as Dick, Kerr’s Ladies..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Alfred Frankland, a male office worker, set about forming the Dick, Kerr’s Ladies team.
⚠️ Potential Traps: A (BLFC) was founded by Nettie J Honeyball (female alias).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the founder and their gender/profession.

📝 Question 34: It donated money from football matches to good causes

🔹 Correct Answer: A. the British Ladies’ Football Club (BLFC)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "The BLFC arranged games... where money would be raised for those in need."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Raising money for "those in need" means donating money to good causes.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for phrases indicating charitable activity.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for phrases indicating charitable activity.

📝 Question 35: It called for the ending of the ban on women’s football in Britain

🔹 Correct Answer: D. the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 10. "It took pressure from the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), to finally force the FA to end restrictions on women’s football in 1971."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: UEFA exerted pressure to force the FA to end restrictions (ban).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for the external entity that forced the change.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the external entity that forced the change.

📝 Question 36: It was accused of being old-fashioned

🔹 Correct Answer: C. the Football Association (FA)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 9. "...the captain of Plymouth Ladies remarking that the FA was ‘a hundred years behind the times’ and calling its decision ‘purely sex prejudice’."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Being "a hundred years behind the times" is an accusation of being old-fashioned.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for direct quotes or strong condemnations of the organization.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for direct quotes or strong condemnations of the organization.

📝 Question 37: It was led by a believer in women’s rights

🔹 Correct Answer: A. the British Ladies’ Football Club (BLFC)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "...Lady Florence Dixie, who was appointed president of the BLFC in 1895 and who was an ardent believer in equality between the sexes."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The BLFC's president, Lady Florence Dixie, was an ardent believer in equality between the sexes (women's rights).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the leader and their stated social beliefs.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the leader and their stated social beliefs.

A Catastrophic Year for Women’s Football (Questions 38-40 - Summary Completion)

📝 Question 38: women’s football teams were forbidden to use the grounds of the Football Association...

🔹 Correct Answer: grounds
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 8. "On 5 December 1921, the FA banned its members from allowing women’s football to be played at its grounds..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Women's football was banned from being played at the FA's grounds.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'members' or 'football'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the physical location that was forbidden.

📝 Question 39: ...and were not allowed to have Football Association members as referees

🔹 Correct Answer: referees
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 8. "The FA also forbade its members from acting as referees at women’s games."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The FA forbade its members from acting as referees.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'members' or 'games'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific official role that was forbidden.

📝 Question 40: Female workers accused the FA of prejudice against women, but the ban continued until 1971.

🔹 Correct Answer: prejudice
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 9. "...calling its decision ‘purely sex prejudice’."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The FA's decision was called "purely sex prejudice."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'sex' or 'outrage'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the formal accusation made against the FA.