تحلیل لیسنینگ آیلتس آکادمیک و جنرال کمبریج 18 - تست 3: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

مقدمه

بخش لیسنینگ، اولین و یکی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌ها در آزمون آیلتس است که نیازمند تمرکز بالا و درک شنیداری دقیق می‌باشد. در این مقاله، به تحلیل جامع تست ۳ لیسنینگ از کتاب آیلتس کمبریج ۱۸ (Cambridge IELTS 18) می‌پردازیم. هدف ما شکستن ساختار سوالات، شناسایی تله‌های رایج و ارائه استراتژی‌های کاربردی برای کمک به شما در مدیریت زمان و افزایش دقت پاسخ‌دهی است. این تست شامل چهار بخش با موضوعات و فرمت‌های متنوع سوال است. داوطلبان باید با انواع سوالات مانند Multiple Choice، Form Completion، Matching و Map Labelling آشنا باشند. با ما همراه باشید تا با بررسی جزء به جزء این تست، با اطمینان بیشتری به سراغ آزمون اصلی بروید. 

برای دیدن بقیه‌ی تحلیل‌ها به لینک زیر بروید:

Table of Contents

• Part 1: Questions 1-10 Analysis & Audio Script
• Part 2: Questions 11-20 Analysis & Audio Script
• Part 3: Questions 21-30 Analysis & Audio Script
• Part 4: Questions 31-40 Analysis & Audio Script

PART 1 Questions 1-10 + Audio Script

📝 Question 1: "Complete the form below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Name: Dan Green, Email address: [email protected], Home address: 52 1 .... Street, Peacetown."

🔹 Correct Answer: Marrowfield

📍 Location in Audio Script: BREDA: "It’s 52 Marrowfield Street."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The answer is directly stated as the street name in Dan's address. The spelling is confirmed, which is important for accuracy.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Candidates might miss the full street name if they only focus on the number. The interviewer spells out the street name to ensure accuracy, which emphasizes that the full spelling is important.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay close attention to the spelling of names and addresses. Double check the spelling when it is stated in the audio.

📝 Question 2: "Complete the form below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Heard about us: from a 2....."

🔹 Correct Answer: relative

📍 Location in Audio Script: DAN: "I usually do that, but this time, well, I was talking to a relative the other day and he suggested it."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The answer is found when Dan explains how he heard about the club, mentioning a "relative".

⚠️ Potential Traps: Dan's statement "I usually do that" might mislead some test takers to look for information on the internet.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Be aware that speakers might introduce background information before stating the answer. Listen for connecting words like "but" or "this time" to indicate a contrast from usual scenarios and that the answer will follow.

📝 Question 3: "Complete the form below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Reasons for joining: to enter competitions to 3 ....."

🔹 Correct Answer: socialise / socialize

📍 Location in Audio Script: DAN: "Well, one thing that really interests me is the competitions that you have. I enjoy entering those...Well, I also like to socialise with other photographers."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Dan states that he wants to enter competitions and then uses the word "also" to introduce his other reason for joining the club which is to socialise with other photographers.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Test takers may mishear the word as "socialize."

⭐ Key Learning Point: Listen for transitional words, like 'also' to understand when the speaker is introducing another part of a list. Also, be prepared to write either British or American spellings, if both are correct.

📝 Question 4: "Complete the form below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Type of membership: 4 ..... membership (£30)"

🔹 Correct Answer: full

📍 Location in Audio Script: DAN: "I think I’ll go for the full membership, then."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The answer is given when Dan is asked what type of membership he would like and he replies "full".

⚠️ Potential Traps: The audio provides two options, full membership and associate membership. Test takers may be confused if they don't wait for the speaker to state his choice.

⭐ Key Learning Point: When a speaker is given options, be sure to focus on which choice they finally make.

📝 Question 5: "Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. Photography competitions Title of competition ‘5.....’ Feedback to Dan The picture’s composition was not good."

🔹 Correct Answer: Domestic Life

📍 Location in Audio Script: DAN: "Well, the theme was entitled ‘Domestic Life’."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The answer is stated when Dan begins discussing his competition entries.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Test takers may be looking for a feedback comment, but the table is asking for a title.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay close attention to the title of each column to know what kind of answer is required.

📝 Question 6: "Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. Photography competitions Title of competition ‘Beautiful Sunsets’ Scene must show some 6 ....."

🔹 Correct Answer: clouds

📍 Location in Audio Script: DAN: "The instructions were to capture the clouds as well – it couldn’t just be blue sky and a setting sun."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The instructions for this competition are that the photo had to include clouds.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The test taker may expect to hear that the scene should include "sunsets", but the focus is on the details of that scene.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Don't repeat keywords from the questions in your answers; be sure to listen to what details are given.

📝 Question 7: "Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. Photography competitions Title of competition ‘Beautiful Sunsets’ The 7 ...... was wrong."

🔹 Correct Answer: timing

📍 Location in Audio Script: BREDA: "I see. So the timing wasn’t right."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Breda uses the word "timing" to explain what was wrong with the picture.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Dan says "I should have waited a bit longer to get the shot" which may cause a test taker to think the answer is "wait longer", but "timing" is the correct answer.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Answers may include specific vocabulary, and paraphrasing is key to understanding the question and answer.

📝 Question 8: "Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. Photography competitions Title of competition 8..... Scene must show 9 ...."

🔹 Correct Answer: Animal Magic

📍 Location in Audio Script: DAN: "And then the third competition I entered was called ‘Animal Magic’."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Dan states the name of the third competition he entered, which is the answer to this question.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Since this competition is mentioned third, test takers may be looking for a different number, however the information is given in the audio in the correct order as it appears in the table.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay attention to the order of information as the answers may appear in that order.

📝 Question 9: "Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. Photography competitions Title of competition ‘Animal Magic’ Scene must show 9 ......"

🔹 Correct Answer: (animal) movement

📍 Location in Audio Script: DAN: "That’s what we had to show – there had to be some movement in the scene."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The answer is stated by Dan as part of the requirements of the Animal Magic competition.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The word animal might not be present in the test taker's answer, but is still correct.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Be sure to write the most accurate answer, but if a word is optional, do not be concerned if you do not include it in your answer.

📝 Question 10: "Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. Photography competitions Title of competition ‘Animal Magic’ The photograph was too 10 ....."

🔹 Correct Answer: dark

📍 Location in Audio Script: DAN: "...but I took it at night and, well, I suspected that it was a bit dark, which is what I was told."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The word "dark" is given when Dan explains why the photo did not win the competition.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Candidates may expect the answer to have something to do with animals or being "too busy", given the previous answers.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Be sure to listen to the part of the audio that relates specifically to the column you are working on.

BREDA: Hello, Wayside Camera Club, Breda speaking.

DAN: Oh, hello, um, my name’s Dan and I’d like to join your club.

BREDA: That’s great, Dan. We have an application form- would you like to complete it over the phone, then you can ask any questions you might have?

DAN: Oh, yes, thanks.

BREDA: OK, so what’s your family name?

DAN: It’s Green- Dan Green.

BREDA: So – can I take your email address?

DAN: Yes, it’s [email protected].

BREDA: Thanks. And what about your home address?

DAN: Well, I’m about ten miles away from your club in Peacetown. I live in a house there.

BREDA: OK, so what’s the house number and street?

DAN: It’s 52 📍Q1 Marrowfield Street.

BREDA: Is that M-A double R-O-W-F-l-E-L-D?

DAN: That’s right.

BREDA: … and that’s Peacetown, you said?

DAN: Uhuh.

——

BREDA: So how did you hear about our club? Did you look on the internet?

DAN: I usually do that, but this time, well, I was talking to a 📍Q2 relative the other day and he suggested it.

BREDA: Oh, is he a member too?

DAN: He belongs to another club – but he’d heard good things about yours.

BREDA: OK. So what do you hope to get from joining?

DAN: Well, one thing that really interests me is the competitions that you have. I enjoy entering those.

BREDA: Right. Anything else?

DAN: Well, I also like to 📍Q3 socialise with other photographers.

BREDA: That’s great. So what type of membership would you like?

DAN: What are the options?

BREDA: It’s £30 a year for full membership or £20 a year if you’re an associate.

DAN: I think I’ll go for the 📍Q4 full membership, then.

BREDA: That’s a good idea because you can’t vote in meetings with an associate membership.

——

BREDA: If I could just find out a bit more about you …

DAN: OK.

BREDA: So you said you wanted to compete- have you ever won any photography competitions?

DAN: Not yet, but I have entered three in the past.

BREDA: Oh, that’s interesting. So why don’t you tell me something about those? Let’s start with the first one.

DAN: Well, the theme was entitled ‘📍Q5 Domestic Life’.

BREDA: I see – so it had to be something related to the home?

DAN: Yeah. I chose to take a photo of a family sitting round the dinner table having a meal, and, urn, I didn’t win, but I did get some feedback.

BREDA: Oh, what did the judges say?

DAN: That it was too ‘busy’ as a picture.

BREDA: Aha – so it was the composition of the picture that they criticised?

DAN: That’s right – and once they’d told me that, I could see my mistake.

BREDA: So what was the theme of the second competition?

DAN: Well, my university was on the coast and that area gets a lot of beautiful sunsets so that was the theme.

BREDA: Oh, sunsets, that’s a great theme.

DAN: Yes. The instructions were to capture the 📍Q6 clouds as well – it couldn’t just be blue sky and a setting sun.

BREDA: Sure, cause they give you all those amazing pinks and purples.

DAN: Yeah – and I thought I’d done that well, but the feedback was that I should have waited a bit longer to get the shot.

BREDA: I see. So the 📍Q7 timing wasn’t right.

DAN: Yes – I took it too soon, basically. And then the third competition I entered was called ‘📍Q8 Animal Magic’.

BREDA: Well, that’s a difficult subject!

DAN: I know! I had to take hundreds of shots.

BREDA: I’m sure – because animals move all the time.

DAN: That’s what we had to show – there had to be some 📍Q9 movement in the scene. I got a great shot of a fox in the end, but I took it at night and, well, I suspected that it was a bit 📍Q10 dark, which is what I was told.

BREDA: Well Dan – you seem to be really keen and we’d be delighted to have you in our club. I’m sure we can help with all those areas that you’ve outlined.

DAN: Thanks, that’s great.

PART 2 Questions 11-20 + Audio Script

📝 Question 11 & 12: "Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO warnings does Dan give about picking mushrooms?"

🔹 Correct Answers: B, C

📍 Location in Audio Script: DAN: "...you should never consume mushrooms picked by friends or neighbours...The other thing to avoid is mushrooms growing beside busy roads for obvious reasons."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Dan gives two warnings: not to eat mushrooms from others (B) and to avoid picking them near busy roads (C).

⚠️ Potential Traps: Candidates may try to look for three incorrect options, and they may expect that eating mushrooms is the most important issue overall, rather than focusing on the specific warnings given.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Listen for the speaker explicitly stating each warning in a list or as distinct points.

📝 Question 13 & 14: "Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO ideas about wild mushrooms does Dan say are correct?"

🔹 Correct Answers: B, D

📍 Location in Audio Script: DAN: "...just because deer or squirrels eat a particular mushroom doesn’t mean that you can...Some edible mushrooms are bright red, for example."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Dan refutes common misconceptions and points out that mushrooms eaten by animals may be unsafe (D) and that some edible mushrooms are brightly colored (B).

⚠️ Potential Traps: Dan gives a list of points that are not true; listen carefully to find the points that are stated as true.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Note that the speaker is contrasting true and false ideas about mushrooms. Focus on the information that is stated to be true.

📝 Question 15: "Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. What advice does Dan give about picking mushrooms in parks?"

🔹 Correct Answer: C (be there first thing in the morning)

📍 Location in Audio Script: DAN: "...you need to be there first thing in the morning, as there’s likely be a lot of competition..."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Dan advises to go early because of competition from others looking for mushrooms.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Candidates may be distracted by the other locations where mushrooms may grow. The text also mentions 'wildlife', but this is not the specific advice related to the timing/competition.

⭐ Key Learning Point: When given options, listen carefully to hear which option is directly advised or emphasized by the speaker.

📝 Question 16: "Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. Dan says it is a good idea for beginners to"

🔹 Correct Answer: B (go with a group led by an expert)

📍 Location in Audio Script: DAN: "If possible, you should go with a group led by an expert – you’ll stay safe and learn a lot that way."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The best advice for beginners is to go mushroom picking with a group led by an expert.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Dan mentions apps and reference books in the text, but the main advice, especially for safety and learning, is to go with a group.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Be sure to listen to the speaker's main point or strongest recommendation, not just any idea mentioned.

📝 Question 17: "Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. What does Dan say is important for conservation?"

🔹 Correct Answer: B (collect only enough for your own needs)

📍 Location in Audio Script: DAN: "You should never pick all the mushrooms in one area – collect only enough for your own needs."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Dan says the rule is to pick a limited number of mushrooms, not to pick all of them, which means collecting only what you need.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Test takers may think that conservation has to do with avoiding certain areas (which is also good, but not the specific answer here), but the advice highlighted for this question is to limit how many you pick.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Listen carefully to identify how each of the options connect to the topic and choose the most accurate and directly stated advice.

📝 Question 18: "Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. According to Dan, some varieties of wild mushrooms are in decline because there is"

🔹 Correct Answer: C (new houses have been built in this area)

📍 Location in Audio Script: DAN: "...the biggest problem is that so many new houses have been built in this area in the last ten years... and mushroom habitats have been destroyed."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Dan explains that the reason for the decline is that new houses have been built in the area, leading to habitat destruction.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Dan mentions that restaurants have an interest in mushrooms, but he doesn't state this as the reason for their decline; the "biggest problem" is highlighted.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Be sure that the answer you choose is the main reason explicitly given, and not just an associated point or a lesser factor.

📝 Question 19: "Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. Dan says that when storing mushrooms, people should"

🔹 Correct Answer: A (put them in the fridge for no more than two days)

📍 Location in Audio Script: DAN: "Collect them in a brown paper bag and as soon as you get home, put them in the fridge. They’ll be fine for a couple of days..."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The best way to store them is in a brown paper bag and then in the fridge, where they last for a couple of days.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Test takers may be looking for a longer time period to store them, or overlook the initial step of using a paper bag.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay attention to specific instructions and numbers, like how many days the mushrooms can be stored and the method of storage.

📝 Question 20: "Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. What does Dan say about trying new varieties of mushrooms?"

🔹 Correct Answer: A (He is enthusiastic about people trying them in new recipes.)

📍 Location in Audio Script: DAN: "Be adventurous! They’re great in so many dishes – stir fries, risottos, pasta. But just be aware that some people can react badly to certain varieties..."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Dan's enthusiastic tone ("Be adventurous!") and suggestion of various dishes indicate he encourages trying them in new recipes.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Dan does mention that some people may react badly, which is a caution, but his overall message and initial advice is positive and encouraging towards culinary exploration.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Be sure to consider the overall tone and main message of the speaker's response, especially when a concluding remark or advice is given.

PRESENTER: This evening we’re delighted to welcome Dan Beagle, who’s just written a book on looking for and finding food in the wild. He’s going to tell us everything we need to know about picking wild mushrooms.

DAN: Thank you very much. Well, I need to start by talking about safety. You really need to know what you’re doing because some mushrooms are extremely poisonous. Having said that, once you know what to look for, it’s really worth doing for the amazing variety of mushrooms available – which you can’t get in the shops. But of course, you have to be very careful and that’s why I always say 📍Q11/12 you should never consume mushrooms picked by friends or neighbours – always remember that some poisonous mushrooms look very similar to edible ones and it’s easy for people to get confused. The other thing to avoid is 📍Q11/12 mushrooms growing beside busy roads for obvious reasons. But nothing beats the taste of freshly picked mushrooms – don’t forget that the ones in the shops are often several days old and past their best.

There are certain ideas about wild mushrooms that it’s important to be aware of. Don’t listen to people who tell you that it’s only OK to eat mushrooms that are pale or dull – this is completely untrue. 📍Q13/14 Some edible mushrooms are bright red, for example. Personally, I prefer mushrooms cooked but it won’t do you any harm to eat them uncooked in salads – it’s not necessary to peel them. Another thing you should remember is that you can’t tell if a mushroom is safe to eat by its smell – some of the most deadly mushrooms have no smell and taste quite nice, apparently. Finally, 📍Q13/14 just because deer or squirrels eat a particular mushroom doesn’t mean that you can.

—–

Of course, mushroom picking is associated with the countryside but if you haven’t got a car, your local park can be a great place to start. There are usually a range of habitats where mushrooms grow, such as playing fields and wooded areas. But you need to 📍Q15 be there first thing in the morning, as there’s likely be a lot of competition – not just from people but wildlife too. The deer often get the best mushrooms in my local park.

If you’re a complete beginner, I wouldn’t recommend going alone or relying on photos in a book, even the one I’ve written! There are some really good phone apps for identifying mushrooms, but you can’t always rely on getting a good signal in the middle of a wood. If possible, you should 📍Q16 go with a group led by an expert – you’ll stay safe and learn a lot that way.

Conservation is a really important consideration and you must follow a few basic rules. You should 📍Q17 never pick all the mushrooms in one area – collect only enough for your own needs. Be very careful that you don’t trample on young mushrooms or other plants. And make sure you don’t pick any mushrooms that are endangered and protected by law.

There’s been a decline in some varieties of wild mushrooms in this part of the country. Restaurants are becoming more interested in locally sourced food like wild mushrooms, but the biggest problem is that 📍Q18 so many new houses have been built in this area in the last ten years. And more water is being taken from rivers and reservoirs because of this, and mushroom habitats have been destroyed.

Anyway, a word of advice on storing mushrooms. 📍Q19 Collect them in a brown paper bag and as soon as you get home, put them in the fridge. They’ll be fine for a couple of days, but it’s best to cook them as soon as possible – after washing them really carefully first, of course.

So everybody knows what a mushroom tastes like, right? Well, you’ll be surprised by the huge variety of wild mushrooms there are. 📍Q20 Be adventurous! They’re great in so many dishes – stir fries, risottos, pasta. But just be aware that some people can react badly to certain varieties so it’s a good idea not to eat huge quantities to begin with.

OK, so now I’m going to show you …

PART 3 Questions 21-30 + Audio Script

📝 Question 21 & 22: "Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO opinions about the Luddites do the students express?"

🔹 Correct Answers: A, E

📍 Location in Audio Script: YOUNG WOMAN: "Yes, and ultimately, they didn’t achieve anything." YOUNG MAN: "Yes, that’s true – but it probably didn’t seem a positive thing at the time. I can see why the Luddites felt so threatened."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The students agree that the Luddites' actions were ineffective ("didn't achieve anything" - A) and their attitude was understandable ("felt so threatened" - E).

⚠️ Potential Traps: Test takers might misinterpret the discussion. While their feelings were understandable, their actions were deemed fruitless.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay attention to phrases of agreement or conclusion between speakers (e.g., "Yes, that's true", "ultimately"). Note when speakers express empathy for a viewpoint even if they critique the outcome.

📝 Question 23 & 24: "Choose TWO letters, A-E. Which TWO predictions about the future of work are the students doubtful about?"

🔹 Correct Answers: B, D

📍 Location in Audio Script: YOUNG MAN: "For example, I can’t see how people are about to have more leisure time, when all the evidence shows people are spending longer than ever at work." YOUNG WOMAN: "And what about lower unemployment? I’m not so sure about that."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The students express doubt about more leisure time (B) and lower unemployment (D).

⚠️ Potential Traps: The overall discussion might touch on optimistic views, but the question specifically asks for what they are doubtful about. Phrases like "I can't see how" or "I'm not so sure" are key.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Listen for phrases that signal doubt, skepticism, or disagreement, such as "I can’t see how...", "I’m not so sure about that."

📝 Question 25: "What comment do the students make about each of the following jobs? Choose SIX answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-G, next to Questions 25-30. Accountants"

🔹 Correct Answer: G (Both their employment and productivity have increased.)

📍 Location in Audio Script: YOUNG MAN: "Like accountants...in fact there are more of them than ever. They’re still really in demand and have become far more efficient."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The students conclude that there are more accountants (increased employment) and they have become "far more efficient" (increased productivity).

⚠️ Potential Traps: Focusing only on one aspect (e.g., efficiency) and missing the point about increased numbers, or vice versa.

⭐ Key Learning Point: When an option combines two aspects (like employment AND productivity), ensure both are supported by the audio for that specific job.

📝 Question 26: "What comment do the students make about each of the following jobs? Hairdressers"

🔹 Correct Answer: E (Higher incomes mean people use their services more.)

📍 Location in Audio Script: YOUNG WOMAN: "Yeah because people’s earning power has gone up so they can afford to spend more on personal services like that."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The students agree that the increase in people's "earning power" (higher incomes) has led to increased demand for services like hairdressing.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The mention that technology hasn't changed the job much might distract from the primary reason given for the increased demand.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the cause-and-effect relationship explained by the speakers for changes in a particular job sector.

📝 Question 27: "What comment do the students make about each of the following jobs? Administrative staff"

🔹 Correct Answer: B (Their role has become more interesting in recent years.)

📍 Location in Audio Script: YOUNG MAN: "Really boring compared to these days, when they’re given much more responsibility and higher status."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The students agree that the role of administrative staff has changed from "really boring" to one with "much more responsibility and higher status," implying it's more interesting.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Focusing on the past description ("really boring") without noting the contrast to "these days."

⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay attention to comparisons across time (e.g., "compared to these days") to understand how a role has evolved.

📝 Question 28: "What comment do the students make about each of the following jobs? Agricultural workers"

🔹 Correct Answer: C (There has been a dramatic fall in numbers.)

📍 Location in Audio Script: YOUNG MAN: "Now it’s less than 0.2%." (referring to the percentage of the population working on land, compared to 25% previously)

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The students note a significant decrease from roughly 25% to "less than 0.2%," indicating a dramatic fall in numbers.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The students' surprise might be misinterpreted. The core point is the statistical change.

⭐ Key Learning Point: When specific figures or percentages are given to show a change over time, these are often key to understanding the extent of that change (e.g., a "dramatic fall").

📝 Question 29: "What comment do the students make about each of the following jobs? Care workers"

🔹 Correct Answer: F (There will be a significant rise in demand.)

📍 Location in Audio Script: YOUNG MAN: "But now of course this sector will see huge growth."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The students agree that the care work sector "will see huge growth," indicating a significant rise in demand.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The mention of current demand ("hard enough to meet current demand") is a supporting point for the future prediction, not the prediction itself.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Distinguish between current conditions and future predictions. Words like "will see" or "likely to" indicate future trends.

📝 Question 30: "What comment do the students make about each of the following jobs? Bank clerks"

🔹 Correct Answer: A (Their jobs are likely to be at risk.)

📍 Location in Audio Script: YOUNG MAN: "And technology will certainly make most of the jobs they do now redundant, I think."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The students believe that technology will make bank clerk jobs "redundant," meaning they are at risk.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The mention of ATMs is a past factor; the key is the future prediction about redundancy due to technology.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Listen for concluding phrases or strong opinions (e.g., "will certainly make...redundant," "I think") that summarize the outlook for a job.

YOUNG MAN: That seminar yesterday on automation and the future of work was really good wasn’t it? Looking at the first industrial revolution in Britain in the 19th century and seeing how people reacted to massive change was a real eye-opener.

YOUNG WOMAN: Yes. It was interesting to hear how people felt about automation then and what challenges they faced. I didn’t know that first started with workers in the textile industry.

YOUNG MAN: With those protesting workers called the Luddites destroying their knitting machines because they were so worried about losing their jobs.

YOUNG WOMAN: Yes, and ultimately, 📍Q21/22 they didn’t achieve anything. And anyway, industrialisation created more jobs than it destroyed.

YOUNG MAN: Yes, that’s true – but it probably didn’t seem a positive thing at the time. 📍Q21/22 I can see why the Luddites felt so threatened.

YOUNG WOMAN: I know. I’m sure I would have felt the same. The discussion about the future of work was really optimistic for a change. I like the idea that work won’t involve doing boring, repetitive tasks, as robots will do all that. Normally, you only hear negative stuff about the future.

YOUNG MAN: Bit too optimistic, don’t you think? For example, 📍Q23/24 I can’t see how people are about to have more leisure time, when all the evidence shows people are spending longer than ever at work.

YOUNG WOMAN: No – that’s true. And 📍Q23/24 what about lower unemployment? I’m not so sure about that.

YOUNG MAN: Perhaps in the long term – but not in the foreseeable future.

YOUNG WOMAN: Mmm. And I expect most people will be expected to work until they’re much older – as everyone’s living much longer.

YOUNG MAN: That’s already happening.

——

YOUNG WOMAN: I enjoyed all that stuff on how technology has changed some jobs and how they’re likely to change in the near future.

YOUNG MAN: Yeah, incredible. Like accountants. You might think all the technological innovations would have put them out of a job, but in fact 📍Q25 there are more of them than ever. They’re still really in demand and have become far more efficient.

YOUNG WOMAN: Right. That was amazing. Twenty times more accountants in this country compared to the 19th century.

YOUNG MAN: I know. I’d never have thought that demand for hairdressing would have gone up so much in the last hundred years. One hairdresser for every 287 people now, compared to one for over 1,500.

YOUNG WOMAN: Yeah because 📍Q26 people’s earning power has gone up so they can afford to spend more on personal services like that.

YOUNG MAN: But technology hasn’t changed the actual job that much.

YOUNG WOMAN: No, they’ve got hairdryers, etc. but it’s one job where you don’t depend on a computer … The kind of work that administrative staff do has changed enormously, thanks to technology. Even 20 years ago there were secretaries doing dictation and typing.

YOUNG MAN: Yes. Really boring compared to these days, when they’re 📍Q27 given much more responsibility and higher status.

YOUNG WOMAN: Mmm. A lot of graduates go in for this kind of work now … I’d expected there to be a much bigger change in the number of agricultural workers in the 19th century. But the 1871 census showed that roughly 25% of the population worked on the land.

YOUNG MAN: Yeah, I’d have assumed it would be more than 50%. 📍Q28 Now it’s less than 0.2%.

YOUNG WOMAN: What about care workers?

YOUNG MAN: They barely existed in the 19th century as people’s lifespan was so much shorter. But now of course 📍Q29 this sector will see huge growth.

YOUNG WOMAN: Yeah- and it’s hard enough to meet current demand. The future looks quite bleak for bank clerks. They’ve been in decline since ATMs were introduced in the eighties.

YOUNG MAN: And 📍Q30 technology will certainly make most of the jobs they do now redundant, I think.

YOUNG WOMAN: I agree, although the situation may change. It’s very hard to predict what will happen.

PART 4 Questions 31-40 + Audio Script

📝 Question 31: "Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. A Space Traffic Management system. Would aim to set up legal and 31..... ways of improving safety."

🔹 Correct Answer: technical

📍 Location in Audio Script: "In order to do this, we’d need to have a set of legal measures, and we’d also have to develop the technical systems to enable us to prevent such accidents."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The system needs both legal measures and "technical systems". The answer must be "technical" to fit grammatically and contextually.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The speaker mentions "legal measures" first, but the question is asking for the other component, which is explicitly stated as "technical systems".

⭐ Key Learning Point: When a list of components or requirements is given (often connected by "and" or "as well as"), ensure you pick the one that fits the gap in the question. Pay attention to grammatical fit.

📝 Question 32: "Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. Problems in developing effective Space Traffic Management. Satellites are now quite 32...."

🔹 Correct Answer: cheap

📍 Location in Audio Script: "Well, for one thing, satellites are relatively cheap these days..."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The speaker directly states that satellites are "relatively cheap".

⚠️ Potential Traps: The speaker also discusses the large number of satellites, which might lead some to think of a quantity-related word. However, the adjective qualifying satellites here relates to their cost.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Listen for adjectives that directly describe the noun in the question (here, "satellites"). "Relatively cheap" directly answers "quite ____".

📝 Question 33: "Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. Problems in developing effective Space Traffic Management. Satellites are now quite cheap and therefore more widespread (e.g. there are constellations made up of 33..... of satellites)."

🔹 Correct Answer: thousands

📍 Location in Audio Script: "...people aren’t just launching single satellites but whole constellations, consisting of thousands of them designed to work together."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The audio specifies that constellations consist of "thousands" of satellites.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The general idea of "more widespread" or "many" is present, but the question asks for the specific scale of "constellations."

⭐ Key Learning Point: When an example (e.g.) is given in the question, the answer is usually a specific detail related to that example. Listen for specific numbers or quantities.

📝 Question 34: "Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. Problems in developing effective Space Traffic Management. At present, satellites are not required to transmit information to help with their 34....."

🔹 Correct Answer: identification

📍 Location in Audio Script: "you can launch a satellite into space and, once it’s out there, it doesn’t have to send back any information to Earth to allow its identification."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The speaker states that satellites don't have to send information to allow their "identification".

⚠️ Potential Traps: Words like "information" or "tracking" might come to mind, but the specific purpose mentioned for the unrequired information is "identification".

⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on the specific purpose or function that is lacking or not required, as stated in the audio.

📝 Question 35: "Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. Problems in developing effective Space Traffic Management. There are few systems for 35..... satellites."

🔹 Correct Answer: tracking

📍 Location in Audio Script: "...when it comes to the safety of satellites, at present we don’t have anything like enough proper ways of tracking them."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The speaker explicitly says there aren't enough proper ways of "tracking" satellites.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Related concepts like "managing" or "controlling" might be considered, but "tracking" is the specific word used in the context of what is lacking.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay attention to negative statements highlighting a deficiency (e.g., "we don't have enough... ways of X-ing"). The "X" is often the answer.

📝 Question 36: "Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. Problems in developing effective Space Traffic Management. Operators may be unwilling to share details of satellites used for 36..... or commercial reasons."

🔹 Correct Answer: military

📍 Location in Audio Script: "For example, a satellite may be designed for military purposes, or it may have been launched for commercial reasons..."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The answer "military" is the first of two reasons provided for operators' unwillingness to share satellite details. "Commercial" is the second, already in the question.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Hearing "commercial reasons" (which is in the question) and not catching the other reason, or writing it down instead of "military".

⭐ Key Learning Point: When a question provides one part of a paired list (e.g., "X or commercial reasons"), listen carefully for the corresponding X.

📝 Question 37: "Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. Problems in developing effective Space Traffic Management. It may be hard to collect details of the object’s 37..... at a given time."

🔹 Correct Answer: location

📍 Location in Audio Script: "Details are needed about the object itself, as well as about its location at a particular time..."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The specific detail that is hard to collect "at a particular time" is its "location".

⚠️ Potential Traps: The mention of "details about the object itself" could be distracting, but the question specifies "at a given time," which points to "location".

⭐ Key Learning Point: Qualifiers in the question (like "at a given time") are important clues to narrow down the correct information.

📝 Question 38: "Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. Problems in developing effective Space Traffic Management. Scientists can only make a 38..... about where the satellite will go."

🔹 Correct Answer: prediction

📍 Location in Audio Script: "...all that the scientists can do is to put forward a prediction concerning where the satellite is heading next."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The speaker states that scientists can only offer a "prediction" about the satellite's trajectory.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Words like "guess" or "estimate" might seem plausible, but "prediction" is the word used by the speaker.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Listen for the exact noun that describes what scientists "can do" or "can make" in the given context.

📝 Question 39: "Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. Solutions. The information should be combined in one 39....."

🔹 Correct Answer: database

📍 Location in Audio Script: "...that will involve creating a single database on which it can be entered."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The collected information needs to be put into a "single database".

⚠️ Potential Traps: Mention of "shared standards" or general "information" might distract from the specific place where it's combined.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on nouns that represent a place, system, or container where information is stored or organized, especially if words like "single" or "combined" are used.

📝 Question 40: "Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. Solutions. A coordinated system must be designed to create 40..... in its users."

🔹 Correct Answer: trust

📍 Location in Audio Script: "...it’s also essential that this system is one that establishes trust in the people that use it..."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The system must establish or create "trust" in its users.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The word "coordinated" is in the question, and the speaker mentions coordination, but the system needs to *create* "trust". Other positive outcomes like "confidence" might be inferred but "trust" is stated.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay attention to verbs like "create," "establish," or "build" and the direct object that follows, as this often provides the answer for what a system aims to achieve.

In today’s astronomy lecture, I’m going to talk about the need for a system to manage the movement of satellites and other objects in orbit around the Earth. In other words, a Space Traffic Management system. We already have effective Air Traffic Control systems that are used internationally to ensure that planes navigate our skies safely. Well, Space Traffic Management is a similar concept, but focusing on the control of satellites.

 The aim of such a system would be to prevent the danger of collisions in space between the objects in orbit around the Earth. In order to do this, we’d need to have a set of legal measures, and we’d also have to develop the 📍Q31 technical systems to enable us to prevent such accidents.

 But unfortunately, at present we don’t actually have a Space Traffic Management system that works. So why not? What are the problems in developing such a system?

 Well, for one thing, satellites are relatively 📍Q32 cheap these days, compared with how they were in the past, meaning that more people can afford to put them into space. So there’s a lot more of them out there, and people aren’t just launching single satellites but whole constellations, consisting of 📍Q33 thousands of them designed to work together. So space is getting more crowded every day.

 But in spite of this, one thing you may be surprised to learn is that you can launch a satellite into space and, once it’s out there, it doesn’t have to send back any information to Earth to allow its 📍Q34 identification. So while we have international systems for ensuring we know where the planes in our skies are, and to prevent them from colliding with one another, when it comes to the safety of satellites, at present we don’t have anything like enough proper ways of 📍Q35 tracking them.

 And it isn’t just entire satellites that we need to consider. A greater threat is the huge amount of space debris in orbit around the Earth – broken bits of satellite and junk from space stations and so on. And some of these are so small that they can be very hard to identify, but they can still be very dangerous.

In addition, some operators may be unwilling to share information about the satellites they’ve launched. For example, a satellite may be designed for 📍Q36 military purposes, or it may have been launched for commercial reasons, and the operators don’t want competitors to have information about it.

And even if the operators are willing to provide it, the information isn’t easy to collect. Details are needed about the object itself, as well as about its 📍Q37 location at a particular time – and remember that a satellite isn’t very big, and it’s likely to be moving at thousands of kilometres an hour. We don’t have any sensors that can constantly follow something moving so fast, so all that the scientists can do is to put forward a 📍Q38 prediction concerning where the satellite is heading next.

—–

So those are some of the problems that we’re facing. Let’s consider now some of the solutions that have been suggested. One key issue is the way in which information is dealt with. We need more information, but it also needs to be accessible at a global level, so we need to establish shared standards that we can all agree on for the way in which this information is presented. We already do this in other areas of science, so although this is a challenge, it’s not an impossible task. Then, as all this information’s collected, it needs to be put together so it can be used, and that will involve creating a single 📍Q39 database on which it can be entered.

As we continue to push forward new developments, congestion of the space environment is only going to increase. To cope with this, we need to develop a system like the one I’ve described to coordinate the work of the numerous spacecraft operators, but it’s also essential that this system is one that establishes 📍Q40 trust in the people that use it, both nationally and at a global level.

One interesting development …