تحلیل ریدینگ آیلتس جنرال کمبریج 19 - تست 4: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

مقدمه: بخش ریدینگ آیلتس جنرال، توانایی شما در درک متون کاربردی و روزمره را می‌سنجد. برای موفقیت در این بخش، باید با انواع مختلف متن و سوالات آشنا باشید و بتوانید اطلاعات مورد نیاز را به سرعت پیدا کنید. در این راهنما، تحلیل تست ۴ ریدینگ جنرال از کتاب آیلتس کمبریج ۱۹ (Cambridge IELTS 19) را به صورت جامع انجام می‌دهیم. هدف ما آموزش استراتژی‌های موثر برای مدیریت زمان و پاسخ‌دهی دقیق به سوالات متنوع این بخش، از جمله سوالات مربوط به تبلیغات، اطلاعیه‌ها و متون بلندتر است. با مطالعه این تحلیل، با ساختار آزمون بیشتر آشنا شده و با اعتماد به نفس بالاتری تمرین خواهید کرد. 

پالت ناوبری سوالات (Question Navigation)

SECTION 1: Café Reviews & Frog Valley Development

Café Reviews (Questions 1-5 - Matching Features)

📝 Question 1: Cup sizes are more generous than you might expect.

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Billy Ding’s Café (C). "...We there enjoyed some delicious pancakes, which we washed down with the biggest ‘small’ coffee we’ve ever had!"
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: A "biggest ‘small’ coffee" is a clear way of saying the cup size was more generous than expected.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for words indicating unexpected size or hyperbole ("biggest 'small' coffee").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words indicating unexpected size or hyperbole ("biggest 'small' coffee").

📝 Question 2: Recent changes are likely to have a negative impact.

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: Chocolotta’s (E). "...We’ve noticed that the rolls have less filling and the coffee tastes watery. Perhaps the company is trying to cut costs, but this will only lead to customers going elsewhere."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The reduction in quality (less filling, watery coffee) is described as leading to customers going elsewhere (negative impact).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for explicit discussion of quality degradation and its predicted negative consequence.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for explicit discussion of quality degradation and its predicted negative consequence.

📝 Question 3: It needs better signage for customers.

🔹 Correct Answer: F
📍 Location in Passage: Café Soloist (F). "After a considerable search, we eventually found Café Soloist tucked away behind an organic grocery store. There was nothing outside to indicate that it was there, which would have been helpful!"
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The lack of indication outside suggests a need for better signage to help customers find it.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for comments about difficulty of location or lack of exterior information.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for comments about difficulty of location or lack of exterior information.

📝 Question 4: It has a strong local customer base.

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Billy Ding’s Café (C). "...it quickly became clear to us that this is a place that residents in the area use regularly."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: A place that residents in the area use regularly is a clear indication of a strong local customer base.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for phrases indicating frequent use by local people.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for phrases indicating frequent use by local people.

📝 Question 5: It deserves the public praise it has received.

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: Cafélingo (B). "Local media are right in saying that this café makes the best cup of coffee in town..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Stating that the local media are right in their praise confirms that the café deserves the public praise it has received.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for explicit confirmation of a positive public or media opinion.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for explicit confirmation of a positive public or media opinion.

Frog Valley Development (Questions 6-14 - True/False/Not Given)

📝 Question 6: Builders have already started work on the new primary school.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1. "The proposal to develop the part of our city known as Frog Valley has now been passed to the local council for consideration and approval. An area of land... has been allocated... which, if building does go ahead, will accommodate 300 children."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The proposal is still awaiting council approval, and the building is conditional on whether it "does go ahead," meaning builders have not already started work.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Check the status of the plan (proposal awaiting approval) against the claim of current action (builders started work).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Check the status of the plan (proposal awaiting approval) against the claim of current action (builders started work).

📝 Question 7: The new school will take in children from outside Frog Valley.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "The size and location of the school mean that admission will not be limited to families who live in the area."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "Not limited to families who live in the area" means the school will take in children from outside Frog Valley.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for phrases that confirm inclusion or lack of restriction.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for phrases that confirm inclusion or lack of restriction.

📝 Question 8: There will be an increase in the number of shops.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "Plans are to move all the existing local shops... into one shopping zone, and this will see the addition of an organic farm shop and a vegan store."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The move of existing shops, plus the "addition of an organic farm shop and a vegan store," means there will be an increase in the number of shops.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Note the compound structure: existing shops + addition of new ones = increase.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Note the compound structure: existing shops + addition of new ones = increase.

📝 Question 9: The community centre will replace an existing social club building.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "It will provide a much needed meeting place for clubs and societies that, until now, have had to meet wherever they can find a venue."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states clubs currently meet wherever they can find a venue. It does not mention that the community centre will replace an existing social club building.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The text must explicitly mention the replacement of an existing building for the statement to be true or false.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The text must explicitly mention the replacement of an existing building for the statement to be true or false.

📝 Question 10: The swimming pool will be free for residents of Frog Valley.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "...The pride of the centre will be a multi-gym with swimming pool – something younger residents have been requesting for some time..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text confirms a swimming pool will be built, but gives no information regarding entry fee or cost for residents.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. NOT GIVEN when financial details (cost, fee) are missing.
⭐ Key Learning Point: NOT GIVEN when financial details (cost, fee) are missing.

📝 Question 11: The office space will accommodate businesses of different sizes.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "Twenty thousand square metres of space will be used to house anything from small startups to large existing local businesses."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Housing anything from "small startups to large existing local businesses" means the office space will accommodate businesses of different sizes.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for opposing size descriptors ("small" and "large") to confirm a range.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for opposing size descriptors ("small" and "large") to confirm a range.

📝 Question 12: The business car parking area will be underground.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "It will be built to the south-east of the site, with dedicated car parking for office workers, either within each office area or in a single car park."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The car parking is described as being within each office area or in a single car park. The text does not mention underground parking. Following strict IELTS logic, the absence of the specific detail means the answer is NOT GIVEN.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Do not assume the parking type when only above-ground options are specified.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The parking locations mentioned do not confirm or deny if the space is underground, therefore the answer is NOT GIVEN.

📝 Question 13: The health centre will offer a wide range of new services.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "At our public consultation meeting, some residents asked if it would be possible to include services such as dentistry and various types of medical testing facilities within the health centre. This would mean adding to the existing building and there are no plans to do this at present."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: While residents requested a wide range of new services, the text states there are no plans to do this at present. Thus, it cannot be confirmed.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The request for a feature is NOT the same as the provision of the feature.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The request for a feature is NOT the same as the provision of the feature.

📝 Question 14: At present, there are too few doctors at the health centre.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "However, it will be possible to see a doctor at weekends and in the evenings, which is a welcome development."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text confirms the extension of hours. It does not mention whether there are too few doctors at present during normal hours.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The text confirms the extension of hours, but omits information on the current staffing level.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The text confirms the extension of hours, but omits information on the current staffing level.

SECTION 2: Percil Training Institute & Scholarships

Percil Training Institute (Questions 15-24 - True/False/Not Given)

📝 Question 15: All of the staff have overseas teaching experience.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "It has a highly trained and experienced teaching staff, many of whom have taught overseas."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Many of the staff have overseas experience, but "many" does not mean All.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Check quantifiers: "many" contradicts the absolute claim "All."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Check quantifiers: "many" contradicts the absolute claim "All."

📝 Question 16: All modules are of equal length.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "Percil Training Institute provides courses in ten-week modules."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Modules are ten weeks long. The question asks if all modules are of equal length. While 10 weeks is a fixed number, the text does not explicitly state that the length is the same for every single module offered, nor does it compare module lengths.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. If the text provides a common measure (10 weeks), assume it's true for the stated scope (Percil modules), but the answer key is set to NOT GIVEN.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The universal application of a stated length to all possible modules is not explicitly guaranteed, making the answer NOT GIVEN.

📝 Question 17: Students are encouraged to take holidays in the two-week breaks between modules.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "There is a break of two weeks between each module but since projects or assignments are set for completion in these periods, it is not possible to take vacations during this time."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Students have assignments and cannot take vacations, contradicting the idea that they are encouraged to take holidays.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Check the reason for the break against the implied purpose.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Check the reason for the break against the implied purpose.

📝 Question 18: Courses may have very different timetables.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Since each course has varying needs, there are not necessarily any set hours for classes across all programmes."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Having not necessarily any set hours... across all programmes means the timetables of courses may have very different hours.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for phrases indicating lack of uniformity ("not necessarily any set hours").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for phrases indicating lack of uniformity ("not necessarily any set hours").

📝 Question 19: You can still obtain an attendance certificate if you have been absent through illness.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Legitimate reasons for non-attendance (e.g. illness) will be given consideration provided that documentary evidence is provided. In this case, an achievement certificate only will be issued."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Only an achievement certificate is issued, meaning you cannot still obtain an attendance certificate.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Distinguish between the two types of certificates (attendance vs. achievement).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Distinguish between the two types of certificates (attendance vs. achievement).

📝 Question 20: Permission is required for students to bring guests into the restaurant.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "No bookings are required for any of the eating places except the restaurant for Friday and Saturday dinner."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text requires bookings for the restaurant on weekends but does not mention whether permission is required for students to bring guests into the restaurant (though guests are mentioned in the sports section).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The text is silent on the guest policy for the restaurant.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The text is silent on the guest policy for the restaurant.

📝 Question 21: The coffee lounge is closed in the evenings.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "The opening times of the snack bar, coffee lounge and restaurant are printed below your course timetable."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states the opening times are on the timetable but does not actually provide them. Therefore, we don't know if the coffee lounge is closed in the evenings.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. NOT GIVEN when information is cited but not provided.
⭐ Key Learning Point: NOT GIVEN when information is cited but not provided.

📝 Question 22: Groups of 20 or more can make reservations to dine at the restaurant on public holidays.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "...a group booking may be made for the restaurant for dinner on such days [public holidays], provided that there is a minimum of 20 people in the group."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Bookings can be made on public holidays with a minimum of 20 people, confirming the statement.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Check the condition for group size.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Check the condition for group size.

📝 Question 23: Guests may use the swimming pool.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "Guests of Percil students are welcome to use the swimming pool but not the gymnasium areas."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Guests... are welcome to use the swimming pool.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a direct factual confirmation.
⭐ Key Learning Point: This is a direct factual confirmation.

📝 Question 24: Students are unable to enter the institute after 8.30 pm.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 8. "After 8.30 pm the front doors of the Institute are locked. If you need to gain access to the Institute after this time, please contact the caretaker..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Access is possible after 8:30 pm by contacting the caretaker, meaning students are not unable to enter.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The text confirms the procedure for late entry.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The text confirms the procedure for late entry.

Percil Memorial Training Scholarships (Questions 25-27 - Short Answer)

📝 Question 25: To obtain a scholarship, what is the minimum course length?

🔹 Correct Answer: 20 weeks
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1. "...and are not offered for courses of less than 20 weeks’ duration."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The scholarship is not offered for courses of less than 20 weeks, making 20 weeks the minimum length.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the minimum duration mentioned in the exclusion criteria.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the minimum duration mentioned in the exclusion criteria.

📝 Question 26: What do scholarship winners receive towards their airfares if they live over 2,500 km from Sydney?

🔹 Correct Answer: airline vouchers
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "If the distance exceeds this amount [2,500 km], you will be provided with airline vouchers."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: They receive airline vouchers.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the alternative reward for exceeding the distance limit.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the alternative reward for exceeding the distance limit.

📝 Question 27: Who pays for dependent children to travel?

🔹 Correct Answer: The Scholarship Holder
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Travel costs or support for dependent children are at the scholarship holder’s expense."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The costs are at the scholarship holder’s expense.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the financial responsibility for dependent children's travel.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the financial responsibility for dependent children's travel.

SECTION 3: Rewilding Farmland

Knepp Castle Estate Summary (Questions 28-30 - Summary Completion)

📝 Question 28: Now the maize that used to be grown there has disappeared and the countryside is more like parts of...

🔹 Correct Answer: maize
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1. "Neat fields of maize have been replaced with a landscape that resembles the typical grasslands of Africa."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The crop that was replaced was maize.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the crop that disappeared.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the crop that disappeared.

📝 Question 29: ...and the countryside is more like parts of Africa.

🔹 Correct Answer: Africa
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1. "...a landscape that resembles the typical grasslands of Africa."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The landscape now resembles the grasslands of Africa.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the geographical area used for comparison.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the geographical area used for comparison.

📝 Question 30: The estate hosts the largest number of butterflies of a particular species in the whole country and bird numbers are increasing. All these changes have happened remarkably quickly.

🔹 Correct Answer: butterflies
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1. "The estate boasts more of the unusual purple emperor butterflies than anywhere else in Britain."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The estate hosts the largest number of butterflies (purple emperor) of a particular species.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the specific insect whose population has increased.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific insect whose population has increased.

Rewilding Farmland (Questions 31-36 - Matching Statements)

📝 Question 31: Some people are against rewilding as it reduces the amount of crops that could provide much needed nourishment.

🔹 Correct Answer: A. Charlie Burrell
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "Many criticise rewilding for abandoning productive farmland when the world’s population is growing." (This is a criticism Burrell faces/mentions).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The criticism that Burrell faces (abandoning productive farmland) is based on the fear that it reduces the amount of crops/nourishment.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the criticism listed in the text, and attribute it to the person whose experience covers it.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the criticism listed in the text, and attribute it to the person whose experience covers it.

📝 Question 32: It may not be easy to get city residents to take part in rewilding.

🔹 Correct Answer: G. Elaine Gilligan
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7. "The challenge is how to make rewilding an issue that people in their ordinary lives can take action on,’ says Elaine Gilligan... but doubts whether it is seen as important in large urban areas like Birmingham."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Gilligan's concern about whether rewilding is seen as important in large urban areas is equivalent to doubting whether it is easy to get city residents to take part.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the concern related to urban engagement.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the concern related to urban engagement.

📝 Question 33: Rewilding does not necessarily lead to a landscape thickly covered in trees.

🔹 Correct Answer: D. Frans Vera
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "For decades, ecologists believed the end result... would be dense forest... But this belief has been demolished by Dutch ecologist Frans Vera... and proved that ‘natural’ grazing creates a more dynamic landscape, a constantly changing pattern of open glades and wooded groves."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Vera demolished the belief that rewilding results in dense forest and proved it creates open glades, meaning it does not necessarily lead to a landscape thickly covered in trees.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for the researcher who demolished the "climax forest" theory.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the researcher who demolished the "climax forest" theory.

📝 Question 34: It is acceptable to turn fields which do not yield many crops into natural spaces for people to enjoy.

🔹 Correct Answer: F. Wouter Helmer
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "...releasing less productive land for rewilding, he says. ‘They leave the less profitable lands to become adventure land for an increasingly urban population."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Helmer discusses releasing less productive/profitable land to become "adventure land" (natural spaces for people to enjoy).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the researcher who links low productivity with leisure use.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the researcher who links low productivity with leisure use.

📝 Question 35: The support of people living in the area is needed to make the authorities take rewilding seriously.

🔹 Correct Answer: E. David Balharry
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "...David Balharry... cautions that rewilding in Scotland will only be championed by policymakers and politicians when it is led by local communities."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Balharry states that political support (authorities taking it seriously) will only happen when it is led by local communities (support of people living in the area).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for the researcher who discusses the condition for gaining political support.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the researcher who discusses the condition for gaining political support.

📝 Question 36: There is evidence that people get used to the idea of rewilding with time.

🔹 Correct Answer: B. Leo Linnartz
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "Linnartz says that many Dutch objected to ‘nature development’ 30 years ago but rewilding principles are now mainstream."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The shift from Dutch objection 30 years ago to rewilding principles being mainstream now is evidence that people get used to the idea of rewilding with time.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for the researcher who provides a long-term perspective on public opinion change.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the researcher who provides a long-term perspective on public opinion change.

📝 Question 37: In the fifth paragraph, the writer points out that Burrell

🔹 Correct Answer: A. had clear financial reasons for rewilding his farm.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "For Burrell, rewilding has been a pragmatic way to revive the struggling family farm. Ecotourism there makes as much profit as his conventional farm did."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Rewilding was a pragmatic way to revive the struggling family farm and now makes the same profit (or more), meaning he had clear financial reasons.
⚠️ Potential Traps: C is incorrect; it makes as much profit as the conventional farm, not considerably more.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the practical and financial motives for the change.

📝 Question 38: What does Helmer say about young people and the land?

🔹 Correct Answer: C. They have developed new ways of interacting with it.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "They have a completely different relationship to nature to their parents or grandparents... they are becoming more relaxed with nature – it’s hunting and gathering but hunting with a camera and gathering experiences."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Using a camera for hunting and gathering experiences is the new way of interacting with the land.
⚠️ Potential Traps: A is incorrect; the text says none raise their hands to farm when asked, but that is not the only interaction.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific examples of the new relationship (camera, gathering experiences).

📝 Question 39: Ted Green is particularly concerned that

🔹 Correct Answer: C. modern agricultural methods mean rain washes away productive soil.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 8. "Ted Green... believes that intensive farming can worsen flash flooding, and cause fertile earth to be swept downriver and out to sea."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Green is concerned that intensive farming causes fertile earth (productive soil) to be swept away.
⚠️ Potential Traps: A is incorrect; his concern is about soil loss/flooding, not water pollution.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the specific negative consequence of intensive farming (fertile earth swept away).

📝 Question 40: In the final paragraph, what point is made about rewilding?

🔹 Correct Answer: B. It may attract so much public interest that smaller projects get forgotten.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 9. "If rewilding really takes off, there’s a risk people will say, “Oh we don’t have to do any of that old stuff [traditional protection of rare species on small nature reserves]”..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The fear is that the focus on rewilding will make people forget the "old stuff" (small nature reserves/rare species protection).
⚠️ Potential Traps: D is incorrect; the text is optimistic about the future of rewilding.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the risk of distraction or displacement of existing conservation efforts.