تحلیل ریدینگ آیلتس آکادمیک کمبریج 12 - تست 1: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

مقدمه

بخش ریدینگ آیلتس آکادمیک یکی از مهارت‌های حیاتی در آزمون آیلتس است که نیازمند درک سریع و دقیق متون علمی، مدیریت زمان و تسلط بر انواع سوالات می‌باشد. در این مقاله، تحلیل تست ۱ ریدینگ از کتاب آیلتس کمبریج ۱۲ (Cambridge IELTS 12) را ارائه می‌دهیم. هدف ما بررسی ساختار متن‌ها، استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی و نکات کلیدی برای کمک به داوطلبان در کسب نمره بهتر در این بخش است. این تست شامل سه متن آکادمیک است که به ترتیب سطح دشواری آن‌ها افزایش می‌یابد. داوطلبان باید با انواع سوالات مانند True/False/Not Given، Matching Headings، Multiple Choice و Summary Completion آشنا باشند و استراتژی‌های مناسبی برای هر نوع سوال اتخاذ کنند. در این مقاله، به بررسی نکات کلیدی متن‌ها، تحلیل دقیق سوالات، شناسایی اشتباهات رایج و ارائه روش‌های بهینه برای بهبود سرعت و دقت در پاسخ‌دهی خواهیم پرداخت. با مطالعه این راهنما، می‌توانید نقاط ضعف خود را تقویت کرده و عملکرد بهتری در بخش ریدینگ آیلتس داشته باشید. 

برای دیدن بقیه‌ی تحلیل‌ها به لینک زیر بروید:

پالت ناوبری سوالات 🚀

QUESTIONS 1-5 (Passage 1: Cork)

📝 Question 1:

The cork oak has the thickest bark of any living tree.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text mentions the cork oak bark can grow to "20 cm in thickness," but it does not compare this thickness to *all other* living trees. Therefore, the superlative claim cannot be verified.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Assuming the large figure implies it is the thickest.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The statement uses a superlative ("thickest of any"), requiring a comparison that is absent.

📝 Question 2:

Scientists have developed a synthetic cork with the same cellular structures as natural cork.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage explicitly states that the cork's cellular structure is unique and that "technology has never succeeded in replicating" it. This directly contradicts the statement.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the contradiction is explicit.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The word "never succeeded" is a direct refutation of "have developed."

📝 Question 3:

Individual cork oak trees must be left for 25 years between the first and second harvest.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text notes the *first* harvest takes 25 years, but subsequently, "a gap of approximately a decade" (10 years) separates harvests. This contradicts the 25-year claim for the second interval.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing the time until the first harvest (25 years) with the time *between* subsequent harvests (10 years/a decade).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay close attention to the specific intervals/milestones in chronological statements.

📝 Question 4:

Cork bark should be stripped in dry atmospheric conditions.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The advice is to wait for the right summer's day. If the air is "damp – the tree will be damaged." Avoiding damp air means waiting for dry conditions.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, avoiding dampness is equivalent to requiring dryness.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The necessity to avoid "damp air" is strong evidence for the need for dry conditions.

📝 Question 5:

The only way to remove the bark from cork oak trees is by hand.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states: "No mechanical means of stripping cork bark has been invented, so the job is done by teams of highly skilled workers." Since no mechanical means exists, the job must be done by hand.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the lack of mechanical means proves the manual necessity.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The non-existence of a "mechanical means" confirms the absolute necessity of manual labor.

QUESTIONS 6-13 (Passage 1: Cork)

📝 Question 6:

do not affect the 6.... of the bottle contents

🔹 Correct Answer: Taste
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The virtual monopoly of cork ended due to concerns about the "effect it may have on the contents of the bottle." This is a reference to the wine's taste, often a concern with cork taint.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "effect" or "contents."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The "effect" of stoppers on bottle contents is primarily about preservation and taste.

📝 Question 7:

are 7.... to produce

🔹 Correct Answer: Cheaper
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Screw caps are mentioned as substitutes that are "cheaper to manufacture."
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the comparative adjective is provided directly.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The blank requires an adjective describing the cost advantage.

📝 Question 8:

are 8.... to use

🔹 Correct Answer: Convenient
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Screw caps are described as "more convenient for the user." Convenient is the adjective that describes the ease of use.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the adjective is explicitly provided.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The blank requires an adjective describing the user experience advantage.

📝 Question 9:

suit the 9.... of quality products

🔹 Correct Answer: Image
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Cork's traditional image is "more in keeping with that of the type of high quality goods with which it has long been associated." Image is the noun that suits the quality product.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "traditional" (adjective) or "goods."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The blank requires the perception/reputation of the product.

📝 Question 10:

made from a 10.... material

🔹 Correct Answer: Sustainable
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states that cork is a "sustainable product." Sustainable is the adjective describing the material.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "product" or "recycled."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The blank requires the environmental quality of the material.

📝 Question 11:

easily 11....

🔹 Correct Answer: Recycled
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Cork "can be recycled without difficulty." The verb "recycled" fits with "easily."
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the verb is explicitly provided.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The blank requires the environmental action that can be performed easily.

📝 Question 12:

cork forests aid 12....

🔹 Correct Answer: Biodiversity
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Cork forests "support local biodiversity." Biodiversity is the concept that is aided/supported.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "resource" or "local."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The blank requires the environmental concept that the forests support.

📝 Question 13:

cork forests stop 13.... happening

🔹 Correct Answer: Desertification
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Cork forests "prevent desertification in the regions where they are planted." Desertification is the event that is stopped/prevented.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the environmental problem is explicitly provided.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The verb "prevent" links directly to the noun "desertification."

QUESTIONS 14-21 (Passage 2: Collecting)

📝 Question 14:

The writer mentions collecting ..... as an example of collecting in order to make money.

🔹 Correct Answer: Antiques
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1 (Instrumental reason).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage uses the example of looking for "antiques that they can buy cheaply and expect to be able to sell at a profit."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "money" or "profit."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The blank requires the specific type of item collected for profit.

📝 Question 15:

Collectors may get a feeling of .... from buying and selling items.

🔹 Correct Answer: Triumph
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1 (Instrumental reason).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The writer suggests that buying cheap and selling dear "can give the collector a sense of triumph." Triumph is the feeling gained.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "sense" or "psychological element."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The blank requires the emotion resulting from successful trading.

📝 Question 16:

Collectors’ clubs provide opportunities to share ....

🔹 Correct Answer: Information
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1 (Social life reason).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Collectors attend meetings and engage in "exchanging information on items." The shared item is information.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "items" or "meetings."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The verb "exchanging" is a key word for finding the direct object being shared.

📝 Question 17:

Collectors’ clubs offer .... with people who have similar interests.

🔹 Correct Answer: Contact
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1 (Social life reason).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Clubs bring collectors "into contact with like-minded people." Contact is the noun describing the interaction.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "like-minded people."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "bring them into contact with" is the key contextual clue.

📝 Question 18:

Collecting sometimes involves a life-long .... for a special item.

🔹 Correct Answer: Hunt
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2 (Finding something special reason).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text mentions that some may spend their whole lives in a "hunt for this" (a rare item). Hunt is the ongoing search.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "desire" or "search."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The word "hunt" is the single word in the passage that describes the lifelong search/pursuit.

📝 Question 19:

Searching for something particular may prevent people from feeling their life is completely ....

🔹 Correct Answer: Aimless
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2 (Finding something special reason).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The pursuit "can give a purpose to a life that otherwise feels aimless." Aimless describes the lack of purpose that the search prevents.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "empty" (which is associated with the *end* of the hunt).
⭐ Key Learning Point: The contrasting adjective to "purpose" is "aimless."

📝 Question 20:

Stamp collecting may be .... because it provides facts about different countries.

🔹 Correct Answer: Educational
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3 (Educational reason).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Stamp collecting offers "educational value." Educational is the adjective that describes the value of providing facts about countries.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "value" or "countries."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The providing of "facts" is strongly synonymous with being "educational."

📝 Question 21:

..... tends to be mostly a male hobby.

🔹 Correct Answer: Trainspotting
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4 (Trainspotting).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Trainspotting was a popular form of collecting, "particularly among boys and men."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "collecting" or "boys and men."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The proper noun "Trainspotting" is the hobby described as predominantly male.

QUESTIONS 22-26 (Passage 2: Collecting)

📝 Question 22:

The number of people buying dolls has grown over the centuries.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1 (Dolls).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text details changes in the *materials* used for dolls over centuries, but it makes no comment on the *number of people buying* them (i.e., the market size).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the buying trend is missing.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Be careful not to confuse a change in product composition with a change in market size.

📝 Question 23:

Sixteenth century European dolls were normally made of wax and porcelain.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1 (Dolls).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states that "wood that was standard in 16th century Europe," while wax and porcelain were materials of "later centuries." This directly contradicts the statement.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing the materials of the 16th century with those of later centuries.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The word "standard" identifies the typical material, and the timeline must be strictly adhered to.

📝 Question 24:

Arranging a stamp collection by the size of the stamps is less common than other methods.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3 (Stamp collecting).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage mentions arranging stamps by country or theme but never mentions or compares methods of arrangement based on *size* to the popularity of other methods.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the comparison of different arrangement criteria is missing.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The method of arrangement by size is not discussed, making the statement NOT GIVEN.

📝 Question 25:

Someone who collects unusual objects may want others to think he or she is also unusual.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4 (Individualism reason).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states that collecting unusual items "may be conveying their belief that they must be interesting themselves." Being interesting/unusual is the same underlying psychological motive.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the motive is explicitly discussed.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The desire to display "individualism" by collecting unusual objects is linked to the belief in one's own interesting/unusual nature.

📝 Question 26:

Collecting gives a feeling that other hobbies are unlikely to inspire.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5 (Passion/Fulfilment reason).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The writer states: "More than most other hobbies, collecting can be totally engrossing, and can give a strong sense of personal fulfilment." This implies that the intensity of this feeling (passion/fulfilment) is greater than other hobbies.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the comparative phrase "More than most other hobbies" confirms the idea of unlikelihood for other hobbies.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The comparative degree of intensity/engagement supports the TRUE statement.

QUESTIONS 27-32 (Passage 3: Arson for Profit)

📝 Question 27:

Section A

🔹 Correct Answer: vi A surprising course title
📍 Location in Passage: Section A.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph introduces the course "Arson for Profit" and expresses the author's surprise: "I kid you not: we have it on the books." This focus on the title's unexpected nature makes vi the best fit.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the introduction focuses on the surprising course name.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The use of an exclamation/disbelief ("I kid you not") highlights the surprising nature of the title.

📝 Question 28:

Section B

🔹 Correct Answer: viii The possibility of attracting the wrong kind of student
📍 Location in Passage: Section B.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The author asks: "But wouldn’t this also be the perfect course for prospective arsonists to sign up for?" This question raises the concern about attracting students who intend to commit crimes (the wrong kind of student).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the paragraph is centered on this possibility.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The mention of "prospective arsonists" as potential students directly supports the heading.

📝 Question 29:

Section C

🔹 Correct Answer: ii A course title with two meanings
📍 Location in Passage: Section C.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The author states a subject can have principles "in the sense of being codified" (rules) without being "principled in the sense of being ethical." This distinction is the core of the paragraph and shows the two meanings of "principles."
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the duality of "principles" is the focus.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "without being principled in the sense of being ethical" confirms the heading.

📝 Question 30:

Section D

🔹 Correct Answer: iv Applying a theory in an unexpected context
📍 Location in Passage: Section D.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The author applies the philosopher Immanuel Kant's theory (end and means) to the discussion of marketing, which is an unexpected and philosophical context for a business field.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the application of Kant's philosophical theory is the central event.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The mention of a philosopher (Kant) being used to analyze a practical field (marketing) indicates the unexpected application.

📝 Question 31:

Section E

🔹 Correct Answer: iii The equal importance of two key issues
📍 Location in Passage: Section E.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The author concludes: "A field of knowledge or a professional endeavor is defined by both the means and the end; hence both deserve scrutiny." This explicitly states the equal importance of the two issues (means and end).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the statement is a direct conclusion about the equal weight of the concepts.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The conclusion that "both deserve scrutiny" is the key evidence for equal importance.

📝 Question 32:

Section F

🔹 Correct Answer: vii Different names for different outcomes
📍 Location in Passage: Section F.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The author contrasts using means for an unethical end ("arson" or "fraud") with a proper end (fire science or marketing), concluding: "We have a separate word for it." The different words (names) for different results (outcomes) is the focus.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the distinction is based on the final word/name given to the action.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The contrast between "doing marketing" and "fraud" demonstrates the outcome-based naming system.

QUESTIONS 33-36 (Passage 3: Arson for Profit)

📝 Question 33:

The ‘Arson for Profit’ course is intended for people who want to work in the field of 33 .....

🔹 Correct Answer: Fire science
📍 Location in Passage: Section A.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The course is mentioned as being in the program in "fire science."
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the program name is explicitly stated.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The blank requires the academic field that houses the course.

📝 Question 34:

The course content aims to equip students to become arson 34 .....

🔹 Correct Answer: Investigators
📍 Location in Passage: Section B.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The course is intended for prospective arson "investigators."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "prosecutors" or "firefighters."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The noun needed is the job title of the intended graduates.

📝 Question 35:

The course also trains students to establish a chain of 35 ..... for use in court.

🔹 Correct Answer: Evidence
📍 Location in Passage: Section B.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The skills taught include "establishing a chain of evidence for effective prosecution."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "chain" or "prosecution."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The specific term for the item collected for court is "evidence."

📝 Question 36:

This process should lead to successful 36 ..... in a court of law.

🔹 Correct Answer: Prosecution
📍 Location in Passage: Section B.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The process is aimed at establishing a chain of evidence "for effective prosecution in a court of law."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "court" or "law."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The goal of presenting evidence in court is "prosecution."

QUESTIONS 37-40 (Passage 3: Arson for Profit)

📝 Question 37:

It is difficult to attract students onto courses that do not focus on a career.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Section A.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage mentions two types of academic programs (career-focused and broader) but never comments on the *difficulty of attracting students* to the non-career-focused courses.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the information is absent.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The statement is based on an assumed obstacle (difficulty attracting students) that is not confirmed in the text.

📝 Question 38:

The ‘Arson for Profit’ course would be useful for people intending to set fire to buildings.

🔹 Correct Answer: YES
📍 Location in Passage: Section B.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The writer questions if it would be "the perfect course for prospective arsonists to sign up for," implying that the knowledge (means) could be useful for the unethical goal (setting fire to buildings).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the usefulness for the unethical purpose is clearly implied by the author's concern.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The author's explicit concern about "prospective arsonists" confirms the usefulness of the course content for that purpose.

📝 Question 39:

Fire science courses are too academic to help people to be good at the job of firefighting.

🔹 Correct Answer: NO
📍 Location in Passage: Section B.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The author supports fire science programs as "highly welcome as part of the increasing professionalization of this and many other occupations." This positive view contradicts the statement that the courses are too academic to be helpful.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the support for professionalization refutes the criticism.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The support for "increasing professionalization" indicates that the courses are considered practically useful, not overly academic.

📝 Question 40:

The writer’s fire science students provided a detailed definition of the purpose of their studies.

🔹 Correct Answer: NO
📍 Location in Passage: Section E.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states that when students were asked to articulate the purpose, they "eventually generalize to something like, ‘The safety and welfare of society,’ which seems right." The use of "generalize" and "something like" implies a broad, imprecise answer, not a detailed definition.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the phrasing clearly indicates a lack of detail.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The word "generalize" is the opposite of providing a "detailed definition."