تحلیل ریدینگ آیلتس آکادمیک کمبریج 19 - تست 2- بررسی کامل و نکات کلیدی

مقدمه

بخش ریدینگ آکادمیک آزمون آیلتس یکی از بخش‌های تعیین‌کننده در موفقیت داوطلبان است. مدیریت زمان، درک سریع متن و انتخاب پاسخ‌های صحیح، مهارت‌هایی هستند که نیاز به تمرین و تحلیل دقیق دارند. در این مقاله، به بررسی تست 2 ریدینگ از کتاب آیلتس کمبریج 19 (Cambridge IELTS 19) می‌پردازیم. این تست شامل سه متن علمی و دانشگاهی است که داوطلبان را با چالش‌هایی همچون درک مفاهیم پیچیده، تطبیق اطلاعات و پاسخ به سوالات متنوع روبه‌رو می‌کند. ما در اینجا نکات کلیدی هر متن، تکنیک‌های مؤثر برای پاسخ‌دهی و اشتباهات رایج را بررسی خواهیم کرد تا به شما کمک کنیم نمره بهتری در این بخش کسب کنید.

برای دیدن بقیه‌ی تحلیل‌ها به لینک زیر بروید:

QUESTIONS 1-7

Britain’s Industrial Revolution Notes
 

📝 Question 1:
"In Watt and Boulton’s steam engine, the movement of the piston was linked to a gear system."

🔹 Correct Answer: Piston
📍 Location of the Answer: Second paragraph, third sentence
🔹 Text of the Answer:
"Watt later worked with the English manufacturer Matthew Boulton to invent a new steam engine driven by both the forward and backward strokes of the piston, while the gear mechanism it was connected to produced rotary motion."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
The key phrase here is "forward and backward strokes of the piston", indicating the motion, and "gear mechanism it was connected to", confirming the link to a gear system.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Confusing "piston" with "gear mechanism"
• Assuming "rotary motion" means something separate from the piston
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Understanding cause and effect relationships in IELTS reading—how one part of a system (the piston) influences another (the gear system).

📝 Question 2:
"A greater supply of coal was required to power steam engines."

🔹 Correct Answer: Coal
📍 Location of the Answer: Beginning of the third paragraph
🔹 Text of the Answer:
"The demand for coal, which was a relatively cheap energy source, grew rapidly during the Industrial Revolution, as it was needed to run not only the factories used to produce manufactured goods, but also steam-powered transportation."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
The word "demand for coal... grew rapidly" directly supports the idea of a greater supply being required.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Mistaking "steam-powered transportation" as the main factor
• Overlooking "coal" due to its mention in a broader context
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Recognizing paraphrasing in IELTS reading—"greater supply required" is reworded as "demand grew rapidly."

📝 Question 3:
"Before the Industrial Revolution, spinners and weavers worked at home and in workshops."

🔹 Correct Answer: Workshops
📍 Location of the Answer: Fourth paragraph, second sentence
🔹 Text of the Answer:
"Britain had produced textiles like wool, linen, and cotton for hundreds of years, but prior to the Industrial Revolution, the British textile business was a true ‘cottage industry’, with the work performed in small workshops or even homes by individual spinners, weavers, and dyers."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
The phrase "small workshops or even homes" confirms that work was done in workshops.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Ignoring "small workshops" and focusing only on "homes"
• Assuming "cottage industry" refers only to homes
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Being aware of synonyms and parallel expressions—"cottage industry" includes workshops and homes.

📝 Question 4:
"Not as much labour was needed to produce cloth once the spinning jenny and power loom were invented."

🔹 Correct Answer: Labour
📍 Location of the Answer: Last sentence of the fourth paragraph
🔹 Text of the Answer:
"With these machines, relatively little labour was required to produce cloth, and the new, mechanised textile factories that opened around the country were quickly able to meet customer demand for cloth both at home and abroad."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
The phrase "relatively little labour was required" directly supports the idea that less labour was needed.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Mistaking "mechanised textile factories" as the answer
• Missing the comparison between old and new production methods
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Recognizing comparisons in IELTS reading—the sentence contrasts past vs. present production.

📝 Question 5:
"Smelting of iron ore with coke resulted in material that was better quality."

🔹 Correct Answer: Quality
📍 Location of the Answer: First sentence of the fifth paragraph
🔹 Text of the Answer:
"The British iron industry also underwent major change as it adopted new innovations. Chief among the new techniques was the smelting of iron ore with coke (a material made by heating coal) instead of the traditional charcoal. This method was cheaper and produced metals that were of a higher quality."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
The phrase "produced metals that were of a higher quality" confirms that the new process improved quality.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Confusing "cheaper" with "better quality"
• Overlooking "higher quality" as the key phrase
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Understanding cause and effect relationships—how a process change led to better quality.

📝 Question 6:
"Demand for iron increased with the growth of the railways."

🔹 Correct Answer: Railways
📍 Location of the Answer: Last sentence of the fifth paragraph
🔹 Text of the Answer:
"This method was cheaper and produced metals that were of a higher quality, enabling Britain’s iron and steel production to expand in response to demand created by the Napoleonic Wars (1803-15) and the expansion of the railways from the 1830s."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
The phrase "demand... in response to... expansion of the railways" confirms that railway growth increased demand for iron.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Confusing "Napoleonic Wars" as the sole reason for demand
• Overlooking the phrase "expansion of the railways"
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Pay attention to chronology and historical context—IELTS often includes time references.

📝 Question 7:
"The new cities were dirty, crowded, and lacked sufficient sanitation."

🔹 Correct Answer: Sanitation
📍 Location of the Answer: Last sentence of the sixth paragraph
🔹 Text of the Answer:
"This rapid urbanisation brought significant challenges, as overcrowded cities suffered from pollution and inadequate sanitation."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
The phrase "overcrowded cities suffered from... inadequate sanitation" confirms the lack of proper sanitation.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Misinterpreting "pollution" as the answer
• Assuming "rapid urbanisation" itself is the issue rather than its effects
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Identifying effects of urbanisation—IELTS often tests cause-effect relationships.

Questions 8-13

📝 Question 8:
"Britain’s canal network grew rapidly so that more goods could be transported around the country."

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location of the Answer: Paragraph 3
🔹 Text of the Answer:
The paragraph mentions steam-powered boats for transporting goods along canals but does not state whether the canal network expanded.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
The passage focuses on steam power adoption, not on canal expansion. Since there's no evidence to confirm or deny the statement, the answer is NOT GIVEN.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Assuming that increased use of canals means they expanded
• Misinterpreting the focus on steam-powered transportation
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Be careful with assumptions—if the passage doesn't directly confirm or deny a statement, the answer is NOT GIVEN.

📝 Question 9:
"Costs in the iron industry rose when the technique of smelting iron ore with coke was introduced."

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location of the Answer: First sentence of Paragraph 5
🔹 Text of the Answer:
This method was "cheaper and produced metals that were of a higher quality."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
The statement directly contradicts the claim that costs increased. Since the passage says the method was cheaper, the answer is FALSE.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Misreading the sentence and focusing only on "higher quality"
• Assuming new technology always increases costs
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Look for direct contradictions—if the passage states the opposite of the question, the answer is FALSE.

📝 Question 10:
"Samuel Morse's communication system was more reliable than that developed by William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone."

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location of the Answer: Last two sentences of Paragraph 5
🔹 Text of the Answer:
The passage mentions both inventors and their work but does not compare their reliability.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Since there's no statement about which system was more reliable, the answer is NOT GIVEN.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Assuming that since both are mentioned, a comparison exists
• Inferring superiority from their mention in historical context
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  If a comparison is not explicitly stated, the answer is NOT GIVEN—avoid making logical leaps.

📝 Question 11:
"The economic benefits of industrialization were not shared equally across society."

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location of the Answer: Sentences 2 and 3 of Paragraph 6
🔹 Text of the Answer:
"Industrialization boosted the country's economic output and improved living standards for the middle and upper classes, but many poor people continued to struggle."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
The phrase "many poor people continued to struggle" confirms that benefits were not equally shared.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Overlooking "middle and upper classes" as primary beneficiaries
• Assuming industrialization improved everyone’s living standards
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Recognize contrast signals in IELTS—"but" introduces a key point showing inequality.

📝 Question 12:
"Some skilled weavers believed that the introduction of the new textile machines would lead to job losses."

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location of the Answer: Penultimate sentence of Paragraph 6
🔹 Text of the Answer:
"Skilled weavers feared that unskilled machine operators were robbing them of their livelihood."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
The phrase "feared... robbing them of their livelihood" directly supports the idea that new machines threatened their jobs.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Confusing "skilled weavers" with "unskilled machine operators"
• Assuming all weavers benefited from mechanization
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Pay attention to word choice—words like "feared" often indicate concerns or negative impacts in IELTS reading.

📝 Question 13:
"There was some sympathy among local people for the Luddites who were arrested"

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location of the Answer: Paragraphs 7 and 8
🔹 Text of the Answer:
The paragraphs discuss the Luddite movement and government response but do not mention public opinion on the arrests.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Since there's no evidence about whether the public supported the Luddites, the answer is NOT GIVEN.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Assuming public support based on modern perspectives
• Misinterpreting government actions as an indicator of public sentiment
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  If no clear information is given, the answer is NOT GIVEN—avoid guessing based on general knowledge.

Questions 14-18

📝 Question 14:
"reference to two chemical compounds which impact on performance"

🔹 Correct Answer: D
📍 Location of the Answer: Paragraph D
🔹 Text of the Answer:
This paragraph focuses on the body's physiological reactions to stress, specifically naming adrenaline and cortisol, known as "stress hormones." It explains their impact on an athlete's physical and mental state during challenging situations.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Since the entire paragraph revolves around the effects of these two compounds on performance, Paragraph D is the correct answer.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Confusing hormonal responses with psychological responses
• Overlooking explicit mentions of adrenaline and cortisol
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  In IELTS reading, pay close attention to specific terminology—questions may refer to scientific terms rather than general descriptions.

📝 Question 15:
"examples of strategies for minimising the effects of stress "

🔹 Correct Answer: F
📍 Location of the Answer: Paragraph F
🔹 Text of the Answer:
This paragraph shifts from explaining stress responses to offering practical techniques athletes can use to manage stress effectively. It includes strategies like:
✔️ Using positive language
✔️ Reinterpreting physiological signs of stress
✔️ Practicing visualization techniques
✔️ Incorporating competitive pressure into training
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Since these approaches are specifically aimed at reducing stress’s negative effects, Paragraph F is the correct answer.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Confusing explanations of stress with stress management strategies
• Overlooking key phrases like "techniques" or "methods to reduce stress"
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Look for solution-focused language in IELTS reading—words like "techniques," "strategies," "ways to manage" indicate stress reduction methods.

📝 Question 16:
"how a sportsperson accounted for their own experience of stress"

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location of the Answer: Paragraph A
🔹 Text of the Answer:
This paragraph introduces Emma Raducanu’s withdrawal from Wimbledon as an example of stress in athletes. It features Raducanu’s own words, describing her experience as feeling overwhelmed by "the accumulation of the excitement and the buzz."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Since this paragraph presents a direct, personal account of how stress affected her, Paragraph A is the correct answer.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Assuming general discussions about athletes' stress include personal experiences
• Missing direct quotations from the athlete
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Look for first-person accounts and direct quotations—these signal personal experiences in IELTS reading passages.

📝 Question 17:
"study results indicating links between stress responses and performance"

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location of the Answer: Paragraph C
🔹 Text of the Answer:
This paragraph introduces the concepts of:
✔️ "Challenge state" – leads to good performance
✔️ "Threat state" – leads to poorer performance
It states that research has shown that individuals with a challenge state perform better than those with a threat state.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Since this paragraph provides study results directly linking stress responses to performance, Paragraph C is the correct answer.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Confusing theory-based explanations with actual study results
• Overlooking explicit phrases like "research has shown"
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Look for scientific evidence or research findings—phrases like "studies indicate" or "research has proven" often signal the correct paragraph.

📝 Question 18:
"mention of people who can influence how athletes perceive their stress responses"

🔹 Correct Answer: F
📍 Location of the Answer: Paragraph F
🔹 Text of the Answer:
While discussing techniques for fostering positive stress responses, this paragraph highlights the importance of language, not only from athletes themselves but also from:
✔️ Coaches
✔️ Parents
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Since the paragraph explains how others can shape an athlete’s stress perception, Paragraph F is the correct answer.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Focusing only on self-regulation techniques and missing the role of external influences
• Overlooking words like "coaches" and "parents" as key influencers
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Identify external vs. internal influences—IELTS often tests whether stress management is self-driven or shaped by others.

Questions 19-22

📝 Question 19:
"Performance stress involves many demands on the athlete, for example, coping with the possible risk of ..."

🔹 Correct Answer: Injury
📍 Location of the Answer: Paragraph B1
🔹 Text of the Answer:
This paragraph discusses factors contributing to stress in athletes, mentioning "concerns about the difficulty of the event, their chance of succeeding, and any potential dangers such as injury."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Since the passage explicitly mentions injury as a potential danger that athletes worry about, this is the correct answer.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Confusing injury with failure or competition pressure
• Focusing only on performance-related stress and overlooking physical risks
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Recognizing multiple sources of stress in IELTS reading—stress isn't just mental, it can also be physical (e.g., injury).

📝 Question 20:
" Cortisol can cause tennis players to produce fewer good ..."

🔹 Correct Answer: Serves
📍 Location of the Answer: Paragraph D2
🔹 Text of the Answer:
This paragraph explains the effects of cortisol (a stress hormone) on athletic performance, stating: "In tennis players, cortisol has been associated with more unsuccessful serves and greater anxiety."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Since "unsuccessful serves" are explicitly mentioned as a negative effect of cortisol, this is the correct answer.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Assuming all aspects of performance are equally affected by cortisol
• Confusing cortisol’s effects on anxiety with its effects on specific performance tasks
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  IELTS reading often includes cause-effect relationships—identify what factor (cortisol) leads to what outcome (poor serves).

📝 Question 21:
"Psychologists can help athletes to view their physiological responses as the effect of a positive feeling such as ..."

🔹 Correct Answer: Excitement
📍 Location of the Answer: Paragraph F3
🔹 Text of the Answer:
This paragraph discusses how psychologists can help athletes manage stress positively, stating:
"Psychologists can help athletes change how they see their physiological responses – such as helping them see a higher heart rate as excitement, rather than nerves."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Since excitement is explicitly mentioned as the positive reframe for a high heart rate, this is the correct answer.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Mistaking "nerves" as the correct answer (nerves are negative, excitement is positive)
• Overlooking the role of psychological reframing
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Understanding emotional reappraisal—IELTS often tests how a negative reaction (nerves) can be reframed into a positive one (excitement).

📝 Question 22:
" ... is an example of a psychological technique which can reduce an athlete’s stress responses."

🔹 Correct Answer: Visualisation
📍 Location of the Answer: Paragraph F3
🔹 Text of the Answer:
This paragraph describes various techniques for reducing stress in athletes, stating:
"Developing psychological skills, such as visualisation, can also help decrease physiological responses to threat."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Since visualisation is explicitly mentioned as a stress management technique, this is the correct answer.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Confusing visualisation with other techniques like breathing exercises or meditation
• Missing the link between visualisation and reduced physiological stress
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Recognizing mental training techniques—IELTS often includes psychological strategies that aid performance and stress management.

Questions 23-24

📝 Questions 23-24:
"Which TWO facts about Emma Raducanu’s withdrawal from the Wimbledon tournamentare mentioned in the text?"

🔹 Correct Answers: B & D

📍 Location of the Answer: Paragraph A of Reading Passage 2

✅ Correct Answer B:

"Symptoms of her performance stress at the tournament"
🔹 Text of the Answer:
The passage states that Raducanu experienced difficulty "regulating her breathing and heart rate during a match."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Since these physical difficulties indicate stress-related symptoms, B is the correct answer.

✅ Correct Answer D:

"Aspects of the Wimbledon tournament which increased her stress levels"
🔹 Text of the Answer:
The passage mentions "the accumulation of the excitement and the buzz" as a contributing factor to her withdrawal.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
While it doesn’t explicitly list specific stressors, the phrase suggests that the high-pressure atmosphere and prestige of Wimbledon played a role in her stress. D is the correct answer.

❌ Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:

❌ A: The passage suggests she progressed in the tournament but does not explicitly state the exact stage at which she withdrew.

❌ C: The focus is on why she withdrew, not on stress management measures she might have taken.

❌ E: The passage discusses her personal experience but does not mention public reactions to her social media posts.

⭐ Key Learning Point:
When answering IELTS reading questions, focus on explicitly stated facts but also consider logical inferences—especially when a statement is strongly implied rather than directly stated.

Questions 25-26

📝 Questions 25-26:
"Which TWO facts about anxiety are mentioned in Paragraph E of the text?"

🔹 Correct Answers: A & E

📍 Location of the Answer: Paragraph E of Reading Passage 2

✅ Correct Answer A:

"The factors which determine how severe it may be"
🔹 Text of the Answer:
"The intensity with which a person experiences anxiety depends on the demands and resources they have."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
This statement clearly outlines the factors that influence the severity of anxiety in athletes, including:
✔️ Demands (e.g., pressure to perform)
✔️ Resources (e.g., coping mechanisms, support systems)
Since this information directly addresses what determines the intensity of anxiety, A is the correct answer.

✅ Correct Answer E:

"The harm that can result if athletes experience it too often"
🔹 Text of the Answer:
"Repeated episodes of anxiety coupled with negative responses can increase risk of heart disease and depression."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
This sentence highlights the long-term negative effects of frequent, unmanaged anxiety, including:
✔️ Heart disease
✔️ Depression
Since it directly states the harm that can result from repeated anxiety, E is the correct answer.

❌ Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:

❌ B: The paragraph mentions symptoms of anxiety but does not specify how long it takes for them to appear. There is no mention of duration in the passage.

❌ C: The paragraph lists various symptoms, but it does not indicate which one occurs most frequently. The passage does not rank or prioritize symptoms.

❌ D: The passage discusses anxiety among athletes in general but does not specify which types of athletes are more vulnerable. There is no mention of a specific group being at higher risk.

⭐ Key Learning Point:
In IELTS reading, carefully distinguish between stated information and missing details. If the passage does not specify a frequency, duration, or ranking, then that answer choice is incorrect.

Questions 27-32

📝 Question 27:
 

🔹 Correct Answer: H – Unique
📍 Location of the Answer: Paragraph 1 of Passage 3
🔹 Text of the Answer:
"Let us start by looking at a modern ‘genius’, Maryam Mirzakhani, who died at the early age of 40. She was the only woman to win the Fields Medal the mathematical equivalent of a Nobel prize.'”
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
The word "only" signifies that she was one of a kind in her field, making her unique.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Confusing "genius" with uniqueness (many can be geniuses, but only she achieved this recognition as a woman).
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  In IELTS reading, words like "only" or "first" often indicate uniqueness.

📝 Question 28:
 

🔹 Correct Answer: A – Appeal
📍 Location of the Answer: Paragraph 1 of Passage 3
🔹 Text of the Answer:
"Maths wasn't her interest – reading was."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
This suggests that math had little appeal for her as a child.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Assuming she disliked math rather than simply not being interested at first.
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Understanding contextual meaning—something lacking appeal doesn’t mean it was actively disliked.

📝 Question 29:
 

🔹 Correct Answer: C – Intrigued
📍 Location of the Answer: Paragraph 1 of Passage 3
🔹 Text of the Answer:
"As for maths, she did rather poorly at it for the first couple of years in her middle school, but became interested when her elder brother told her about what he’d learned. He shared a famous maths problem from a magazine that fascinated her and she was hooked."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
The word "fascinated" suggests that she was intrigued by the problem, which sparked her interest in math.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Confusing "intrigued" with "obsessed"—her interest developed over time, rather than instantly becoming a passion.
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  IELTS often tests synonyms—"fascinated" closely aligns with "intrigued."

📝 Question 30:
 

🔹 Correct Answer: B – Determined
📍 Location of the Answer: Paragraph 2 of Passage 3
🔹 Text of the Answer:
"She was curious, excited by what she did and also resolute in the face of setbacks."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
The phrase "resolute in the face of setbacks" indicates determination.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Mistaking curiosity for determination—being curious isn’t the same as pushing through setbacks.
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Look for words indicating persistence—"resolute" means firm and determined.

📝 Question 31:
 

🔹 Correct Answer: J – Satisfaction
📍 Location of the Answer: Paragraph 2 of Passage 3
🔹 Text of the Answer:
"The excitement of discovery and enjoyment of understanding something new."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Since she experienced "enjoyment" and "excitement", this suggests she felt satisfaction in making discoveries.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Confusing "excitement" with satisfaction—excitement is temporary, while satisfaction is a deeper, lasting feeling.
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  IELTS reading often requires paraphrasing recognition—"enjoyment of understanding" implies satisfaction.

📝 Question 32:
 

🔹 Correct Answer: I – Innovative
📍 Location of the Answer: Paragraph 2 of Passage 3
🔹 Text of the Answer:
"Her original research into mathematics."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
The word "original" suggests her research was innovative and groundbreaking.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Confusing "original" with merely being good at math—her work broke new ground rather than just excelling in existing fields.
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Look for words signaling creativity and new ideas—"original research" means innovative thinking.

Questions 33-37

📝 Question 33:
"Many people who ended up winning prestigious intellectual prizes only reached an average standard when young."

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location of the Answer: Paragraph 3 of Passage 3
🔹 Text of the Answer:
"Most Nobel prize winners were unexceptional in childhood."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
The phrase "unexceptional in childhood" confirms that many high achievers were not outstanding when they were young, making the statement TRUE.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Assuming all prize winners were average—this statement applies to most, not necessarily all.
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Be cautious of qualifying words like "many" or "most", as they can change the meaning of a statement.

📝 Question 34:
"Einstein's failures as a young man were due to his lack of confidence."

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location of the Answer: Paragraph 3 of Passage 3
🔹 Text of the Answer:
"He failed the general part of the entry test to Zurich Polytechnic – though they let him in because of high physics and maths scores. He struggled at work initially..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
The passage mentions Einstein’s setbacks but does not state whether they were due to lack of confidence. Since the reason for his failures isn't explicitly given, the answer is NOT GIVEN.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Inferring personal traits (like confidence) when they are not mentioned in the passage.
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  If the passage does not explicitly state the reason for something, the answer is NOT GIVEN—avoid making assumptions.

📝 Question 35:
"It is difficult to reach agreement on whether some children are actually born gifted."

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location of the Answer: Paragraph 4 of Passage 3
🔹 Text of the Answer:
"While the jury is out on giftedness being innate and other factors potentially making the difference..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
The phrase "the jury is out" means that there is no clear consensus on whether giftedness is innate. This confirms that reaching an agreement on the topic is difficult, making the statement TRUE.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Misunderstanding the idiom "the jury is out"—it means an issue is still debated, not resolved.
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Understanding idioms and figurative language is crucial in IELTS reading, as they can change the meaning of a sentence.

📝 Question 36:
"Einstein was upset by the public's view of his life's work."

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location of the Answer: Passage 3
🔹 Text of the Answer:
The passage discusses Einstein’s achievements but does not mention his personal feelings about the public’s view of his work.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Since no information is provided about Einstein's emotions or reactions, the answer is NOT GIVEN.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Assuming that public perception affected Einstein’s feelings—this is not mentioned in the passage.
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  If a statement is not addressed at all in the passage, the answer is NOT GIVEN—don’t assume details based on general knowledge.

📝 Question 37:
"Einstein put his success down to the speed at which he dealt with scientific questions."

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location of the Answer: Passage 3
🔹 Text of the Answer:
"It’s not that I’m so smart, it’s just that I stay with problems longer. Most people say that it is intellect which makes a great scientist. They are wrong: it is character."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Einstein explicitly denies that his success was due to intelligence or speed. Instead, he attributes it to character traits like persistence and determination, making the statement FALSE.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Assuming intelligence or quick thinking was the key to Einstein’s success—he emphasized persistence, not speed.
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Pay attention to direct quotes—if an author explicitly contradicts a statement, the correct answer is FALSE.

Questions 38-40

📝 Question 38:
 

🔹 Correct Answer: C – The development of a spirit of inquiry towards their studies
📍 Location of the Answer: Paragraph 5 of Passage 3
🔹 Text of the Answer:
"However, they must be taught the right attitudes and approaches to their learning and develop the attributes of high performers—curiosity, persistence and hard work, for example—an approach Eyre calls ‘high-performance learning’."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Eyre emphasizes curiosity, which is synonymous with "a spirit of inquiry." This suggests that a genuine interest in learning is crucial for high achievement.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Choosing A, B, or D—although they may be helpful, the passage highlights curiosity as the key factor.
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Look for synonyms in IELTS reading—"curiosity" aligns closely with "a spirit of inquiry."

📝 Question 39:
 

🔹 Correct Answer: B – Being born with a special gift is not the key factor in becoming expert.
📍 Location of the Answer: Paragraph 6 of Passage 3
🔹 Text of the Answer:
"After research going back to 1980 into diverse achievements, from music to memory to sport, he doesn’t think unique and innate talents are at the heart of performance."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Ericsson’s research discredits the idea that innate talent is the main driver of expertise. Instead, he emphasizes deliberate practice as the key factor.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• Option D ("10,000 hours") may seem correct, but the passage clarifies that practice alone does not guarantee genius-level outcomes—it must be deliberate practice.
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Pay attention to what research disproves or supports—IELTS questions often focus on main conclusions rather than minor details.

📝 Question 40:
 

🔹 Correct Answer: D – The guidance of someone who recognises the benefits of learning.
📍 Location of the Answer: Paragraph 8 of Passage 3
🔹 Text of the Answer:
"These children uncovered strong evidence of an adult or adults in the child’s life who valued and supported education."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
The passage highlights the importance of supportive adults in fostering a child's success. These individuals recognize the value of education and guide children effectively.
⚠️ Potential Traps:

• A, B, or C may seem helpful but are not specifically highlighted as the key factor in the passage.
  ⭐ Key Learning Point:
  Look for directly stated causes of success—the presence of a supportive adult is the main takeaway from this paragraph.