تحلیل ریدینگ آیلتس جنرال کمبریج 19 - تست 1: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

مقدمه: بخش ریدینگ آیلتس جنرال، توانایی شما در درک متون کاربردی و روزمره را می‌سنجد. برای موفقیت در این بخش، باید با انواع مختلف متن و سوالات آشنا باشید و بتوانید اطلاعات مورد نیاز را به سرعت پیدا کنید. در این راهنما، تحلیل تست ۱ ریدینگ جنرال از کتاب آیلتس کمبریج ۱۹ (Cambridge IELTS 19) را به صورت جامع انجام می‌دهیم. هدف ما آموزش استراتژی‌های موثر برای مدیریت زمان و پاسخ‌دهی دقیق به سوالات متنوع این بخش، از جمله سوالات مربوط به تبلیغات، اطلاعیه‌ها و متون بلندتر است. با مطالعه این تحلیل، با ساختار آزمون بیشتر آشنا شده و با اعتماد به نفس بالاتری تمرین خواهید کرد. 

پالت ناوبری سوالات (Question Navigation)

SECTION 1: Gobridge Tramlink & Adorable Knitwear

Gobridge Tramlink (Questions 1-7 - True/False/Not Given)

📝 Question 1: The city buses start operating later than the trams.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1. "Our first tram from the city centre leaves from Marvin Square at 6.30 am, half an hour after the first city bus service."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: If the first tram leaves at 6:30 am, and that is half an hour after the first bus, the bus service starts at 6:00 am. Therefore, the city buses start operating earlier than the trams, contradicting the statement.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Students must calculate the starting time of the bus based on the relative timing given.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay close attention to time relationships ("half an hour after") and deduce the correct chronological order.

📝 Question 2: You can get a tram from the airport to the city centre up to midnight.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "Trams from the airport to the city centre start running at 6.15 am and leave every fifteen minutes until 7.30 pm when the evening schedule takes over. Trams then run to the main railway station... and end at 11.35 pm."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Trams run to the city centre only until 7:30 pm. The late trams (ending 11:35 pm) go only to the main railway station. Therefore, the service to the city centre does not run up to midnight.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing the city centre destination with the railway station destination.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Check all geographical restrictions and corresponding time limits.

📝 Question 3: The 207 bus service stops at the main railway station.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "If your flight arrives later than this [11:35 pm], the number 207 airport bus runs every hour through the night."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states the 207 bus runs through the night. It does not provide any information about the route or stops of this night bus, specifically whether it stops at the main railway station.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. NOT GIVEN when a specific destination on a route is missing.
⭐ Key Learning Point: NOT GIVEN when a specific destination on a route is missing.

📝 Question 4: The cost of a tram ticket varies depending on your journey.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "Check your route and make sure you buy the correct price ticket."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The advice to check your route to ensure you buy the correct price ticket implies that the ticket price varies based on the length/type of your journey.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is an implied truth: different prices for different routes means the cost varies by journey.
⭐ Key Learning Point: This is an implied truth: different prices for different routes means the cost varies by journey.

📝 Question 5: Bicycles are allowed on the trams between 7.30 am and 10 am.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Bicycles may only be taken on the trams during off-peak travel periods: up to 7.30 am, between 10 am and 2.30 pm and after 7 pm."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The periods when bikes are allowed are up to 7:30 am and between 10 am and 2:30 pm. The period between 7:30 am and 10 am is explicitly excluded.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Students must notice the gap in the permitted times.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Carefully map the start and end points of all permitted time windows.

📝 Question 6: Additional trams run during the Gobridge festival period.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Festivals and other large events may also mean that bicycles are prohibited as trams carry extra passengers at these times."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text confirms that extra passengers are carried during festivals. It does not state whether the tram operator puts on additional trams to accommodate these passengers.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Do not assume a response (additional trams) based on the observation of a problem (extra passengers).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Do not assume a response (additional trams) based on the observation of a problem (extra passengers).

📝 Question 7: Cyclists may be asked to leave the tram if they block the exit.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "...ensure they do not obstruct the entrance, exit or any other area of public access."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text requires cyclists not to obstruct the exit. It does not state what the consequence is if they do block the exit (e.g., being asked to leave).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The text states the rule/requirement, but omits the consequence/penalty.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The text states the rule/requirement, but omits the consequence/penalty.

Adorable Knitwear Reviews (Questions 8-14 - Matching Features)

📝 Question 8: The colour of the sweater did not match the website image.

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: Davina (B). "The purple one is pretty, though I expected a lighter shade from the picture."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Expecting a lighter shade from the picture means the colour of the sweater did not match the website image (it was darker than expected).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for words that express discrepancy or difference between the product and the image ("expected a lighter shade").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words that express discrepancy or difference between the product and the image ("expected a lighter shade").

📝 Question 9: The customer took some time to decide on the purchase.

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: Mary-Anne (A). "I spent a while thinking about buying this sweater because of the price, but I’m glad I finally did."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Spending "a while thinking about buying" confirms the customer took some time to decide.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for phrases indicating extended deliberation ("spent a while thinking").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for phrases indicating extended deliberation ("spent a while thinking").

📝 Question 10: The customer initially bought the wrong size.

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Naga (C). "I opted for the medium, but it was too tight so I exchanged it."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Buying the medium and finding it too tight means she initially bought the wrong size, which she then exchanged.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for words indicating sizing error and subsequent action ("too tight," "exchanged").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words indicating sizing error and subsequent action ("too tight," "exchanged").

📝 Question 11: The customer changed her mind about returning a sweater.

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: Laura (E). "I couldn’t decide which colour to get so I bought the deep blue and the charcoal grey, with every intention of sending one of them back. That didn’t happen, of course!"
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Having the intention of sending one back but choosing not to means the customer changed her mind about returning a sweater.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for the stated initial intent followed by a phrase indicating reversal ("That didn’t happen").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the stated initial intent followed by a phrase indicating reversal ("That didn’t happen").

📝 Question 12: The customer bought a bigger size than she usually does.

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: Mary-Anne (A). "I tend to take medium but went for large, which was a wise decision as there is plenty of room..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Usually taking medium but going for large confirms the customer bought a bigger size than she usually does.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for the comparison between the standard size ("tend to take") and the actual size bought ("went for").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the comparison between the standard size ("tend to take") and the actual size bought ("went for").

📝 Question 13: The sweater can be worn for smart or casual occasions.

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: Laura (E). "These sweaters are lovely to wear with jeans (casual) but also stylish enough to wear to work (smart)."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Being worn with jeans (casual) but also stylish enough to wear to work (smart) confirms the sweater can be worn for smart or casual occasions.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for the use of contrasting adjectives to describe suitability for different contexts.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the use of contrasting adjectives to describe suitability for different contexts.

📝 Question 14: The customer was worried that the sweater wouldn’t suit her.

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Naga (C). "I ordered the olive green with stripes and, although I wasn’t sure it was going to look right on me, I was pleasantly surprised when I put it on."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Being "not sure it was going to look right on me" is an expression of worry that the sweater wouldn't suit her.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for expressions of pre-purchase doubt or concern about appearance.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for expressions of pre-purchase doubt or concern about appearance.

SECTION 2: How to Become a Great Leader & Resigning Professionally

How to Become a Great Leader (Questions 15-21 - Sentence Completion)

📝 Question 15: Initially, a leader needs to focus on gaining the trust of the staff.

🔹 Correct Answer: trust
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1. "...so work hard to earn their trust."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text highlights that earning staff trust is key from the outset (initially).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the key interpersonal resource required early on.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the key interpersonal resource required early on.

📝 Question 16: A leader should decide on goals that their staff are happy to fulfil.

🔹 Correct Answer: goals
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "...set bold goals... that everyone in the organization understands them, buys into them, and is willing to work together to achieve them."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The leader sets goals that staff should be willing to work together/buy into (happy to fulfil).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the strategic noun that inspires unified action.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the strategic noun that inspires unified action.

📝 Question 17: Leaders should involve their staff in the process of producing a different strategy.

🔹 Correct Answer: strategy
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "...and involve them in making the changes by participating in the design of a new strategy."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Staff should participate in the design of a new strategy.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the noun for the overall organizational plan.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the noun for the overall organizational plan.

📝 Question 18: If tricky issues arise, leaders should give staff the space to find solutions to them.

🔹 Correct Answer: solutions
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "It’s important to give staff time to come up with new ideas and solutions that will fix new problems."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Staff need time to come up with solutions to fix new problems (tricky issues).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the noun for the answer to a problem.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the noun for the answer to a problem.

📝 Question 19: Leaders need to encourage their staff to feel pride in the past achievements of the company.

🔹 Correct Answer: pride
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "Honour those early pioneers and instil a sense of pride across the organization."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Leaders should instil a sense of pride (in pioneers/past achievements).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the positive emotion to be instilled.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the positive emotion to be instilled.

📝 Question 20: It is important for leaders to agree to a certain degree of risk when necessary.

🔹 Correct Answer: risk
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7. "Leaders need to accept that some risk may be required if the situation calls for it."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Leaders need to accept some risk when the situation calls for it (when necessary).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the unavoidable negative factor in business decisions.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the unavoidable negative factor in business decisions.

📝 Question 21: If leaders find the future of the company exciting, their staff will be more motivated to work hard.

🔹 Correct Answer: future
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 8. "...and having a leader who is genuinely thrilled about its future is hugely inspiring."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Enthusiasm about the company's future is inspiring/motivating.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the time orientation that inspires staff.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the time orientation that inspires staff.

Resigning Professionally (Questions 22-27 - Notes Completion)

📝 Question 22: Avoid all temptations to resign in an angry way.

🔹 Correct Answer: temptations
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1. "But you need to resist these temptations because in future you might find you’re working with your ex-line manager or other colleagues in a different company."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text warns against resisting these temptations (e.g., dancing out the door, criticising the boss).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the noun for the actions that should be avoided.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the noun for the actions that should be avoided.

📝 Question 23: mention any projects which are underway and give ideas for their completion.

🔹 Correct Answer: completion
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "...status updates and suggestions concerning completion."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The list should include suggestions concerning completion of ongoing tasks.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the noun for the act of finishing a task.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the noun for the act of finishing a task.

📝 Question 24: request information on the type of reference you will receive.

🔹 Correct Answer: reference
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "Ask about a reference too; your employer may only supply the most basic type but your line manager might also give you a more personal one."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The meeting should include asking about a reference.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the document needed for future job hunting.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the document needed for future job hunting.

📝 Question 25: Work to cause as little disruption as possible to the organisation.

🔹 Correct Answer: disruption
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "...minimise disruption to your employer."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The goal is to minimize disruption to the employer.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the negative outcome that should be minimized.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the negative outcome that should be minimized.

📝 Question 26: Avoid mentioning any failings in the organisation.

🔹 Correct Answer: failings
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Don’t be tempted to address the failings of the company or your boss, either."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The resignation letter should avoid addressing the failings of the company.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the negative noun to be excluded from the letter.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the negative noun to be excluded from the letter.

📝 Question 27: show appreciation for aspects of the job, e.g., the chance to improve your skills.

🔹 Correct Answer: skills
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4 (Second paragraph bullet). "Mention any particular career-building projects you worked on or opportunities to develop skills and contribute to the employer’s goals and successes."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The letter should mention the opportunity to develop skills.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the personal resource gained from the job.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the personal resource gained from the job.

SECTION 3: Emojis

Emojis (Questions 28-32 - Matching Headings)

📝 Question 28: Section A

🔹 Correct Answer: vi. The rapid spread of a new way of interacting
📍 Location in Passage: Section A. Mentions that language is changing at a faster rate, that emojis began their growth in 2011, and within four years were used by over 90 per cent of the online population (rapid spread).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph focuses on the speed and extent (90% of online population) of the adoption of emojis as a new form of communication.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for discussion of growth rate and prevalence in the market/population.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for discussion of growth rate and prevalence in the market/population.

📝 Question 29: Section B

🔹 Correct Answer: iii. How words and emojis both fulfil new needs in our society
📍 Location in Passage: Section B. Discusses how language mirrors changes and needs to assimilate fresh concepts (new needs). It notes that emojis fill gaps in vocabulary not just with new words but with an absolutely new system of expression, linking the two fulfillment methods.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The section contrasts and compares how both words and emojis meet the constant need for new expression in a changing society.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for the discussion of language evolution and how a new system (emojis) assists the existing one (words).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the discussion of language evolution and how a new system (emojis) assists the existing one (words).

📝 Question 30: Section C

🔹 Correct Answer: viii. The value of emojis for making feelings clear
📍 Location in Passage: Section C. States emojis evolved as a solution because computer messaging tends toward the emotionally empty. Emojis compensate for the lack of facial expression/tone, acting as a means of restoring this emotional framing (making feelings clear).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The primary function described is restoring emotional context to digital interaction.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for phrases discussing emotion, tone, or compensation for lack of facial expression.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for phrases discussing emotion, tone, or compensation for lack of facial expression.

📝 Question 31: Section D

🔹 Correct Answer: i. Why emojis may have a short life
📍 Location in Passage: Section D. Describes emojis as having something akin to built-in obsolescence and that their usefulness is artificially limited because they undergo routine enhancements and redesigns, which contrasts with traditional language systems.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The entire paragraph discusses the technological factors that make emojis ephemeral and routinely refreshed (short life).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for words like obsolescence, refresh rate, or artificially limited.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words like obsolescence, refresh rate, or artificially limited.

📝 Question 32: Section E

🔹 Correct Answer: v. The use of emojis in different fields and what this means for us
📍 Location in Passage: Section E. Lists the widespread use of emojis in politics, marketing, art, entertainment, fashion, architecture, advertising, and commerce (different fields). It then concludes that understanding this can help us understand our relationship with technology, society and ourselves (what this means for us).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The section details the ubiquitous nature of emojis across modern culture and its broad significance.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for the list of application areas and the concluding philosophical statement on their meaning.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the list of application areas and the concluding philosophical statement on their meaning.

Emojis (Questions 33-37 - Summary Completion)

📝 Question 33: It is probable that before long, an emoji such as the ‘face with tears of joy’ will seem dated.

🔹 Correct Answer: dated
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "There’s a good chance, then, that the emoji... will also appear to be dated in a few years."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The emoji will appear to be dated in a few years.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the adjective describing the future status of the emoji.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the adjective describing the future status of the emoji.

📝 Question 34: This is of interest as it tells us about developments in society, providing an effective way to focus on both the...

🔹 Correct Answer: society
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "But the reasons for this offer a fascinating insight into the way that society is evolving."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The reasons for the change offer insight into how society is evolving.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the field of study that gains insight from the change.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the field of study that gains insight from the change.

📝 Question 35: ...providing an effective way to focus on both the history and the future of human communication.

🔹 Correct Answer: history
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "...acts as a surprisingly good lens through which to view the history of human communication, and to predict its future."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The emoji acts as a lens through which to view the history and future of human communication.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the time dimension that is contrasted with the future.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the time dimension that is contrasted with the future.

📝 Question 36: They reflect the ways in which the identity of groups and generations changes over time...

🔹 Correct Answer: identity
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "As an expression of identity, language is adapted by different groups and different generations to reflect their own sense of self."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Language is adapted to reflect the sense of self/change in identity of groups and generations.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the abstract concept of the group's self-perception.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the abstract concept of the group's self-perception.

📝 Question 37: ...and they allow new concepts to be included.

🔹 Correct Answer: concepts
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "It also needs to constantly assimilate fresh concepts as these evolve."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Language needs to assimilate fresh concepts.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the noun that describes the new ideas being assimilated.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the noun that describes the new ideas being assimilated.

Emojis (Questions 38-40 - Multiple Choice)

📝 Question 38: What does the writer say about ‘Words of the Year’?

🔹 Correct Answer: B. They are soon forgotten by the public.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "And often, once that time has passed, they fade from people’s consciousness almost as quickly as they arose."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Fading from people's consciousness is a direct paraphrase for being soon forgotten by the public.
⚠️ Potential Traps: C is incorrect; they are judged to be reflective of the ethos, not necessarily required to have social significance.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the statement on permanence/longevity of the Words of the Year.

📝 Question 39: The writer says that the usefulness of emojis is limited because

🔹 Correct Answer: A. they are constantly being changed.
📍 Location in Passage: Section D. "Emojis... have something akin to a built-in obsolescence... Because of this, their usefulness is artificially limited." (The reason for obsolescence is the frequent refresh rate and subtle redesigns.)
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The frequent refresh rate and routine enhancements mean they are constantly being changed, which artificially limits their usefulness.
⚠️ Potential Traps: D is incorrect; they are linked to the operating systems, but the change rate is the problem.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the technological force that causes the limitation (constant change/refresh).

📝 Question 40: What would be the best subtitle for this text?

🔹 Correct Answer: D. What do emojis tell us about the world we live in?
📍 Location in Passage: Section E. "Understanding why they’ve become so popular, and how they work, can not only explain something about the nature of language; it can also help us to understand our relationship with technology, society and ourselves."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text argues that studying emojis helps us understand language, technology, society, and ourselves, summarizing What do emojis tell us about the world we live in?
⚠️ Potential Traps: A, B, and C are too narrow or suggest a critique.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The best subtitle captures the broadest interpretive aim stated in the final paragraph.