تحلیل لیسنینگ آیلتس آکادمیک و جنرال کمبریج 10 - تست 4: آنالیز سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ دهی

Welcome to Manham Port, where a thousand years of history are brought to life. All the family can enjoy a day out at Manham: visit our copper mine, see models of the machinery it used, have your photo taken in nineteenth-century costume, experience at first hand how people lived at different stages throughout history, and especially how children studied, worked and played.

The port of Manham is located in beautiful and peaceful countryside, on a bend in the great River Avon, and developed here because it’s the highest navigable point of the Avon – boats can go no higher up this river – and proved a handy place to load and unload cargo to and from the sea (📍Q11), which is over 23 miles away. A small port was already established here when, about 900 years ago, tin was discovered nearby, though it wasn’t until the Industrial Revolution, when a 📍Q12 tremendous need for metals of all kinds developed, that Manham expanded to become one of the busiest ports in the country. And because it was already so busy, prospectors began to look for other minerals, and by the end of the nineteenth century, lead, copper, manganese and arsenic were added to the cargos leaving Manham.

In the early days, the ores had been smelted – or processed – in the same area they were mined. But, as demand grew, the smelting process required huge factory furnaces or fires to melt the metal from the rock and there was 📍Q13 not enough coal in the local area, so the rocks containing minerals had to be shipped long distances. Sadly, in the twentieth century, the great port of Manham declined, and thousands of 📍Q14 workers were forced to emigrate out of the area. The building at the port fell into disrepair, and the place became almost forgotten. But then, the Manham Trust was formed to conserve the historical resources of the area. It organised scores of local volunteers to remove undergrowth to find the original outlines of the installations. It then brought in paid professionals to match installations with maps of the original port complex and to set about 📍Q15 reconstructing it. Today you can see the results of this ambitious programme of restoration. The intention, and we believe this will be realised before the end of the year, is to return Manham Port to the condition it reached at its peak as ‘the greatest copper port in the country’.

But what can you do and see on your visit today? Here are just a few highlights. We suggest you start with the visit to the copper mine. Travel on converted mining 📍Q16 trains and journey into the depths of the mountain along seams once worked by hundreds of miners. Watch out especially for the great pumping machines which rid the mine of water. But please be warned that, like all mines, ours is very 📍Q17 dark and closed in and we do say that children under five and also dogs should NOT be taken into the mine.

The next recommended visit is to the village school. While looking round the classrooms, take a special look at our display of 📍Q18 games, which is one of the largest in the world. And it’s recommended that you time your visit to coincide with a 📍Q19 guided tour. This will give you the opportunity to ask lots of questions. Near the school is the beautiful old sailing ketch called ‘The George’. You are welcome to board the boat and look round the cabins. Look out for the shop’s wheel which was missing until only five years ago when it was dredged out of the silt by a local fisherman. We have no idea how it got there but it’s been polished and proudly restored to its original place on the boat. Please take care going down the 📍Q20 ladders if you wish to visit the lower deck – we don’t recommend you allow young children to use them.

So we hope you have a memorable visit to Manham Port and will tell your friends all about us.

📝 Question 21 & 22: Which TWO skills did Laura improve as a result of her work placement?

🔹 Correct Answers: A communication, E organisation

📍 Location in Audio Script: "LAURA: Oh, definitely. There was so much pressure to meet the project deadline. And I also got better at explaining things and asserting my opinions (Q21&Q22)..."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: **Laura** improved at "**explaining things and asserting my opinions**" (**communication**) and at **managing time/prioritizing** due to the deadline (**organisation**).

⚠️ Potential Traps: IT skills were used, but **Laura** states she didn't **improve** on those. Design and marketing were parts of the project, but the skills were not improved.

⭐ Key Learning Point: The question is about **improvements** in skills, not skills that were simply used. Listen for the full context of the improvement.

📝 Question 23 & 24: Which TWO immediate benefits did the company get from Laura’s work placement?

🔹 Correct Answers: B cost savings, C an improved image

📍 Location in Audio Script: "LAURA: Oh, yes. I worked it out – it would have been 250 per cent more (Q23&Q24). ... The new brochure looks really professional; it enhances the image of the company straight away (Q23&Q24)."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: **Laura** states that the work saved the company money (250% **cost savings**) and the result improved the company's **image** "**straight away**" (**immediate benefits**).

⚠️ Potential Traps: New clients and sales growth are mentioned as **long-run** ideas, not immediate benefits.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on the **immediate benefits** that happened at the time of the work placement.

📝 Question 25: obtaining booklet

🔹 Correct Answer: D psychology department

📍 Location in Audio Script: "TIM: Actually, they’ve got copies in the psychology department – I’ve seen them there. I’ll just go to the office and pick one up. (Q25)"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: **Tim** says that the booklet can be found at the **psychology department**.

⚠️ Potential Traps: While the booklet can be downloaded from the website, **Tim** explicitly mentions picking up a copy from the **psychology department**.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on the **direct and specific source** mentioned in the dialogue for the action.

📝 Question 26: discussing options

🔹 Correct Answer: F university careers officer

📍 Location in Audio Script: "LAURA: One of the career officers would be better (Q26), they’ve got more knowledge about the jobs market than your personal tutor would have."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: **Laura** suggests a **career officer** is better equipped to discuss the options than a personal tutor.

⚠️ Potential Traps: A personal tutor is mentioned but **Laura** says they are **not the best resource**.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Understand that the speaker is making a **recommendation** for a specific, preferred person.

📝 Question 27: getting updates

🔹 Correct Answer: G internet

📍 Location in Audio Script: "LAURA: it’s best to be proactive, and get updates yourself by checking the website for new placement alerts (Q27)."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The audio recommends checking the **website** (**internet**) for updates.

⚠️ Potential Traps: A mentor is mentioned as someone who should inform the student, but the proactive step is checking the **website**.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay attention to the most **proactive and reliable method** suggested.

📝 Question 28: responding to invitation for interview

🔹 Correct Answer: B company’s personnel department

📍 Location in Audio Script: "LAURA: You get a letter of invitation or an email from personnel departments. (Q28)"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The invitation comes from the **company’s personnel department** (via letter or email).

⚠️ Potential Traps: STEP is mentioned as the organising body, but they don't send the letter of invitation.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on the correct **department** or **person** that sends the letter/email.

📝 Question 29: informing about outcome of interview

🔹 Correct Answer: E mentor

📍 Location in Audio Script: "TIM: So, once you’ve had an interview you should let your mentor know what the outcome is? (Q29) LAURA: That’s right."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The audio indicates that the **mentor** should be informed about the outcome of the interview, confirmed by **Laura**.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The careers office is informed after a job offer is accepted, but the **mentor** should be notified about the **outcome of the interview**.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Be aware that different people may be informed at different times and that the **order** is important.

📝 Question 30: requesting a reference

🔹 Correct Answer: C personal tutor

📍 Location in Audio Script: "LAURA: And that’s something you should ask your own tutor to provide (Q30)."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: **Laura** suggests asking a **personal tutor** to provide a reference.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The university careers officer is mentioned earlier for advice, but the **personal tutor** is specifically recommended for the **reference**.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Note who provides the **reference** and not just who can give general help.

TIM: Hi, Laura – could you spare a few minutes to talk about the work placement you did last summer? I’m thinking of doing one myself …

LAURA: Hi, Tim. Sure.

TIM: Didn’t you do yours at an environmental services company?

LAURA: That’s right … It’s only a very small company and they needed someone to produce a company brochure, and I wanted to get some business experience because I’m interested in a career in occupational psychology in a business environment. It was good because I had overall responsibility for the project.

TIM: What kind of skills do you think you developed on the placement? I mean, apart from the ones you already had … Did you have to do all the artwork for the brochure, the layout and everything?

LAURA: We hired the services of a professional photographer for that. I did have to use my IT skills to a certain extent because I cut and pasted text from marketing leaflets, but that didn’t involve anything I hadn’t done before.

TIM: Do you think you got any better at managing your time and prioritizing things? You always used to say you had trouble with that …

LAURA: Oh, definitely. There was so much pressure to meet the project deadline. And I also got better at 📍Q21&Q22 explaining things and asserting my opinions, because I had to have weekly consultations with the marketing manager and give him a progress report.

TIM: It sounds as if you got a lot out of it then.

LAURA: Absolutely. It was really worthwhile … But you know, the company benefited too …

TIM: Yes, they must have done. After all, if they’d used a professional advertising agency to produce their brochure instead of doing it in-house, presumably they’d have paid a lot more?

LAURA: Oh, yes. I worked it out – it would have been 📍Q23&Q24 250 per cent more. And I thought the end result was good, even though we did everything on site. The company has quite a powerful computer and I managed to borrow some scanning software from the university. The new brochure looks really professional; it 📍Q23&Q24 enhances the image of the company straight away.

TIM: So in the long run it should help them to attract clients, and improve their sales figures?

LAURA: That’s the idea. Yeah.

TIM: Well, all in all it sounds very positive – I think I will go ahead and apply for a placement myself. How do I go about it?

LAURA: It’s easy enough to do, because there’s a government agency called STEP – S-T-E-P – that organises placements for students. You should start by getting their booklet with all the details – I expect you can download one from their website.

TIM: Actually, they’ve got copies in the 📍Q25 psychology department – I’ve seen them there. I’ll just go to the office and pick one up.

LAURA: Right. And then if I were you, after I’d looked at it I’d go over all the options with someone …

TIM: I suppose I should ask my tutor’s advice. He knows more about me than anyone.

LAURA: One of the 📍Q26 career officers would be better, they’ve got more knowledge about the jobs market than your personal tutor would have.

TIM: OK …

LAURA: And then when you know what you want you can register with STEP – you’ll find their address in the booklet. And once you’ve registered they assign you to a mentor who looks after your application.

TIM: And then I suppose you just sit back and wait till you hear something?

LAURA: They told me at the careers office that it’s best to be proactive, and get updates yourself by 📍Q27 checking the website for new placement alerts. Your mentor is supposed to keep you informed, but you can’t rely on that.

TIM: I don’t suppose it’s a good idea to get in touch with companies directly, is it?

LAURA: Not really … But it is the company who notifies you if they want you to go for an interview. You get a letter of invitation or an email from 📍Q28 personnel departments.

TIM: And do I reply directly to them?

LAURA: Yes, you do. STEP only gets involved again once you’ve been made a job offer.

TIM: Right … So, once you’ve had an interview you should let your 📍Q29 mentor know what the outcome is? I mean whether you’re offered a job, and whether you’ve decided to accept it?

LAURA: That’s right. They’ll inform the careers office once a placement has been agreed, so you don’t have to do that.

TIM: Is that all then?

LAURA: More or less. Only once you’ve accepted an offer you’ll probably have to supply a reference, because the placement will be conditional on that. And that’s something you should ask your 📍Q30 own tutor to provide.

TIM: Well, thanks very much for the information – I’m starting to look forward …

📝 Question 31: The speaker says that one problem with nanotechnology is that

🔹 Correct Answer: C it is misunderstood by the public.

📍 Location in Audio Script: "And with nanotechnology, society often gets the wrong idea about its capabilities (Q31)."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The speaker states that society often gets the "**wrong idea about its capabilities**," indicating that it is **misunderstood by the public**.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The scenarios that cause fear (spying nano-robots) are presented as **misunderstandings**, not actual problems with the technology itself.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Distinguish between the **actual problem** with the technology's reception and the **misinformation** itself.

📝 Question 32: According to the speaker, some scientists believe that nano-particles

🔹 Correct Answer: B should be used with more caution.

📍 Location in Audio Script: "Some scientists recommend that nano-particles be treated as new chemicals with separate safety tests and clear labelling (Q32). They believe that greater care should also be taken with nano-particles..."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The speaker says that some scientists suggest "**greater care**" and separate safety tests, indicating that they want **more caution**.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The call for a complete withdrawal is an extreme view mentioned, but the broader sentiment is for **more caution** and regulation.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay close attention to phrases like "**greater care**" or "**separate safety tests**" which clearly suggest increased caution.

📝 Question 33: In the speaker’s opinion, research into nanotechnology

🔹 Correct Answer: C ought to be continued.

📍 Location in Audio Script: "But as far as I’m concerned there’s a need to plough ahead with the discoveries and applications of nanotechnology (Q33)."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The speaker believes it is necessary to "**plough ahead**" (**continue**) with nanotechnology research.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The speaker acknowledges the need to guard against unethical uses but does not let that stop the research.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify and focus on the speaker's **opinion** about the progression of the research.

📝 Question 34: Transport Nanotechnology could allow the development of stronger ______

🔹 Correct Answer: metal/metals

📍 Location in Audio Script: "Thanks to nanotechnology, there could be a major breakthrough in the field of transportation with the production of more durable metals (Q34)."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The audio says nanotechnology could result in "more durable **metals**" for transportation.

⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the answer is explicitly stated.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on the **material** mentioned as being more durable.

📝 Question 35: ______ travel will be made available to the masses.

🔹 Correct Answer: space

📍 Location in Audio Script: "Those same improved capabilities will dramatically reduce the cost of travelling into space making it more accessible to ordinary people (Q35)"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The speaker states that "travelling into **space**" will be made more accessible.

⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the answer is explicitly stated.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Be mindful of key words that indicate a **location or type of transport**.

📝 Question 36: Technology - Computers will be even smaller, faster, and will have a greater ______

🔹 Correct Answer: memory

📍 Location in Audio Script: "We need nanotechnology in order to create a new generation of computers that will work even faster and will have a million times more memory (Q36)"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The audio states that new computers will have a million times more **memory**.

⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the answer is stated clearly.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the key characteristic of the new computers in terms of storage or capacity.

📝 Question 37: ______ energy will become more affordable.

🔹 Correct Answer: solar

📍 Location in Audio Script: "The cost of solar cells will be drastically reduced so harnessing this energy will be far more economical than at present. (Q37)"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The audio notes that the cost of **solar** cells will be reduced, making **solar** energy more affordable.

⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the answer is directly stated.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Listen carefully for specific sources of energy.

📝 Question 38: Pollutants such as ______ could be removed from water

🔹 Correct Answer: oil

📍 Location in Audio Script: "this new technology could help with the clean-up of environmental disasters as nanotechnology will allow us to remove oil and other contaminants from the water (Q38)"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The speaker mentions nanotechnology removing "**oil** and other contaminants from the water."

⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the answer is clearly stated.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify specific **pollutants** that nanotechnology can remove.

📝 Question 39: There will be no ______ from manufacturing.

🔹 Correct Answer: waste

📍 Location in Audio Script: "In terms of production, this means that you only use what you need and so there wouldn’t be any waste. (Q39)"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The speaker indicates that there would be no **waste** in production.

⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the answer is directly stated.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Listen for specific information about what will be reduced or eliminated in production.

📝 Question 40: Analysis of medical ______ will be speeded up.

🔹 Correct Answer: tests

📍 Location in Audio Script: "How we detect disease will change as tiny biosensors are developed to analyse tests in minutes rather than days (Q40)."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Tiny biosensors will speed up the analysis of medical **tests**.

⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the answer is directly stated.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on the type of medical procedure that will be speeded up.

Today we’re going to look at an important area of science, namely nanotechnology. So what is it? Nano means tiny, so it’s science and engineering on the scale of atoms and molecules. The idea is that by controlling and rearranging atoms, you can literally create anything. However, as we’ll see, the science of the small has some big implications affecting us in many ways.

There’s no doubt that nanotechnology promises so much for civilisation. However, all new technologies have their teething problems. And with nanotechnology, society often gets the 📍Q31 wrong idea about its capabilities. Numerous science-fiction books and movies have raised people’s fears about nanotechnology – with scenarios such as inserting little nano-robots into your body that monitor everything you do without you realising it, or self-replicating nano-robots that eventually take over the world.

So how do we safeguard such a potentially powerful technology? Some scientists recommend that nano-particles be treated as new chemicals with separate safety tests and clear labelling (📍Q32). They believe that greater care should also be taken with nano-particles in laboratories and factories. Others have called for a withdrawal of new nano products such as cosmetics and a temporary halt to many kinds of nanotech research.

But as far as I’m concerned there’s a need to 📍Q33 plough ahead with the discoveries and applications of nanotechnology. I really believe that most scientists would welcome a way to guard against unethical uses of such technology. We can’t go around thinking that all innovation is bad, all advancement is bad. As with the debate about any new technology, it is how you use it that’s important. So let’s look at some of its possible uses.

Thanks to nanotechnology, there could be a major breakthrough in the field of transportation with the production of more durable 📍Q34 metals. These could be virtually unbreakable, lighter and much more pliable leading to planes that are 50 times lighter than at present. Those same improved capabilities will dramatically reduce the cost of travelling into 📍Q35 space making it more accessible to ordinary people and opening up to totally new holiday destination.

In terms of technology, the computer industry will be able to shrink computer parts down to minute sizes. We need nanotechnology in order to create a new generation of computers that will work even faster and will have a million times more 📍Q36 memory but will be about the size of a sugar cube. Nanotechnology could also revolutionise the way that we generate power. The cost of 📍Q37 solar cells will be drastically reduced so harnessing this energy will be far more economical than at present.

But nanotechnology has much wider applications than this and could have an enormous impact on our environment. For instance, tiny airborne nano-robots could be programmed to actually rebuild the ozone layer, which could lessen the impact of global warming on our planet. That’s a pretty amazing thought, isn’t it? On a more local scale, this new technology could help with the clean-up of environmental disasters as nanotechnology will allow us to remove 📍Q38 oil and other contaminants from the water far more effectively. And, if nanotechnology progresses as expected – as a sort of building block set of about 90 atoms – then you could build anything you wanted from the bottom up. In terms of production, this means that you only use what you need and so there wouldn’t be any 📍Q39 waste.

The notion that you could create anything at all has major implications for our health. It means that we’ll eventually be able to replicate anything. This would have a phenomenal effect on our society. In time it could even lead to the eradication of famine through the introduction of machines that produce food to feed the hungry.

But it’s in the area of medicine that nanotechnology may have its biggest impact. How we detect disease will change as tiny biosensors are developed to analyse 📍Q40 tests in minutes rather than days. There’s even speculation nano-robots could be used to slow the ageing process, lengthening life expectancy.

As you can see, I’m very excited by the implications that could be available to us in the next few decades. Just how long it’ll take, I honestly don’t know.