تحلیل ریدینگ آیلتس جنرال کمبریج 18 - تست 2: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

مقدمه: بخش ریدینگ آیلتس جنرال، توانایی شما در درک متون کاربردی و روزمره را می‌سنجد. برای موفقیت در این بخش، باید با انواع مختلف متن و سوالات آشنا باشید و بتوانید اطلاعات مورد نیاز را به سرعت پیدا کنید. در این راهنما، تحلیل تست ۲ ریدینگ جنرال از کتاب آیلتس کمبریج ۱۸ (Cambridge IELTS 18) را به صورت جامع انجام می‌دهیم. هدف ما آموزش استراتژی‌های موثر برای مدیریت زمان و پاسخ‌دهی دقیق به سوالات متنوع این بخش، از جمله سوالات مربوط به تبلیغات، اطلاعیه‌ها و متون بلندتر است. با مطالعه این تحلیل، با ساختار آزمون بیشتر آشنا شده و با اعتماد به نفس بالاتری تمرین خواهید کرد. 

پالت ناوبری سوالات (Question Navigation)

SECTION 1: Sleeping Bags & Life Writing Prize

Sleeping Bags (Questions 1-8 - Matching Features)

📝 Question 1: This sleeping bag is not very easy to pack up.

🔹 Correct Answer: D
📍 Location in Passage: The Big Sleep 250GSM Single Cowl Sleeping (D). "Give yourself a bit of time to fit it back in the bag, though."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The advice to "Give yourself a bit of time" to fit it back in the bag implies that it is not very easy to pack up.
⚠️ Potential Traps: B folds up "remarkably small," and G packs up "compactly and is easy to get back in the bag."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for phrases indicating difficulty or time requirement for packing/storage.

📝 Question 2: People can use this sleeping bag in any season.

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: Vango Fuse -12 (A). "This all-year-round sleeping bag combines natural duck down and a new synthetic fibre."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Being described as "all-year-round" means people can use it in any season.
⚠️ Potential Traps: B excludes winter; D includes spring, summer, and autumn; C includes only summer.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for explicit phrases like "all-year-round".

📝 Question 3: This sleeping bag has been designed to ensure certain parts of the body are warm.

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: Jack Wolfskin Smoozip +3 (E). "We like the extra insulation in this sleeping bag around the areas that tend to feel the cold (head, chest and feet)."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The extra insulation targeting the head, chest and feet confirms that it has been designed to ensure certain parts of the body are warm.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for mentions of specific body parts targeted by a design feature.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for mentions of specific body parts targeted by a design feature.

📝 Question 4: This sleeping bag contains a useful storage area.

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: Outwell Campion Lux Double Sleeping Bag (B). "...and there’s a handy pocket for essentials, located inside near the top."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: A "handy pocket" serves as a useful storage area.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for words indicating built-in storage ("pocket").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words indicating built-in storage ("pocket").

📝 Question 5: People who do not want to spend much on a sleeping bag will find this one suits their needs.

🔹 Correct Answer: D
📍 Location in Passage: The Big Sleep 250GSM Single Cowl Sleeping (D). "If you want a no—frills, budget sleeping bag that will last more than one summer, opt for this."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Being a "budget sleeping bag" confirms suitability for people who do not want to spend much.
⚠️ Potential Traps: A states the boots are expensive (wrong section, but illustrates the contrast).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for explicit financial indicators ("budget," "no-frills").

📝 Question 6: This sleeping bag can also keep the user warm during the daytime.

🔹 Correct Answer: F
📍 Location in Passage: Vango Starwalker Dragon (F). "This innovative, high-quality kids’ sleeping bag enables you to undo some zips and turn it into a fun, animal—themed coat."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Being able to turn the sleeping bag into a coat means it can be used to keep the user warm during the daytime.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the dual function of the product (bag/coat).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the dual function of the product (bag/coat).

📝 Question 7: People who wish to avoid carrying heavy weights should try this sleeping bag.

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Nordisk Oscar +10 (C). "At just 350g, this sleeping bag is remarkably light... which makes it ideal for backpacking."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Being "remarkably light" and ideal for backpacking confirms suitability for people who wish to avoid carrying heavy weights.
⚠️ Potential Traps: A weighs 1.5kg; D is for budget; G is light but "too big for a rucksack."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the lowest weight combined with a reason for its lightness.

📝 Question 8: This sleeping bag contains two different types of material.

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: Vango Fuse -12 (A). "This all-year-round sleeping bag combines natural duck down and a new synthetic fibre."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The bag combines natural duck down and a new synthetic fibre, confirming it contains two different types of material.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for explicit mention of material composition (combines X and Y).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for explicit mention of material composition (combines X and Y).

Life Writing Prize (Questions 9-14 - True/False/Not Given)

📝 Question 9: Writers can submit an entry of fewer than 5,000 words for the Life Writing Prize.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "Entries should be original works of life writing of no more than 5,000 words. There is no minimum word count."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Since there is "no minimum word count," an entry can be fewer than 5,000 words.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for the absence of a minimum limit to confirm flexibility below the maximum.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the absence of a minimum limit to confirm flexibility below the maximum.

📝 Question 10: Writers can choose to write about the life of a person they know.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "Life Writing is defined as non fiction and should be based on a significant portion from the author’s own experience. Traditional biographies, where the piece is only about the experience of someone else, are excluded."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Entries based only on the experience of someone else (like a person they know) are excluded.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Check the exclusion criteria to contradict the statement.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Check the exclusion criteria to contradict the statement.

📝 Question 11: People who have entered an earlier Life Writing competition without achieving any success may enter again.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Writers who have previously won or been highly commended in the Life Writing Prize are excluded from entering; otherwise, previous entrants may submit."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Only winners/highly commended writers are excluded; "otherwise" (those without success) may submit.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Check the conditional exclusion to confirm the inclusion of the opposite group.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Check the conditional exclusion to confirm the inclusion of the opposite group.

📝 Question 12: Writers who are between 19 and 25 years old and in full-time education have won the prize in previous years.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "The Life Writing Prize is open to writers aged over 18 and resident in the UK who are emerging writers..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text defines the eligibility criteria (over 18, UK resident, emerging writer). It does not mention the previous winners' ages or educational status.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. NOT GIVEN when a specific detail about past winners (age range, education) is missing.
⭐ Key Learning Point: NOT GIVEN when a specific detail about past winners (age range, education) is missing.

📝 Question 13: Only one prize is awarded at the end of the Life Writing competition.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7. "The winner will receive £1,500... Two highly commended entries will receive £500..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text lists a winner and two highly commended entries that receive prizes, meaning more than one prize is awarded.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Check all listed awards against the absolute claim ("Only one prize").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Check all listed awards against the absolute claim ("Only one prize").

📝 Question 14: Previous winners of the Life Writing Prize have gone on to become successful published writers.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7. Lists the prizes, including publication on the website and a meeting with an editor/agent.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The prizes include things that help future success (publication, meetings with agents/editors). However, the text does not provide any evidence that previous winners have gone on to become successful published writers.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Do not assume future success based on the resources provided to the winners.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Do not assume future success based on the resources provided to the winners.

SECTION 2: Employee Health & Kitchen Guidelines

Employee Health (Questions 15-21 - Notes Completion)

📝 Question 15: less absenteeism

🔹 Correct Answer: absenteeism
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "Putting effort into employee wellness can reduce absenteeism and encourage better teamwork..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: A benefit of wellness is reduced absenteeism.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'teamwork' or 'productivity'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the key negative metric that is reduced.

📝 Question 16: make healthier options available to replace soda

🔹 Correct Answer: soda
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "A simple thing to do is substitute soda in any on-site vending machines with water or juice."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The drink to be replaced is soda.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'water' or 'juice'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the unhealthy item to be replaced.

📝 Question 17: offer fruit at no cost

🔹 Correct Answer: fruit
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Consider putting a bowl of fruit out in the staff room and urge everyone to help themselves for free."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The healthy item offered free of charge is fruit.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'bowl'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific food item offered for free.

📝 Question 18: provide a fridge for staff use

🔹 Correct Answer: fridge
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "...by making sure that there is a fridge in the break room."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The item to encourage staff to bring healthy lunches is a fridge.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'break room'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific appliance provided.

📝 Question 19: provide somewhere for employees to leave their bikes

🔹 Correct Answer: bikes
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "...installing racks for bikes in your staff car park..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The item left on racks in the car park is bikes.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'racks'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the form of transport that needs parking space.

📝 Question 20: provide showers for workers who exercise

🔹 Correct Answer: showers
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "...and putting in showers to assist those who ride or run to the workplace."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Showers assist those who ride or run (exercise) to work.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'run' or 'ride'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the facility provided for exercise.

📝 Question 21: find out how employees feel at work by using surveys

🔹 Correct Answer: surveys
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "running employee surveys to get valuable information on morale in the workplace..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Surveys are used to get information on morale (how employees feel).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'morale' or 'rebates'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the method of data collection.

Kitchen Guidelines (Questions 22-27 - Sentence Completion)

📝 Question 22: Chefs’ uniforms and aprons must be washed for every shift.

🔹 Correct Answer: aprons
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "The regulation chefs” shirts and trousers are to be freshly laundered before starting a new shift, along with aprons if they are worn."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Uniforms (shirts and trousers) and aprons must be freshly laundered (washed).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'shirts' or 'trousers' (part of the uniform).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the additional clothing item requiring washing.

📝 Question 23: Kitchen staff need to change the board when they start chopping another kind of food.

🔹 Correct Answer: board
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "To this end. staff must use a clean board each time they out different types of food."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Staff must use a clean board (cutting board) for different types of food.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'food' or 'time'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the piece of equipment that needs changing.

📝 Question 24: All staff must make sure their hands are clean after handling money.

🔹 Correct Answer: money
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Staff should not touch money and then food without washing their hands in between."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Hands must be washed after handling money before touching food.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'hands' or 'food'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the item that necessitates immediate hand washing.

📝 Question 25: Workers in the kitchen should not attempt to repair appliances.

🔹 Correct Answer: appliances
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "Defective appliances must be turned off and not used — staff must not tw to fix them themselves."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Defective appliances should not be repaired by staff.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'defective' or 'fix'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the kitchen equipment that staff must not try to fix.

📝 Question 26: Labels are required to identify any chemicals kept in the kitchen.

🔹 Correct Answer: Labels
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 8. "...they must have clear labels, so as to avoid any confusion about the contents."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Containers of chemicals must have clear labels.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'chemicals' or 'confusion'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the item required for identification.

📝 Question 27: It is forbidden for kitchen staff to have drinks from the storeroom.

🔹 Correct Answer: storeroom
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 9. "Beverages kept in the storeroom may not be consumed by staff, but filtered water is provided free of charge in the staff room."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Beverages from the storeroom may not be consumed by staff.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'beverages' or 'staff room'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the location where forbidden drinks are kept.

SECTION 3: Clothkits

Clothkits (Questions 28-31 - Matching Information)

📝 Question 28: mention of Mawer’s desire to oversee all the stages of her business

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E. "I wanted to feel that everyone involved in the brand, from design to production, was part of a process I could witness."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The quote expresses Mawer's desire to witness and feel involved in the entire process, from design to production, matching the desire to oversee all the stages of her business.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for words that indicate control, monitoring, or involvement across the entire supply chain.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words that indicate control, monitoring, or involvement across the entire supply chain.

📝 Question 29: reference to changing employment patterns among the general population

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C. "but the times were changing as well,’ she says. ‘More women were going out to work and sewing less for their children.’"
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The shift of more women going out to work is a change in employment patterns among the general population.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for discussions about societal shifts or workforce demographics.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for discussions about societal shifts or workforce demographics.

📝 Question 30: the date when Clothkits was originally established as a product

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B. "The brand, founded in 1968, was created by the designer Anne Kennedy..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The founding date of 1968 is explicitly stated in this paragraph.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Scan for specific dates related to the company's inception.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Scan for specific dates related to the company's inception.

📝 Question 31: the benefits of sewing a garment and then wearing it

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E. "Making your own clothes gives you a greater appreciation of the craftsmanship... When you know the process involved in making a skirt, you treasure it in a way you wouldn’t if you’d bought it..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The benefits of self-sewing include greater appreciation and treasuring the item, which are advantages beyond merely owning the garment.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for words that describe the psychological or emotional value gained from the DIY process.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words that describe the psychological or emotional value gained from the DIY process.

Clothkits (Questions 32-35 - Multiple Choice)

📝 Question 32: in Paragraph A, the writer says that Kay Mawer was reminded about Clothkits by

🔹 Correct Answer: D. a conversation with someone she knew.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph A. "...but when a girlfriend mentioned the name Clothkits while we were chatting, it was as if a door suddenly opened..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The name was mentioned during a conversation with a friend.
⚠️ Potential Traps: A, B, and C are incorrect methods of being reminded.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific medium through which the information was conveyed (conversation/chatting).

📝 Question 33: What does the reader learn about Clothkits in the 1960s and 1970s?

🔹 Correct Answer: A. Its designs represented the attitudes of the time.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B. "Clothkits has always embodied the spirit of the late 1960s and 1970s."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The statement that Clothkits "embodied the spirit" of the time means its designs represented the attitudes of the time.
⚠️ Potential Traps: C is incorrect; Kennedy had her own sewing disasters but Clothkits was a success.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Match the concept of "embodied the spirit" to representation of attitudes.

📝 Question 34: Why did Clothkits close in 1991?

🔹 Correct Answer: C. Freeman’s was an unsuitable partner.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C. "...but its ethos as a big, corporate company did not sit well alongside the alternative and artistic values of Clothkits. In 1991, Clothkits was made dormant..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The core issue was that Freeman's ethos did not sit well with Clothkits' values (an unsuitable partnership), leading to it being made dormant.
⚠️ Potential Traps: A is incorrect; administrative problems were earlier. D is incorrect; Freeman's used the database.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the reason for the failure (clash of company cultures/ethos).

📝 Question 35: What point does the writer make in Paragraph E?

🔹 Correct Answer: C. People are more concerned about throwing away items than in the past.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E. "The revival of Clothkits has also, of course, coincided with a growing sense of dissatisfaction at our disposable society..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Dissatisfaction with a disposable society means people are more concerned about throwing away items (or disposing of them).
⚠️ Potential Traps: D is incorrect; the revival coincided with a resurgence of interest in sewing/knitting.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Link the societal trend (dissatisfaction with disposable society) to the provided option.

The Early Days of Clothkits (Questions 36-40 - Summary Completion)

📝 Question 36: Her clothing company specialised in selling fabric with a pattern printed on it.

🔹 Correct Answer: fabric
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B. "...the ingenious idea of printing a pattern straight on to coloured fabric so that a paper pattern was not needed."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The company sold fabric with the pattern printed on it.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the raw material sold by the company.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the raw material sold by the company.

📝 Question 37: This came with instructions, which meant that buyers were able to make their own garments.

🔹 Correct Answer: instructions
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B. "It was accompanied by instructions that almost anyone could follow on how to cut the pieces out and sew them together."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The item was accompanied by instructions.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the guidance document provided.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the guidance document provided.

📝 Question 38: The very first garment Anne Kennedy made was a multi-coloured striped dress with a geometric pattern.

🔹 Correct Answer: geometric
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B. "Its initial design was a dress in a geometric stripe in orange, pink, turquoise and purple."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The initial design had a geometric stripe pattern.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the type of pattern used for the design.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the type of pattern used for the design.

📝 Question 39: A newspaper article led to many orders for this from around the world.

🔹 Correct Answer: newspaper
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B. "...after it was featured in the Observer newspaper, Kennedy received more than £2,000 worth of orders."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The item was featured in the newspaper.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the media source that generated the orders.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the media source that generated the orders.

📝 Question 40: ...and also sold knitwear as part of her business.

🔹 Correct Answer: knitwear
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B. "Sew-your—own kits formed the core of the business, supplemented by knitwear."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The business was supplemented by knitwear.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the supplementary product sold by the company.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the supplementary product sold by the company.