تحلیل ریدینگ آیلتس جنرال کمبریج 19 - تست 2: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

مقدمه: بخش ریدینگ آیلتس جنرال، توانایی شما در درک متون کاربردی و روزمره را می‌سنجد. برای موفقیت در این بخش، باید با انواع مختلف متن و سوالات آشنا باشید و بتوانید اطلاعات مورد نیاز را به سرعت پیدا کنید. در این راهنما، تحلیل تست ۲ ریدینگ جنرال از کتاب آیلتس کمبریج ۱۹ (Cambridge IELTS 19) را به صورت جامع انجام می‌دهیم. هدف ما آموزش استراتژی‌های موثر برای مدیریت زمان و پاسخ‌دهی دقیق به سوالات متنوع این بخش، از جمله سوالات مربوط به تبلیغات، اطلاعیه‌ها و متون بلندتر است. با مطالعه این تحلیل، با ساختار آزمون بیشتر آشنا شده و با اعتماد به نفس بالاتری تمرین خواهید کرد. 

پالت ناوبری سوالات (Question Navigation)

SECTION 1: Local Campsites & Durridge Heights Newsletter

Local Campsites (Questions 1-7 - Matching Features)

📝 Question 1: The site is impossible to get to at certain times.

🔹 Correct Answer: D
📍 Location in Passage: South Turnbull (D). "...and in periods of bad weather it can’t be reached at all so check on the website before you go."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The statement that the site "can't be reached at all" in bad weather means it is impossible to get to at certain times.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for absolute restrictions based on environmental conditions.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for absolute restrictions based on environmental conditions.

📝 Question 2: It is in a convenient place for going by car to various tourist spots.

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: Prettycoat Farm (A). "...the site, with its large tent pitches, is an ideal base for exploring the area and driving to the rock museum, the craft workshops or Gaydon Castle."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Being an "ideal base for exploring the area and driving to various tourist spots" (rock museum, etc.) confirms the convenient place for going by car.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for phrases indicating location utility ("ideal base for driving to").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for phrases indicating location utility ("ideal base for driving to").

📝 Question 3: You should camp somewhere inside the marked zone.

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Oakerly Estate (C). "Make sure you stay safe and pitch your tent within the white line around the cliff edge..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The instruction to pitch the tent within the white line confirms that you should camp somewhere inside the marked zone.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for phrases defining a mandatory boundary ("within the white line").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for phrases defining a mandatory boundary ("within the white line").

📝 Question 4: Campers who enjoy a particular physical challenge come here.

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: Boxer Trepis (E). "The 20-metre high rockfaces that surround this site are especially attractive to rock climbers, who come here to camp from hundreds of miles away..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The site is especially attractive to rock climbers (a particular physical challenge).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for words indicating specific activity attracting enthusiasts.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words indicating specific activity attracting enthusiasts.

📝 Question 5: The difficult journey to the site is worth the effort.

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Oakerly Estate (C). "You won’t be disappointed when you reach Oakerly, despite the problems of getting there by car on such narrow roads."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The phrase "won't be disappointed... despite the problems" (of the difficult journey) implies that the good destination makes the effort worthwhile.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for a phrase that sets up a positive contrast to a preceding difficulty.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for a phrase that sets up a positive contrast to a preceding difficulty.

📝 Question 6: Few people have heard of this site.

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: Newgammon Wild (B). "It only opened last year, but already the website has some very positive reviews from the handful of campers who know about it so far."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The phrase "handful of campers who know about it so far" suggests that few people have heard of this site.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for phrases indicating low awareness or limited knowledge ("handful of campers").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for phrases indicating low awareness or limited knowledge ("handful of campers").

📝 Question 7: Some physical effort is needed to enjoy nearby coastal areas.

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: Newgammon Wild (B). "...beaches, which can be accessed by steep, narrow cliff steps. You need a good level of fitness for these, and don’t forget to leave some energy for the return trip..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The requirement for a "good level of fitness" and energy to climb steep cliff steps confirms that physical effort is needed to enjoy the coastal areas.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for explicit mention of fitness or energy requirements for local access.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for explicit mention of fitness or energy requirements for local access.

Durridge Heights Newsletter (Questions 8-14 - True/False/Not Given)

📝 Question 8: The water penetration in some flats is being treated as an emergency.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Water penetration. "As a result of the recent heavy rains... A decision has been taken to deal with this immediately."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: A decision to deal with the problem "immediately" implies it is being treated as an emergency.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for time-sensitive words that indicate urgency or priority ("immediately").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for time-sensitive words that indicate urgency or priority ("immediately").

📝 Question 9: The southern wall will undergo a permanent repair this year.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Water penetration. "...the brickwork there will be sealed temporarily with a waterproof covering to prevent any further water getting in until the major building works take place next year."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The current action is a temporary sealing, and the major/permanent work will take place next year, contradicting the statement that a permanent repair will happen this year.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Check the type of repair (temporary vs. permanent) and the timeline (this year vs. next year).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Check the type of repair (temporary vs. permanent) and the timeline (this year vs. next year).

📝 Question 10: Some people have failed to pay attention to 'wet paint' signs.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Internal redecorations. "Please look out for signs indicating where the paint is wet. If you have children, make sure they keep away from the walls. DH cannot be held responsible for any spoilt clothing."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Residents are warned to look out for 'wet paint' signs and to keep children away. However, the text does not state that any people have failed to pay attention or have ignored the signs.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The text states the warning/risk, but omits the occurrence of the incident.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The text states the warning/risk, but omits the occurrence of the incident.

📝 Question 11: Air fresheners have caused some damage in the past.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Air fresheners. "...However, they were costly and the liquid in their spray stained the carpets."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The liquid from the spray stained the carpets, which is a form of damage.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Recognize synonyms: "stained the carpets" $\approx$ "caused some damage."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Recognize synonyms: "stained the carpets" $\approx$ "caused some damage."

📝 Question 12: Residents are responsible for removing their own rubbish from the building.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Air fresheners. "...seal rubbish bags when they put them in the corridor for collection and disposal by the caretaker."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The bags are for collection and disposal by the caretaker, meaning residents are not responsible for removing their own rubbish from the building (the caretaker does the final removal).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Check who is assigned the task (residents put it out, caretaker collects/removes it).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Check who is assigned the task (residents put it out, caretaker collects/removes it).

📝 Question 13: Some residents have reported problems with noisy neighbours.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Noise and DIY. "While most leaseholders observe the regulations on noise, we have received complaints from others about out-of-hours drilling."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Complaints about drilling (a type of noise) from neighbours (leaseholders) confirms that some residents have reported problems with noisy neighbours.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for the term "complaints" and the source of the noise.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the term "complaints" and the source of the noise.

📝 Question 14: DIY can take place outside the stated hours if your neighbour agrees.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Noise and DIY. "...any work involving hammers or electrical tools can only take place between 9.00 am and 5.30 pm on weekdays and between 9.00 am and 12.30 pm on a Saturday. There can be no exceptions to this rule."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states There can be no exceptions to this rule, contradicting the statement that it can happen if your neighbour agrees.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Check for absolute negative phrases ("no exceptions") that negate conditional permissions.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Check for absolute negative phrases ("no exceptions") that negate conditional permissions.

SECTION 2: Care Worker & Work-Life Balance

A Day in the Life of a Care Worker (Questions 15-20 - Flowchart Completion)

📝 Question 15: You may have to help the client get up and dressed if they have a condition that makes this challenging.

🔹 Correct Answer: condition
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "...they may suffer from a condition that prevents them from doing this easily."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The reason for the challenge is a condition the client suffers from.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'suffer' or 'easily'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the noun for the illness/ailment.

📝 Question 16: The next task may be cooking breakfast and it’s nice to have some conversation at this time.

🔹 Correct Answer: conversation
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "...and this is often a good time to enjoy a conversation and catch up on how they are feeling."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Breakfast is a good time to enjoy a conversation.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'chat' or 'time'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the social activity enjoyed at this time.

📝 Question 17: It may be a good idea to do some housework after this, such as hoovering and washing up.

🔹 Correct Answer: hoovering
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "Even something as simple as hoovering the living room can make a huge difference... Of course, there may be the breakfast dishes to do as well [washing up]."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The housework activity mentioned alongside washing up is hoovering.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'dishes' (already implied).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific cleaning activity mentioned.

📝 Question 18: You may then visit a second client and help them get a healthy lunch ready.

🔹 Correct Answer: healthy
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Care workers try to ensure this is healthy because it is so important to keep clients fit and well."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The care worker helps prepare a healthy midday meal.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'midday' or 'meal'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the quality of the meal emphasized.

📝 Question 19: Lunch may be followed by some shopping.

🔹 Correct Answer: shopping
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "When that’s finished, the care worker may help the client to carry out their shopping by going with them to the local supermarket."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The midday meal is followed by helping with shopping.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'supermarket' or 'carry out'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the activity that takes place at the supermarket.

📝 Question 20: Afterwards, a third client may need help with an activity that involves going out of their home, such as doing their laundry.

🔹 Correct Answer: laundry
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "...which could involve going for a short walk in the local area or taking the laundry to the launderette."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: An example activity is taking the laundry to the launderette.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'launderette' or 'walk'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific chore that involves going out.

Work-Life Balance (Questions 21-27 - Sentence Completion)

📝 Question 21: People who cut down the hours they work gain most from feeling better physically and experiencing an increased sense of wellbeing.

🔹 Correct Answer: wellbeing
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1. "The main benefit most people notice once they stop working too much is an improvement in their general health and wellbeing."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The benefit is an improved sense of health and wellbeing.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'health' (already mentioned) or 'benefit'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the synonym for general health/happiness.

📝 Question 22: It is important that those who work at desks avoid injuries by checking their chair, work surface and screen are in the best position.

🔹 Correct Answer: injuries
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "...and this will help to minimise the chance of any injuries."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Proper workstation setup minimizes the chance of injuries.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'chance' or 'minimise'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the negative outcome that is avoided.

📝 Question 23: Having targets to work towards is useful but they should be realistic.

🔹 Correct Answer: realistic
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Remember though, to make these realistic, because setting an unattainable goal is the quickest way to damage your confidence."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Goals should be realistic.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'unattainable' (the opposite).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the adjective that qualifies the goals.

📝 Question 24: When there are many different tasks to do, the ability to prioritise them is vital.

🔹 Correct Answer: prioritise
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "...learning to prioritise is key."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Learning to prioritise is vital when juggling tasks.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'key' or 'juggling'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the essential skill mentioned.

📝 Question 25: People who give up all treats in their personal time may find their productivity decreases.

🔹 Correct Answer: productivity
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "...and ultimately hinder your productivity."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Giving up personal treats can hinder (decrease) productivity.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'hinder' or 'overwhelming'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the work metric that is negatively affected.

📝 Question 26: It is wise to use the full amount of holiday allowance every year.

🔹 Correct Answer: holiday
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7. "...so make sure you take your annual holiday entitlement."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: It is wise to take the annual holiday entitlement.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'entitlement' or 'annual'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the benefit being discussed.

📝 Question 27: Making time to do things with close companions, relatives or pets is a great way to relax.

🔹 Correct Answer: pets
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 8. "Family, friends and favourite pets are the ultimate life enhancers."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Close companions (friends), relatives (family), and pets are life enhancers.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'family' or 'friends' (already mentioned).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Complete the list of close companions.

SECTION 3: Henry Programme

Henry Programme (Questions 28-31 - Multiple Choice)

📝 Question 28: In the first paragraph, what does the writer say about Amsterdam?

🔹 Correct Answer: D. Its pattern of success in cutting childhood obesity is like that of Leeds.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1. "Only a few cities in the world, notably Amsterdam, have managed to cut child obesity. As in Amsterdam, the decline in Leeds is most marked among families living in the most deprived areas..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states that the decline in Leeds is like that of Amsterdam (As in Amsterdam), specifically in the most deprived areas.
⚠️ Potential Traps: B is incorrect; Amsterdam was one of only a few cities, not necessarily the first.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for explicit comparisons ("As in Amsterdam," "like that of") to define the relationship between the two cities.

📝 Question 29: How did Susan Jebb respond to the fall in childhood obesity among poorer children in Leeds?

🔹 Correct Answer: B. She said she was amazed by the figures.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "The improvement in the most deprived children in Leeds is startling,’ said Susan Jebb..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The word "startling" is a strong synonym for amazed.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a direct statement of shock/surprise.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words that convey strong emotional reaction ("startling," "amazing").

📝 Question 30: According to the writer, the NCMP data indicate that

🔹 Correct Answer: D. the youngest children show the highest levels of weight loss.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "The biggest decline in obesity in Leeds is 6.4% in the reception class, at about the age of four."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text points out that the biggest decline is in the reception class (the youngest children measured), meaning they show the highest levels of weight loss.
⚠️ Potential Traps: A, B, and C are incorrect conclusions from the data.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the comparative statistic that highlights the greatest success.

📝 Question 31: What links the 15 places listed in the third paragraph?

🔹 Correct Answer: C. Their childhood obesity levels have remained the same since 2009.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "For Leeds, the 15 closest ‘neighbours’ at the start of its study period in 2009 were [list of cities]... The obesity rates there and across the country have not shifted."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states that the obesity rates in those 15 cities (and across the country) have not shifted (remained the same) since 2009.
⚠️ Potential Traps: D is incorrect; they are comparable cities, but the lack of shift in rates is the key link.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the shared outcome that contrasts them with Leeds (which saw a drop).

Henry Programme (Questions 32-35 - Matching Statements)

📝 Question 32: The aim in Leeds was to take steps to stop weight gain among children before it became a real problem.

🔹 Correct Answer: C. Janice Burberry
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7. "We wanted to focus on prevention because it’s very, very difficult when obesity has taken hold to tackle it."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Focusing on prevention because tackling the problem after obesity has taken hold is difficult is the same as taking steps to stop weight gain... before it became a real problem.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for the statement that defines the strategy of early intervention.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the statement that defines the strategy of early intervention.

📝 Question 33: Childhood obesity levels in Leeds have fallen consistently over a period of time.

🔹 Correct Answer: A. Susan Jebb
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "Over four years, obesity has dropped from 11.5% to 10.5% and the trajectory is steadily downwards." (Jebb's team analyzed this data). Paragraph 3. "This is four years, not one rogue data point,’ she said..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Susan Jebb's team analyzed the data that showed a steadily downwards trajectory (fallen consistently over time) over four years.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for the researcher whose data analysis confirms the consistent trend.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the researcher whose data analysis confirms the consistent trend.

📝 Question 34: Something that simplifies the struggle to get children to eat well is very helpful to parents.

🔹 Correct Answer: D. Seema Kennedy
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 8. "I know how hard it can be for busy parents to make healthy choices for their families, so anything that can make it easier is a real lifeline."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Seema Kennedy states that anything that can make healthy choices easier (simplifies the struggle) is a real lifeline (very helpful).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for the statement that expresses sympathy for the parental struggle and the value of simplification.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the statement that expresses sympathy for the parental struggle and the value of simplification.

📝 Question 35: Parents in general are realistic about their potential to make changes to their children’s lifestyle.

🔹 Correct Answer: C. Janice Burberry
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7. "Parents are experts in their own lives, and they know what they can and can’t achieve."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Knowing what they can and can’t achieve means that parents are realistic about their potential to make changes.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for the researcher who discusses parents' self-awareness or realistic assessment of ability.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the researcher who discusses parents' self-awareness or realistic assessment of ability.

Henry Programme (Questions 36-40 - Summary Completion)

📝 Question 36: The programme focuses on situations such as mealtimes and bedtimes, and it encourages parents to set firm boundaries during these periods.

🔹 Correct Answer: boundaries
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "...focusing particularly on the youngest children and poorest families. ‘Henry’... supports parents in setting boundaries for their children and taking a positive stance on issues from healthy eating to bedtimes."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The program supports parents in setting boundaries.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the key concept of parental control/structure.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the key concept of parental control/structure.

📝 Question 37: According to Kim Roberts, ‘Henry’ aims to help people become more authoritative as parents.

🔹 Correct Answer: authoritative
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "The programme encourages authoritative rather than authoritarian parenting, she said."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The goal is to encourage authoritative parenting.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the adjective describing the desired parenting style.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the adjective describing the desired parenting style.

📝 Question 38: In this way, they do not instruct children to do things, nor give them total freedom of choice as in a permissive parenting style.

🔹 Correct Answer: permissive
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "Permissive parenting is asking children what they want to do."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The style that gives total freedom of choice is permissive parenting.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the style of parenting that is contrasted with 'authoritative'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the style of parenting that is contrasted with 'authoritative'.

📝 Question 39: This might be a choice of vegetable at the dinner table or a decision about where a story should be enjoyed in the evening.

🔹 Correct Answer: story
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "Instead of being told to go to bed, they are asked where they want to read their story beforehand."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The choice in the evening is where to read their story.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the specific evening activity where the child gets a choice.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific evening activity where the child gets a choice.

📝 Question 40: Which title is the most suitable for the text?

🔹 Correct Answer: A. A look at what ‘Henry’ has achieved in Leeds
📍 Location in Passage: The entire article details the drop in childhood obesity in Leeds, the analysis of the NCMP data (Paragraph 2), the link to the ‘Henry’ programme (Paragraph 4), and the results of authoritative parenting (Paragraph 5-7).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The primary focus, driven by the surprising data, is a detailed examination of the success and methods of the ‘Henry’ program in Leeds.
⚠️ Potential Traps: D is incorrect; the program is about setting boundaries, not just saying ‘no’ (it contrasts authoritative with authoritarian).
⭐ Key Learning Point: The best title reflects the main subject (Henry) and the outcome (achieved in Leeds) that makes the story newsworthy.