تحلیل ریدینگ آیلتس جنرال کمبریج 17 - تست 1: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

مقدمه: بخش ریدینگ آیلتس جنرال، توانایی شما در درک متون کاربردی و روزمره را می‌سنجد. برای موفقیت در این بخش، باید با انواع مختلف متن و سوالات آشنا باشید و بتوانید اطلاعات مورد نیاز را به سرعت پیدا کنید. در این راهنما، تحلیل تست ۱ ریدینگ جنرال از کتاب آیلتس کمبریج ۱۷ (Cambridge IELTS 17) را به صورت جامع انجام می‌دهیم. هدف ما آموزش استراتژی‌های موثر برای مدیریت زمان و پاسخ‌دهی دقیق به سوالات متنوع این بخش، از جمله سوالات مربوط به تبلیغات، اطلاعیه‌ها و متون بلندتر است. با مطالعه این تحلیل، با ساختار آزمون بیشتر آشنا شده و با اعتماد به نفس بالاتری تمرین خواهید کرد. 

پالت ناوبری سوالات (Question Navigation)

SECTION 1: Singapore Airport & Orchard Road Walk

Singapore Airport (Questions 1-5 - Matching Locations)

📝 Question 1: You find after your flight that your suitcase has split.

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Baggage claim. "You can proceed to the Lost and Found Counter for advice if you cannot find your baggage or would like to report damaged baggage."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: A split suitcase is damaged baggage, and the required location is the Lost and Found Counter.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Match the problem/status (damaged baggage) to the service counter.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Match the problem/status (damaged baggage) to the service counter.

📝 Question 2: You want to reserve a room at a transit hotel.

🔹 Correct Answer: G
📍 Location in Passage: Hotel reservations. "These counters [Hotel Reservation Counter] do not handle the transit hotels. For these, go to the Reception Desk on Level Three."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Since the main counter doesn't handle transit hotels, the instruction is to go to the Reception Desk on Level Three.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Note the exception (transit hotels) and the alternative location.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Note the exception (transit hotels) and the alternative location.

📝 Question 3: You are not sure if you have bought too much in the duty-free shop.

🔹 Correct Answer: D
📍 Location in Passage: Customs clearance. "Please use the Red Channel if you have items to declare or are in doubt."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Being unsure about exceeding the duty-free concession means you are "in doubt," so you should use the Red Channel.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Match the state of uncertainty ("in doubt") to the correct channel (Red Channel).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Match the state of uncertainty ("in doubt") to the correct channel (Red Channel).

📝 Question 4: You are not sure where to collect your luggage after your flight.

🔹 Correct Answer: F
📍 Location in Passage: Baggage claim. "You can refer to the flight information television screens on Level Two for the allocation of your baggage claim belt."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The place to check where to collect luggage (baggage claim belt allocation) is on Level Two.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the location where information is displayed.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the location where information is displayed.

📝 Question 5: You need someone to help you with your suitcases.

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: Baggage claim. "Our friendly porters are at your service on request. Should you require their assistance... please ask at the Information Desk."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: To request a porter's assistance with luggage, you should ask at the Information Desk.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the location for requesting porter service.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the location for requesting porter service.

Singapore Airport (Questions 6-10 - True/False/Not Given)

📝 Question 6: Everyone is obliged to pay a 3% tax on goods they bring into Singapore.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Goods and Services Tax (GST) relief. "A 3% Goods and Services Tax (GST) is levied on the sale of all goods imported into Singapore. If you are a visitor, returning citizen or permanent resident of Singapore, you may be granted GST relief under certain conditions."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Since some people may be granted GST relief (i.e., not pay the tax), the statement that Everyone is obliged to pay is FALSE.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The tax is levied on all imported goods, but the exemption (relief) means not everyone must pay.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Check absolute claims ("Everyone") against conditional exceptions ("may be granted relief").

📝 Question 7: You can only reclaim tax on purchases made in certain shops.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Tax-free shopping. "...provided you: shop at stores with the ‘Tax Free Shopping’ logo..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Reclaiming tax is conditional on shopping at stores with the specific logo. This confirms you can only reclaim tax on purchases made in certain shops.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The conditional requirement acts as an exclusivity clause ("only... certain shops").
⭐ Key Learning Point: The conditional requirement acts as an exclusivity clause ("only... certain shops").

📝 Question 8: If you have spent a total of S$150 on your purchases, you can get a tax refund.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Tax-free shopping. "...spend a minimum amount of S$100 at any one shop, and at least S$300 in total..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The minimum total spend required is S$300. Spending only S$150 does not meet this criterion, making the statement FALSE.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Check all numerical conditions; S$150 is less than the required S$300 total.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Check all numerical conditions; S$150 is less than the required S$300 total.

📝 Question 9: You have to reclaim your tax within a certain amount of time.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Tax-free shopping. The text lists conditions for claiming the refund and choices for collecting it.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text does not mention any time limit (e.g., within 30 days of purchase, before leaving the country) for when the tax must be reclaimed.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a purely informational lack.
⭐ Key Learning Point: NOT GIVEN when a specific quantitative detail (time limit) is missing.

📝 Question 10: You will be charged a certain amount for administration when you get the tax back.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Tax-free shopping. "Please note that a handling fee will be deducted from the GST amount for the refund service."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: A "handling fee" is a charge, and it is deducted from the refund (tax back). This confirms the statement.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Recognize synonyms: "handling fee" $\approx$ "charge for administration."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Recognize synonyms: "handling fee" $\approx$ "charge for administration."

Singapore Guide: Orchard Road (Questions 11-14 - Sentence Completion)

📝 Question 11: The Singapore Marriott Hotel is described as an Eye-catching Landmark.

🔹 Correct Answer: Eye-catching Landmark
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1. "The route begins just opposite the Orchard MRT station at the Singapore Marriott Hotel. This eye-catching landmark has a distinctive Chinese-styled green roof and red pillars."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The hotel is directly described as an "eye-catching landmark."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'green roof' or 'red pillars' (descriptive details).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the defining term/noun phrase used to categorize the hotel.

📝 Question 12: The land that Tang bought was located Opposite a Cemetery.

🔹 Correct Answer: Cemetery
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "The plot faced a cemetery, which is considered a bad omen in Chinese culture."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The land that Tang bought "faced a cemetery" (located opposite a Cemetery).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'bad omen'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific location/neighbor mentioned.

📝 Question 13: The Unique Chinese Architecture of the new Tang building is very similar to that of the original building.

🔹 Correct Answer: Unique Chinese Architecture
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "Even when the original building was torn down in 1982... it retained its unique Chinese architecture."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The new building retained its unique Chinese architecture from the original.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'superstore' or 'skyscraper hotel'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the design element that was retained.

📝 Question 14: Access to several computer terminals for self-booking at the Singapore Airlines Service Centre means that you don’t need to wait for assistance.

🔹 Correct Answer: computer terminals for self-booking
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Also available are a number of computer terminals for self-booking."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The availability of these terminals allows users to book for themselves ("don't need to wait for assistance").
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'Singapore Airlines Service Centre' (the location).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific feature that facilitates self-service.

SECTION 2: Writing a CV & Being Organised

Writing a Personal CV (Questions 15-20 - Sentence Completion)

📝 Question 15: Many job applicants do not dare to reveal in a CV what their real personality is.

🔹 Correct Answer: personality
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1. "It’s almost as if the majority of job seekers are afraid to let their own personality shine through."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text suggests applicants are afraid to let their personality shine through.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'image' or 'corporate'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the unique personal characteristic being suppressed.

📝 Question 16: if applicants do not include what makes them distinctive, their CVs are likely to appear dull to the reader.

🔹 Correct Answer: dull
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "Your CV will be dull, and likely to be swiftly passed over by an employer."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: A CV that doesn't stand out (distinctive) will be dull.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'swiftly'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the negative adjective describing a lack of distinctiveness.

📝 Question 17: Applicants need to find ways to define the qualities that make them do well in their work.

🔹 Correct Answer: qualities
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "...it’s about choosing words that describe the qualities that drive your success."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Applicants need to define the qualities that drive success (make them do well).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'words' or 'success'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the noun for the characteristics that lead to success.

📝 Question 18: It can be helpful for applicants to try to base a consideration of themselves on the viewpoints of others.

🔹 Correct Answer: viewpoints
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "It involves the ability to see yourself from different people’s viewpoints."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The ability to see yourself from different people's viewpoints is helpful.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'ability' or 'character'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the noun for the perspective of others.

📝 Question 19: Requesting the input of a dependable colleague can help an applicant work out their own good points.

🔹 Correct Answer: colleague
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "Asking a colleague that you trust is also a good way to find out how others see your strengths."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The dependable person to ask is a trusted colleague.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'trust' or 'strength'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific person to ask for input.

📝 Question 20: It is best to avoid the clichés used by many applicants when describing themselves in a CV.

🔹 Correct Answer: clichés
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Try not to use classic recruitment clichés."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: It is best to avoid classic recruitment clichés.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'communication' (an example of a cliché).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the type of language to avoid.

Being Organised at Work (Questions 21-27 - Notes Completion)

📝 Question 21: keeping the minimum amount of necessary stationery and paperwork

🔹 Correct Answer: stationery
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "Cut down documents and stationery to the bare essentials."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Items to be cut down include documents and stationery.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'documents' (already mentioned) or 'essentials'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the office item to be minimized.

📝 Question 22: restricting the number of personal photos on the work surface

🔹 Correct Answer: photos
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "One or two carefully selected photos to make your desk feel like home are fine, but avoid too many."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The number of personal photos should be restricted (avoid too many).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'desk' or 'home'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the personal item to be limited.

📝 Question 23: deciding on sensible locations for things that are needed regularly or hardly ever

🔹 Correct Answer: locations
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "Create locations where you will keep all your work materials to make retrieval easy."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: You should create locations (storage places) for work materials.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'materials' or 'retrieval'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the storage concept being described.

📝 Question 24: placing containers on the desk identified by labels to organise on-going paperwork

🔹 Correct Answer: labels
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "...and add clear labels such as ‘In’, ‘Out’, ‘For Action’, ‘Current Projects’ or other relevant categories."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Containers should be identified by clear labels.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'trays' or 'files' (the containers).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the method of identification.

📝 Question 25: storing documents if there is an official requirement to do so

🔹 Correct Answer: requirement
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "Ask: do I know of a tax or legal requirement for retaining it?"
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Documents should be kept if there is a legal or tax requirement.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'tax' or 'legal'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the official reason for keeping documents.

📝 Question 26: in general, it will improve the employee’s focus on work

🔹 Correct Answer: focus
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7. "Implementing regular planning strategies will sharpen your focus, thereby keeping you on track with your work."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Planning strategies will sharpen the employee's focus.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'strategies' or 'track'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the cognitive function that improves with planning.

📝 Question 27: thinking about the next day’s work ensures important tasks are given due attention

🔹 Correct Answer: tasks
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7. "...implement a 10- to 15-minute routine to wrap up loose ends and prioritise key tasks."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The routine involves prioritizing key tasks (important tasks).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'routine' or 'ends'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the unit of work that is prioritized.

SECTION 3: Mining Safety

Mining Safety (Questions 28-32 - Matching Headings)

📝 Question 28: Section A

🔹 Correct Answer: iv. A new danger caused by developments in mining
📍 Location in Passage: Section A. Discusses the move from shallow to deeper mines (development), where miners encountered a "new and terrible problem – firedamp" that exploded upon contact with a flame.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The increasing depth (development) led to the exposure of firedamp (new danger).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for the cause-and-effect relationship between technological progress (deeper mining) and a new risk (firedamp).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the cause-and-effect relationship between technological progress (deeper mining) and a new risk (firedamp).

📝 Question 29: Section B

🔹 Correct Answer: vi. Early attempts to provide lighting without flames
📍 Location in Passage: Section B. Describes early methods that sought to produce light without using a naked flame, including toxic phosphorus and a device that created cool sparks.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The section details solutions for lighting that avoid the danger of the naked flame igniting firedamp.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for specific descriptions of primitive technology for illumination.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for specific descriptions of primitive technology for illumination.

📝 Question 30: Section C

🔹 Correct Answer: iii. Growing awareness of the need to improve conditions for miners
📍 Location in Passage: Section C. States the problem was becoming acute but initially accepted; however, clerical, medical and legal professions were beginning to take notice and eventually set up a society to raise funds for new methods.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The shift from reluctant acceptance to professional/societal action demonstrates growing awareness of the need to improve conditions.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the point where social and professional groups take collective action on a problem.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the point where social and professional groups take collective action on a problem.

📝 Question 31: Section D

🔹 Correct Answer: i. A controversy over two versions of an invention
📍 Location in Passage: Section D. Describes how both Sir Humphrey Davy and George Stephenson independently designed lamps based on the same scientific principles. This led to "much discussion and argument" (controversy) over who deserved credit.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The dispute between the two inventors over recognition for the safety lamp fits the heading.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for the discussion of rival claims to an invention.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the discussion of rival claims to an invention.

📝 Question 32: Section E

🔹 Correct Answer: viii. A person whose work never received full recognition
📍 Location in Passage: Section E. Focuses on Dr William Reid Clanny, who invented his own lamp and shared his knowledge, but who to this day remains a forgotten hero.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Dr. Clanny is presented as the true, unrecognized inventor, supporting the heading.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the paragraph that focuses on a specific, overlooked historical figure.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the paragraph that focuses on a specific, overlooked historical figure.

Mining Safety (Questions 33-36 - Summary Completion)

📝 Question 33: ...the methods used for lighting them created a serious risk of explosion due to the presence of firedamp.

🔹 Correct Answer: explosion
📍 Location in Passage: Section A. "This was a natural gas, principally consisting of methane, that exploded on contact with a naked flame."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The risk associated with firedamp and naked flame was explosion.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'firedamp' (the cause) or 'methane'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific catastrophic event.

📝 Question 34: One solution was to improve ventilation by separating the shaft into two parts...

🔹 Correct Answer: shaft
📍 Location in Passage: Section B. "...dividing this into a downcast (bringing in fresh air) and an upcast (returning foul air and firedamp to the surface)." (The preceding sentence refers to the mine shaft).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Ventilation was improved by dividing the shaft into two parts.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'ventilation' or 'downcast'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the mine structure that was modified.

📝 Question 35: Another possibility was a device which created sparks, as it was believed these would not ignite the gas.

🔹 Correct Answer: sparks
📍 Location in Passage: Section B. "...consisting of a flint which struck against a piece of iron when a handle was turned, creating a shower of sparks which lit up the surrounding area."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The device created sparks for light.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'flint' or 'handle'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the source of light generated by the device.

📝 Question 36: However, this required additional manpower as well as maintenance and replacement, and it was also unsafe.

🔹 Correct Answer: manpower
📍 Location in Passage: Section B. "This device had major drawbacks – extra manpower had to be used to operate it continuously..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: One major drawback was that additional manpower had to be used.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'maintenance' or 'replacement'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the resource that was added to operate the device.

Mining Safety (Questions 37-40 - Multiple Choice)

📝 Question 37: What does the writer say about mine owners in 1810?

🔹 Correct Answer: A. Most of them disregarded safety issues.
📍 Location in Passage: Section C. "The general response, however, was to keep going and reluctantly accept the inevitable deaths from ignition of firedamp as a regrettable, but not especially remarkable, consequence of coal mining."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Accepting inevitable deaths as "not especially remarkable" indicates that most of them disregarded safety issues in favor of production.
⚠️ Potential Traps: B/C/D are incorrect interpretations of the text.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Interpret the societal/business attitude described (acceptance of deaths) as disregard for safety.

📝 Question 38: According to the writer, what was the significance of the explosion at Felling Colliery in 1812?

🔹 Correct Answer: B. It led to a change in public attitudes to mining safety.
📍 Location in Passage: Section C. "After 92 men and boys were killed in 1812... several professional people took action and a society was set up to raise funds for the discovery of new methods..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The explosion led to action by professional people and the founding of a society, signifying a change in public attitudes from passive acceptance to organized action.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is the direct result cited.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the social and organizational response that followed the event.

📝 Question 39: The lamp presented by Davy was safer than previous methods of lighting because its flame?

🔹 Correct Answer: D. could not pass beyond the mesh screen.
📍 Location in Passage: Section D. "...the flame was enclosed by a mesh screen... Air could enter the lamp through the holes, but they were too small to allow the flame of the lamp to pass through them and ignite any firedamp present in the mine tunnels."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The holes were too small to allow the flame to pass beyond the mesh screen (and ignite the gas).
⚠️ Potential Traps: B is incorrect; the flame size isn't the key factor, the mesh is.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific safety mechanism (the mesh screen preventing flame passage).

📝 Question 40: What does the writer say about Davy and Stephenson?

🔹 Correct Answer: D. Stephenson produced a working example of a safety lamp before Davy.
📍 Location in Passage: Section D. "Davy presented a paper describing the lamp in November 1815... However, a few weeks prior to Davy’s presentation, an engineer called George Stephenson had independently designed and demonstrated a lamp..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Stephenson demonstrated his lamp a few weeks prior to Davy's presentation, meaning he produced a working example before Davy.
⚠️ Potential Traps: B is incorrect; Davy's name stuck, but the text doesn't say he insisted on it.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on the chronological priority established by the writer.