تحلیل لیسنینگ آیلتس آکادمیک و جنرال کمبریج 10 - تست 4: آنالیز سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ دهی

📝 **Question 1:** Name: **Edith** ______
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **Pargetter**
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**It’s Edith Pargetter.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The speaker clearly states her full name. The question directly requires the **surname**.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** None, the answer is stated very **directly**.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Be attentive to **names** and how they are **spelled out**, especially when they are less common.

📝 **Question 2:** Address: Flat 4, ______ **Park Flats**
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **East**
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**No, actually it’s East Park, Flat 4.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The answer is given directly. The speaker **clarifies** that she does not live in West Park Flats, but instead, in **East Park Flats**.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** The previous discussion about West Park Flats may confuse test takers into thinking that is the answer.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Pay close attention to words that indicate a **change** or **correction** in the information, like "**actually**."

📝 **Question 3:** ( Behind the ______ )
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **library**
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**Yes, it’s at the back of the library.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The speaker provides the **location** of her flat as being "at the back of the **library**".
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** None, the answer is stated directly.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Listen carefully for **prepositions** (like "**at the back of**"), which describe a location of something.

📝 **Question 4:** Best time to contact customer: during the ______
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **morning/mornings**
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**So would the best time to ring you be in the morning? EDITH: Yes.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The question is directly answered by the dialog, with **Mr. Thorndyke** asking a question and **Edith** **confirming** the answer.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** The speaker mentions being "**out a great deal in the afternoons and evenings**," which may be distracting but the **explicit answer is mornings**.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Be aware that the answers can be given in the form of a **question**, where the follow-up **confirms** the answer.

📝 **Question 5:** Where to park: opposite entrance next to the ______
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **postbox**
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**Well, I always tell people in larger vehicles to park by the postbox on the other side of the road from the entrance.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The answer is stated directly, indicating the specific parking location near the **postbox**.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** None, the answer is given directly.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Pay attention to **precise location descriptions** using words like 'by' or 'opposite'.

📝 **Question 6:** Needs full quote showing all the jobs and the ______
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **prices**
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**Oh, yes, I’ll list all the jobs separately with individual prices.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The answer is given directly; the full quote will list jobs separately with individual **prices**.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** None, the answer is stated clearly.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Focus on the **details** that explain what the **quote will include**.

📝 **Question 7:** Kitchen Replace the ______ in the door
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **glass**
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**With all the weather damage, the glass in the door has cracked and I’d need that fixing… MR THORNDYKE: I presume you mean replacing? EDITH: Oh, yes.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The dialog clearly states that the **glass** in the door needs replacing.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** The word "**fixing**" may cause some confusion, but the **confirmation** "**replacing**" is key.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Listen carefully when people **clarify** a statement or **correct themselves**.

📝 **Question 8:** Paint wall above the ______
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **cooker**
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**Just the area over the cooker. It’s very greasy…**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The answer is clearly stated, specifying the area to be painted is above the **cooker**.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** The mention of "**greasy**" is a descriptive detail and not the answer.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Listen for **specific details** to identify locations in a house.

📝 **Question 9:** Strip paint and plaster approximately one ______ in advance
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **week**
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**Well, if you want a proper job done what I’d need to do is strip the old paint and plaster it about a week before I paint it.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The speaker indicates the work needs to be done about a **week** in advance.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** None, the answer is directly stated.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Pay attention to **time frames** and how they are expressed.

📝 **Question 10:** Garden One ______ needs replacing (**end of garden**)
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **fence**
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**Well, I’d like you to replace a fence. MR THORNDYKE: Just one? EDITH: Yes, at the far end.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The conversation confirms that the item to be replaced is a **fence**.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** None, the answer is stated directly.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Be careful to listen for the **specific item** that needs to be replaced.

**MR THORNDYKE:** Thorndyke’s **EDITH:** Good morning. Is that **Mr Thorndyke**? **MR THORNDYKE:** Speaking. How can I help? **EDITH:** I’ve got quite a few things which need painting and fixing in the flat and I wonder whether you’d be able to do the work. **MR THORNDYKE:** I’m sure I’d be able to help but let me take down a few details. **EDITH:** Yes, of course. **MR THORNDYKE:** Well, firstly, how did you hear about us? **EDITH:** It was my friend **May Hampton** (Example) … you did some excellent work for her a couple of years ago. Do you remember? **MR THORNDYKE:** Oh, yes, that was in West Park Flats, lovely lady. **EDITH:** Yes, she is. **MR THORNDYKE:** And what’s your name, please? **EDITH:** It’s **Edith Pargetter** (**📍Q1**). **MR THORNDYKE:** Edith … can you spell your surname, please? **EDITH:** It’s P-A-R-G-E-double T-E-R. **MR THORNDYKE:** Double T, right. And do you live in West Park Flats as well? **EDITH:** No, actually it’s **East** (**📍Q2**) Park, Flat 4. **MR THORNDYKE:** Oh, right, that’s over the road, I seem to remember – quite difficult to get to. **EDITH:** Yes, it’s at the back of the **library** (**📍Q3**). **MR THORNDYKE:** Right, I know. And what’s your phone number? **EDITH:** 875934 but I’m out a great deal in the afternoons and evenings. **MR THORNDYKE:** So would the best time to ring you be in the **morning** (**📍Q4**)? **EDITH:** Yes. **MR THORNDYKE:** Fine. I’ve made a note of that. Can I just ask, I’ll be in a van and I know parking’s rather difficult round your flats. Where would you recommend? **EDITH:** Well, I always tell people in larger vehicles to park by the **postbox** (**📍Q5**) on the other side of the road from the entrance. **MR THORNDYKE:** Good, thanks. **EDITH:** And will you be able to give me a full itemised quote? **MR THORNDYKE:** Oh, yes, I’ll list all the jobs separately with individual **prices** (**📍Q6**). **EDITH:** That’d be a great help. **MR THORNDYKE:** No problem.
***
**MR THORNDYKE:** Now, what would you like me to do? **EDITH:** Firstly and most urgently is in the kitchen. With all the weather damage, the **glass** in the door has cracked and I’d need that fixing … **MR THORNDYKE:** I presume you mean replacing? (**📍Q7**) **EDITH:** Oh, yes. And as soon as possible … **MR THORNDYKE:** What I’ll do is come round tomorrow morning and do that immediately. **EDITH:** Thank you so much. The other things aren’t so urgent but … **MR THORNDYKE:** Now, I’ll make a note of everything you want doing. **EDITH:** Well, in the kitchen I’d like some painting doing. **MR THORNDYKE:** All the kitchen walls? **EDITH:** Just the area over the **cooker** (**📍Q8**). It’s very greasy … **MR THORNDYKE:** Right … it does tend to get that way! **EDITH:** Yes! **MR THORNDYKE:** Well, if you want a proper job done what I’d need to do is strip the old paint and plaster it about a **week** (**📍Q9**) before I paint it. **EDITH:** Of course. Now, **May** tells me you also do work in the garden. **MR THORNDYKE:** That’s right. **EDITH:** Well, I’d like you to replace a **fence** (**📍Q10**). **MR THORNDYKE:** Just one? **EDITH:** Yes, at the far end. **MR THORNDYKE:** Fine. Shouldn’t be a problem. **EDITH:** And that’s the lot. **MR THORNDYKE:** Fine. Yeah, as I say I can come round tomorrow morning to look over things with you. **EDITH:** That’s great, thank you. **MR THORNDYKE:** So, I’ll look forward to seeing you tomorrow at …

📝 **Question 11:** Why did a port originally develop at **Manham**?
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **B** (It was convenient for river transport.)
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**The port of Manham...developed here because it’s the highest navigable point of the Avon – boats can go no higher up this river – and proved a handy place to load and unload cargo to and from the sea**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The speaker says the port developed because it was the **highest navigable point** on the river, making it **convenient for river transport**.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** While it's on a river near the sea, it's the **river transport** that made it convenient.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Look for the **main reason** why something developed and do not be confused by related details.

📝 **Question 12:** What caused **Manham’s** sudden expansion during the **Industrial Revolution**?
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **B** (the increase in demand for metals)
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**it wasn’t until the Industrial Revolution, when a tremendous need for metals of all kinds developed, that Manham expanded to become one of the busiest ports in the country**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The audio directly links the **expansion** of **Manham** to the increased **need for metals** during the Industrial Revolution.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** The discovery of tin is mentioned, but it occurred **earlier**.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Pay attention to the **timing**; the **Industrial Revolution** caused expansion due to **demand for metals**.

📝 **Question 13:** Why did rocks have to be sent away from **Manham** to be processed?
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **A** (shortage of fuel)
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**the smelting process required huge factory furnaces or fires...and there was not enough coal in the local area, so the rocks containing minerals had to be shipped long distances.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The audio explains that the lack of **coal** (a **fuel**) in the area caused rocks to be sent elsewhere to be processed.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** The other options - poor transport systems, lack of skills - are **not mentioned**.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Understand that a **lack of resources** is a different reason than transportation issues or the level of skill in the area.

📝 **Question 14:** What happened when the port declined in the **twentieth century**?
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **A** (The workers went away.)
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**Sadly, in the twentieth century, the great port of Manham declined, and thousands of workers were forced to emigrate out of the area.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The audio states that when the port declined, **workers were forced to leave** (**emigrate out of the area**).
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** Traditional skills and new purposes for the buildings are mentioned, but those did not happen **when the port declined**.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** The focus is on what occurred **directly** when the port declined.

📝 **Question 15:** What did the **Manham Trust** hope to do?
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **C** (rebuild the port complex)
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**But then, the Manham Trust was formed...to set about reconstructing it. Today you can see the results of this ambitious programme of restoration.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The **Trust** was formed to **reconstruct** and restore the original port complex.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** While they "**conserved the historical resources**," the main intention was to **rebuild/reconstruct**.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Pay attention to the **primary purpose** of the **Manham Trust**, which was to rebuild.

📝 **Question 16:** **copper mine** - specially adapted miners’ ______ take visitors into the mountain
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **trains**
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**Travel on converted mining trains and journey into the depths of the mountain**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The audio indicates visitors travel into the mine on "converted mining **trains**."
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** None, the answer is clearly stated.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Focus on the **method of transportation** in the context of the mine.

📝 **Question 17:** the mine is ______ and enclosed – unsuitable for children and animals
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **dark**
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**But please be warned that, like all mines, ours is very dark and closed in**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The audio describes the mine as being "**very dark and closed in**."
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** "**Closed in**" is a descriptor, but "**dark**" is the key characteristic mentioned that makes it unsuitable for children.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Understand that more than one word might describe the location but focus on what the description in the question indicates it should be.

📝 **Question 18:** **village school** - classrooms and a special exhibition of ______
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **games**
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**While looking round the classrooms, take a special look at our display of games, which is one of the largest in the world.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The audio mentions "a display of **games**" in the classrooms.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** None, the answer is clearly stated.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Look for the word that explains what is on **exhibit**.

📝 **Question 19:** a ______ is recommended
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **guided tour**
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**And it’s recommended that you time your visit to coincide with a guided tour.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** It is **recommended** to take a **guided tour**.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** None, the answer is directly stated.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Listen for **recommendations** that are made.

📝 **Question 20:** ‘The George’ (old sailing ship) - children shouldn’t use the ______
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **ladder/ladders**
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**Please take care going down the ladders if you wish to visit the lower deck – we don’t recommend you allow young children to use them.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The audio advises caution when using the **ladders**, particularly for young children.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** None, the answer is directly stated.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Focus on specific parts of the ship that may have a **safety concern**.

Welcome to **Manham Port**, where a thousand years of history are brought to life. All the family can enjoy a day out at **Manham**: visit our copper mine, see models of the machinery it used, have your photo taken in nineteenth-century costume, experience at first hand how people lived at different stages throughout history, and especially how children studied, worked and played. The port of **Manham** is located in beautiful and peaceful countryside, on a bend in the great River Avon, and developed here because it’s the **highest navigable point of the Avon** – boats can go no higher up this river – and proved a **handy place to load and unload cargo to and from the sea** (**📍Q11**), which is over 23 miles away. A small port was already established here when, about 900 years ago, tin was discovered nearby, though it wasn’t until the **Industrial Revolution**, when a **tremendous need for metals of all kinds developed**, that **Manham** expanded to become one of the busiest ports in the country (**📍Q12**). And because it was already so busy, prospectors began to look for other minerals, and by the end of the nineteenth century, lead, copper, manganese and arsenic were added to the cargos leaving **Manham**. In the early days, the ores had been smelted – or processed – in the same area they were mined. But, as demand grew, the smelting process required huge factory furnaces or fires to melt the metal from the rock and there was **not enough coal in the local area**, so the rocks containing minerals had to be **shipped long distances** (**📍Q13**). Sadly, in the twentieth century, the great port of **Manham** declined, and thousands of **workers were forced to emigrate out of the area** (**📍Q14**). The building at the port fell into disrepair, and the place became almost forgotten. But then, the **Manham Trust** was formed to conserve the historical resources of the area. It organised scores of local volunteers to remove undergrowth to find the original outlines of the installations. It then brought in paid professionals to match installations with maps of the original port complex and to set about **reconstructing** it (**📍Q15**). Today you can see the results of this ambitious programme of **restoration**. The intention, and we believe this will be realised before the end of the year, is to return **Manham Port** to the condition it reached at its peak as ‘the greatest copper port in the country’.
***
But what can you do and see on your visit today? Here are just a few highlights. We suggest you start with the visit to the **copper mine**. Travel on converted mining **trains** (**📍Q16**) and journey into the depths of the mountain along seams once worked by hundreds of miners. Watch out especially for the great pumping machines which rid the mine of water. But please be warned that, like all mines, ours is very **dark** (**📍Q17**) and closed in and we do say that children under five and also dogs should **NOT** be taken into the mine. The next recommended visit is to the **village school**. While looking round the classrooms, take a special look at our display of **games** (**📍Q18**), which is one of the largest in the world. And it’s recommended that you time your visit to coincide with a **guided tour** (**📍Q19**). This will give you the opportunity to ask lots of questions. Near the school is the beautiful old sailing ketch called ‘The George’. You are welcome to board the boat and look round the cabins. Look out for the shop’s wheel which was missing until only five years ago when it was dredged out of the silt by a local fisherman. We have no idea how it got there but it’s been polished and proudly restored to its original place on the boat. Please take care going down the **ladders** (**📍Q20**) if you wish to visit the lower deck – we don’t recommend you allow young children to use them. So we hope you have a memorable visit to **Manham Port** and will tell your friends all about us.

📝 **Question 21 & 22:** Which **TWO** skills did **Laura** improve as a result of her work placement?
🔹 **Correct Answers:** **A** (**communication**), **E** (**organisation**)
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**Oh, definitely. There was so much pressure to meet the project deadline. And I also got better at explaining things and asserting my opinions, because I had to have weekly consultations...**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** **Laura** improved at **explaining things** and **asserting opinions** (**communication** - A), and improved at managing her time and prioritizing due to the **deadline** (**organisation** - E).
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** IT skills were used, but **Laura** states she didn't **improve** on those. The question is about **improvements** in skills.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** The question is about **improvements in skills**, not skills that were simply used.

📝 **Question 23 & 24:** Which **TWO immediate benefits** did the company get from **Laura’s** work placement?
🔹 **Correct Answers:** **B** (**cost savings**), **C** (**an improved image**)
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**Oh, yes. I worked it out – it would have been 250 per cent more. And I thought the end result was good...The new brochure looks really professional; it enhances the image of the company straight away.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** **Laura** states that the work **saved the company money** (**cost savings** - B), and the end result of the project **improved the company's image** (**improved image** - C).
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** Software updates, new clients, and a growth in sales were **not immediate benefits** at the time.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Focus on the **immediate benefits** that happened **during** the work placement.

📝 **Question 25:** **obtaining booklet**
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **D** (**psychology department**)
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**Actually, they’ve got copies in the psychology department – I’ve seen them there. I’ll just go to the office and pick one up.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** **Tim** says that the booklet can be found at the **psychology department**.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** While you might find the booklet on the internet, that is **not stated** in the audioscript as the place to pick one up.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Focus on the **source that is directly stated** as the location to find the booklet.

📝 **Question 26:** **discussing options**
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **F** (**university careers officer**)
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**One of the career officers would be better, they’ve got more knowledge about the jobs market than your personal tutor would have.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** **Laura** suggests a **career officer** is **better equipped** to discuss the options.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** A **personal tutor** is mentioned but **Laura** says they are **not the best resource**.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Understand that the speaker is making a **recommendation** for a **specific person or department**.

📝 **Question 27:** **getting updates**
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **G** (**internet**)
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**it’s best to be proactive, and get updates yourself by checking the website for new placement alerts.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The audio recommends checking the **website** (**internet**) for updates.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** A **mentor** is mentioned as someone who should keep the student informed but it should **not be relied on**.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Pay attention to what a speaker **recommends** and not only who they may suggest to help.

📝 **Question 28:** **responding to invitation for interview**
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **B** (**company’s personnel department**)
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**You get a letter of invitation or an email from personnel departments.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The invitation comes from the **company’s personnel department**.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** **STEP** is mentioned as an organization that is involved, but they **don't send the letter of invitation**.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Focus on the **correct department or person** that sends the letter.

📝 **Question 29:** **informing about outcome of interview**
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **E** (**mentor**)
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**So, once you’ve had an interview you should let your mentor know what the outcome is?**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The audio indicates that the **mentor** should be informed about the outcome of the interview.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** The **careers office** is informed after a job offer is accepted but the **mentor** should be notified **before**.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Be aware that **different people** may be informed at **different times** and that the **order is important**.

📝 **Question 30:** **requesting a reference**
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **C** (**personal tutor**)
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**And that’s something you should ask your own tutor to provide.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** **Laura** suggests asking a **personal tutor** to provide a reference.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** The university **careers officer** is mentioned as someone who can provide guidance on the jobs market but **not a reference**.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Note **who provides the reference** and not just who can give general help.

**TIM:** Hi, **Laura** – could you spare a few minutes to talk about the work placement you did last summer? I’m thinking of doing one myself … **LAURA:** Hi, **Tim**. Sure. **TIM:** Didn’t you do yours at an environmental services company? **LAURA:** That’s right … It’s only a very small company and they needed someone to produce a company brochure, and I wanted to get some business experience because I’m interested in a career in occupational psychology in a business environment. It was good because I had overall responsibility for the project. **TIM:** What kind of skills do you think you developed on the placement? I mean, apart from the ones you already had … Did you have to do all the artwork for the brochure, the layout and everything? **LAURA:** We hired the services of a professional photographer for that. I did have to use my IT skills to a certain extent because I cut and pasted text from marketing leaflets, but that didn’t involve anything I hadn’t done before. **TIM:** Do you think you got any better at managing your time and **prioritizing** things? You always used to say you had trouble with that … **LAURA:** Oh, definitely. There was so much pressure to meet the project **deadline** (**📍Q21&Q22** - Organisation). And I also got better at **explaining things and asserting my opinions** (**📍Q21&Q22** - Communication), because I had to have weekly consultations with the marketing manager and give him a progress report. **TIM:** It sounds as if you got a lot out of it then. **LAURA:** Absolutely. It was really worthwhile … But you know, the company benefited too … **TIM:** Yes, they must have done. After all, if they’d used a professional advertising agency to produce their brochure instead of doing it in-house, presumably they’d have paid a lot more? **LAURA:** Oh, yes. I worked it out – it would have been **250 per cent more** (**📍Q23&Q24** - Cost savings). And I thought the end result was good, even though we did everything on site. The company has quite a powerful computer and I managed to borrow some scanning software from the university. The new brochure looks really professional; it **enhances the image of the company straight away** (**📍Q23&Q24** - Improved image). **TIM:** So in the long run it should help them to attract clients, and improve their sales figures? **LAURA:** That’s the idea. Yeah.
***
**TIM:** Well, all in all it sounds very positive – I think I will go ahead and apply for a placement myself. How do I go about it? **LAURA:** It’s easy enough to do, because there’s a government agency called **STEP** – S-T-E-P – that organises placements for students. You should start by getting their booklet with all the details – I expect you can download one from their website. **TIM:** Actually, they’ve got copies in the **psychology department** (**📍Q25**) – I’ve seen them there. I’ll just go to the office and pick one up. **LAURA:** Right. And then if I were you, after I’d looked at it I’d go over all the options with someone … **TIM:** I suppose I should ask my tutor’s advice. He knows more about me than anyone. **LAURA:** One of the **career officers** (**📍Q26**) would be better, they’ve got more knowledge about the jobs market than your personal tutor would have. **TIM:** OK … **LAURA:** And then when you know what you want you can register with **STEP** – you’ll find their address in the booklet. And once you’ve registered they assign you to a mentor who looks after your application. **TIM:** And then I suppose you just sit back and wait till you hear something? **LAURA:** They told me at the careers office that it’s best to be proactive, and get updates yourself by checking the **website** (**📍Q27**) for new placement alerts. Your mentor is supposed to keep you informed, but you can’t rely on that. **TIM:** I don’t suppose it’s a good idea to get in touch with companies directly, is it? **LAURA:** Not really … But it is the company who notifies you if they want you to go for an interview. You get a letter of invitation or an email from **personnel departments** (**📍Q28**). **TIM:** And do I reply directly to them? **LAURA:** Yes, you do. **STEP** only gets involved again once you’ve been made a job offer. **TIM:** Right … So, once you’ve had an interview you should let your **mentor** (**📍Q29**) know what the outcome is? I mean whether you’re offered a job, and whether you’ve decided to accept it? **LAURA:** That’s right. They’ll inform the careers office once a placement has been agreed, so you don’t have to do that. **TIM:** Is that all then? **LAURA:** More or less. Only once you’ve accepted an offer you’ll probably have to supply a reference, because the placement will be conditional on that. And that’s something you should ask your own **tutor** (**📍Q30**) to provide. He knows about your academic ability and also about your qualities, like reliability. **TIM:** Well, thanks very much for the information – I’m starting to look forward …

📝 **Question 31:** The speaker says that one problem with **nanotechnology** is that
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **C** (it is misunderstood by the public.)
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**And with nanotechnology, society often gets the wrong idea about its capabilities.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The speaker states that society often gets the **wrong idea** about nanotechnology, indicating that it is **misunderstood**.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** While scenarios of nanotechnology being used to spy on people are mentioned, they are presented as **misunderstandings**, not actual problems.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** **Distinguish between facts** and **misunderstandings** about a technology.

📝 **Question 32:** According to the speaker, some scientists believe that **nano-particles**
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **B** (should be used with more caution.)
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**Some scientists recommend that nano-particles be treated as new chemicals with separate safety tests and clear labelling. They believe that greater care should also be taken with nano-particles...**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The speaker says that some scientists suggest **greater care** and **safety tests**, indicating that they want **more caution**.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** The audio states that some scientists are calling for a withdrawal, but this is **not the general opinion** presented.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Pay close attention to phrases like "**with greater care**" or "**separate safety tests**."

📝 **Question 33:** In the speaker’s opinion, research into **nanotechnology**
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **C** (ought to be continued.)
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**But as far as I’m concerned there’s a need to plough ahead with the discoveries and applications of nanotechnology.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The speaker believes it is necessary to **continue** (**plough ahead**) with nanotechnology research.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** The speaker does not suggest that nanotechnology research lacks popular support or that it is unethical.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Identify and focus on the **speaker's opinions** about an issue, often indicated by phrases like "**as far as I'm concerned**."

📝 **Question 34:** **Transport** Nanotechnology could allow the development of stronger ______
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **metal/metals**
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**Thanks to nanotechnology, there could be a major breakthrough in the field of transportation with the production of more durable metals.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The audio says nanotechnology could result in "**more durable metals**" for transportation.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** None, the answer is **explicitly stated**.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Focus on the **material** mentioned as being more durable.

📝 **Question 35:** ______ **travel** will be made available to the masses.
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **space**
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**Those same improved capabilities will dramatically reduce the cost of travelling into space making it more accessible to ordinary people**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The speaker states that "**travelling into space**" will be made more accessible.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** None, the answer is **explicitly stated**.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Be mindful of key words that indicate a **location** or **type of transport**.

📝 **Question 36:** **Technology** - Computers will be even smaller, faster, and will have a greater ______
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **memory**
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**We need nanotechnology in order to create a new generation of computers that will work even faster and will have a million times more memory**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The audio states that new computers will have a million times more **memory**.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** None, the answer is stated clearly.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Identify the key characteristic of the new computers in terms of **storage or capacity**.

📝 **Question 37:** ______ **energy** will become more affordable.
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **solar**
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**The cost of solar cells will be drastically reduced so harnessing this energy will be far more economical than at present.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The audio notes that the cost of **solar cells** will be reduced, making **solar energy** more affordable.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** None, the answer is directly stated.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Listen carefully for **specific sources of energy**.

📝 **Question 38:** Pollutants such as ______ could be removed from water
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **oil**
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**this new technology could help with the clean-up of environmental disasters as nanotechnology will allow us to remove oil and other contaminants from the water**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The speaker mentions nanotechnology removing "**oil and other contaminants from the water**."
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** None, the answer is clearly stated.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Identify **specific pollutants** that nanotechnology can remove.

📝 **Question 39:** There will be no ______ from manufacturing.
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **waste**
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**In terms of production, this means that you only use what you need and so there wouldn’t be any waste.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** The speaker indicates that there would be no **waste** in production.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** None, the answer is directly stated.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Listen for specific information about what will be **reduced or eliminated** in production.

📝 **Question 40:** Analysis of medical ______ will be speeded up.
🔹 **Correct Answer:** **tests**
📍 **Location in Audio Script:** "**How we detect disease will change as tiny biosensors are developed to analyse tests in minutes rather than days.**"
🔹 **Analysis of the Answer:** Tiny biosensors will speed up the analysis of medical **tests**.
⚠️ **Potential Traps:** None, the answer is directly stated.
⭐ **Key Learning Point:** Focus on the type of medical procedure that will be **speeded up**.

Today we’re going to look at an important area of science, namely **nanotechnology**. So what is it? Nano means tiny, so it’s science and engineering on the scale of atoms and molecules. The idea is that by controlling and rearranging atoms, you can literally create anything. However, as we’ll see, the science of the small has some big implications affecting us in many ways. There’s no doubt that **nanotechnology** promises so much for civilisation. However, all new technologies have their teething problems. And with **nanotechnology**, society often gets the **wrong idea about its capabilities** (**📍Q31**). Numerous science-fiction books and movies have raised people’s fears about **nanotechnology** – with scenarios such as inserting little nano-robots into your body that monitor everything you do without you realising it, or self-replicating nano-robots that eventually take over the world. So how do we safeguard such a potentially powerful technology? Some scientists recommend that **nano-particles** be treated as new chemicals with **separate safety tests and clear labelling** (**📍Q32**). They believe that **greater care** should also be taken with **nano-particles** in laboratories and factories. Others have called for a withdrawal of new nano products such as cosmetics and a temporary halt to many kinds of nanotech research. But as far as I’m concerned there’s a need to **plough ahead with the discoveries and applications of nanotechnology** (**📍Q33**). I really believe that most scientists would welcome a way to guard against unethical uses of such technology. We can’t go around thinking that all innovation is bad, all advancement is bad. As with the debate about any new technology, it is how you use it that’s important. So let’s look at some of its possible uses.
***
Thanks to **nanotechnology**, there could be a major breakthrough in the field of **transportation** with the production of more durable **metals** (**📍Q34**). These could be virtually unbreakable, lighter and much more pliable leading to planes that are 50 times lighter than at present. Those same improved capabilities will dramatically reduce the cost of travelling into **space** (**📍Q35**) making it more accessible to ordinary people and opening up to totally new holiday destination. In terms of **technology**, the computer industry will be able to shrink computer parts down to minute sizes. We need **nanotechnology** in order to create a new generation of computers that will work even faster and will have a million times more **memory** (**📍Q36**) but will be about the size of a sugar cube. **Nanotechnology** could also revolutionise the way that we generate power. The cost of **solar** cells will be drastically reduced so harnessing this energy will be far more economical than at present. (**📍Q37**) But **nanotechnology** has much wider applications than this and could have an enormous impact on our **environment**. For instance, tiny airborne nano-robots could be programmed to actually rebuild the ozone layer, which could lessen the impact of global warming on our planet. That’s a pretty amazing thought, isn’t it? On a more local scale, this new technology could help with the clean-up of environmental disasters as **nanotechnology** will allow us to remove **oil** (**📍Q38**) and other contaminants from the water far more effectively. And, if **nanotechnology** progresses as expected – as a sort of building block set of about 90 atoms – then you could build anything you wanted from the bottom up. In terms of production, this means that you only use what you need and so there wouldn’t be any **waste** (**📍Q39**). The notion that you could create anything at all has major implications for our **health**. It means that we’ll eventually be able to replicate anything. This would have a phenomenal effect on our society. In time it could even lead to the eradication of famine through the introduction of machines that produce food to feed the hungry. But it’s in the area of **medicine** that **nanotechnology** may have its biggest impact. How we detect disease will change as tiny biosensors are developed to analyse **tests** (**📍Q40**) in minutes rather than days. There’s even speculation nano-robots could be used to slow the ageing process, lengthening life expectancy. As you can see, I’m very excited by the implications that could be available to us in the next few decades. Just how long it’ll take, I honestly don’t know.