تحلیل ریدینگ آیلتس آکادمیک کمبریج 17 - تست 1: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

مقدمه:

بخش ریدینگ آیلتس آکادمیک یکی از مهارت‌های حیاتی در آزمون آیلتس است که نیازمند درک سریع و دقیق متون علمی، مدیریت زمان و تسلط بر انواع سوالات می‌باشد. در این مقاله، تحلیل تست ۱ ریدینگ از کتاب آیلتس کمبریج ۱۷ (Cambridge IELTS 17) را ارائه می‌دهیم. هدف ما بررسی ساختار متن‌ها، استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی و نکات کلیدی برای کمک به داوطلبان در کسب نمره بهتر در این بخش است. این تست شامل سه متن آکادمیک است که به ترتیب سطح دشواری آن‌ها افزایش می‌یابد. داوطلبان باید با انواع سوالات مانند True/False/Not Given، Matching Headings، Multiple Choice و Summary Completion آشنا باشند و استراتژی‌های مناسبی برای هر نوع سوال اتخاذ کنند. در این مقاله، به بررسی نکات کلیدی متن‌ها، تحلیل دقیق سوالات، شناسایی اشتباهات رایج و ارائه روش‌های بهینه برای بهبود سرعت و دقت در پاسخ‌دهی خواهیم پرداخت. با مطالعه این راهنما، می‌توانید نقاط ضعف خود را تقویت کرده و عملکرد بهتری در بخش ریدینگ آیلتس داشته باشید.

برای دیدن بقیه‌ی تحلیل‌ها به لینک زیر بروید:

پالت ناوبری سوالات

QUESTIONS 1-6 (Passage 1: London’s Underground)

📝 Question 1:

... grew at an astonishing rate, and the central area became increasingly congested.

🔹 Correct Answer: Population
📍 Location in Passage: First sentence of the passage.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states: "In the first half of the 1800s, London’s population grew at an astonishing rate, and the central area became increasingly congested." The word "grew" directly relates to the size of the population.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Looking for a synonym for "congested" rather than the subject that grew.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay close attention to the subject of the main verb in the sentence.

📝 Question 2:

His idea was to relocate the poor workers who lived in the inner-city slums to newly constructed ....

🔹 Correct Answer: Suburbs
📍 Location in Passage: After the mention of Charles Pearson's vision.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage mentions Pearson's idea: "His idea was to relocate the poor workers who lived in the inner-city slums to newly constructed suburbs, and to provide cheap rail travel for them to get to work."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing the relocation target ("suburbs") with the means of transport ("rail travel").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words describing places in relocation-related questions.

📝 Question 3:

Pearson’s ideas gained support amongst some .... and in 1851 he submitted a plan to Parliament.

🔹 Correct Answer: Businessmen
📍 Location in Passage: Following the statement of Pearson's vision.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states: "Pearson’s ideas gained support amongst some businessmen and in 1851 he submitted a plan to Parliament." This identifies the group of people who supported him.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Assuming "Parliament" is the answer; the question asks for the group that initially supported the *idea*.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The use of "some" suggests a group or profession.

📝 Question 4:

The organisation had difficulty in raising the .... for such a radical and expensive scheme...

🔹 Correct Answer: Funding
📍 Location in Passage: Detailing the challenges of the project.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage describes how "The organisation had difficulty in raising the funding for such a radical and expensive scheme, not least because of the critical articles printed by the press." "Raising" is often associated with money or funds.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Thinking of "support" or "interest" instead of the explicit financial requirement.
⭐ Key Learning Point: "Raising" combined with "expensive scheme" points directly to money or capital.

📝 Question 5:

... not least because of the critical articles printed by the ....

🔹 Correct Answer: Press
📍 Location in Passage: Detailing the challenges of the project.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text explicitly says, "The organisation had difficulty in raising the funding for such a radical and expensive scheme, not least because of the critical articles printed by the press." The press is responsible for printing articles.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using a synonym for "articles," which would be incorrect as "press" is the source.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the noun that relates to the verb "printed" in this context.

📝 Question 6:

A two-metre-deep layer of .... was laid on top of the tunnel and the road above rebuilt.

🔹 Correct Answer: Soil
📍 Location in Passage: Describing the 'cut and cover' construction method.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The construction method is detailed as follows: "A two-metre-deep layer of soil was laid on top of the tunnel and the road above rebuilt." The final layer laid is the soil.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing this with the material used to build the tunnel itself (brick, etc.).
⭐ Key Learning Point: "Laid on top of the tunnel" and "road above rebuilt" refers to the natural layer of the earth.

QUESTIONS 7-13 (Passage 1: London’s Underground)

📝 Question 7:

Other countries had built underground railways before the Metropolitan line opened.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Describing the Metropolitan line's opening.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage states that the Metropolitan line, which opened on January 10, 1863, was the world's first underground railway. This directly contradicts the statement.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Missing the phrase "world’s first" and focusing only on the date.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for superlative claims (first, only, biggest) in True/False/Not Given questions.

📝 Question 8:

More people than predicted traveled on the Metropolitan line on the first day.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Reporting on the first day's ridership.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage provides the number of people who rode (almost 40,000 passengers). However, it does not mention any predictions or comparisons to expected numbers.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Seeing a number and assuming a comparison is possible. The comparison element ("more than predicted") is missing.
⭐ Key Learning Point: For comparative questions (more/less than X), the passage must mention both quantities/concepts (actual AND predicted).

📝 Question 9:

The use of ventilation shafts failed to prevent pollution in the tunnels.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Describing the smoke and fumes issue.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states: "...smoke and fumes remained a problem, even though ventilation shafts were added to the tunnels." "Remained a problem" means the shafts "failed to prevent" the pollution.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Misunderstanding the meaning of the contrasting phrase "even though."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Conjunctions of contrast (e.g., although, even though, despite) are crucial in True/False questions.

📝 Question 10:

A different approach from the ‘cut and cover’ technique was required in London’s central area.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Discussing the expansion in the 1880s.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage says, "The ‘cut and cover’ method of construction was not an option in this part of the capital. The only alternative was to tunnel deep underground." Since it was "not an option," a "different approach" was necessary.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Focusing too much on the new method ("tunnel deep underground") and missing the reason for changing.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for phrases like "not an option" or "only alternative" to confirm necessity for change.

📝 Question 11:

The windows on City & South London trains were at eye level.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Describing the City & South London Railway carriages.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states the carriages had "tiny windows just below the roof," which contradicts the statement that they were at "eye level."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Getting confused by the reason for the small windows (passengers wouldn't want to look out) and not checking the location of the windows.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Be precise about location details ("below the roof" vs. "at eye level").

📝 Question 12:

The City & South London Railway was a financial success.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Discussing the financial outcome of the City & South London Railway.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage explicitly states that the railway, "although the City & South London Railway was a great technical achievement, it did not make a profit." This means it was not a financial success.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing "technical achievement" (a positive) with "financial success."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Distinguish clearly between technical/engineering success and economic/financial success.

📝 Question 13:

Trains on the ‘Tuppenny Tube’ nearly always ran on time.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Describing the Central London Railway ('Tuppenny Tube').
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text mentions the line was "very popular" and used new electric locomotives, but says nothing about its punctuality or running on time.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Inferring good timekeeping from the fact that it was "very popular."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Do not guess based on popularity; the specific detail about punctuality must be present.

QUESTIONS 14-17 (Passage 2: Stadiums)

📝 Question 14:

a mention of negative attitudes towards stadium building projects

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph A.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Paragraph A states that stadiums are "regarded with growing skepticism" and mentions disuse/disrepair after major events. "Skepticism" indicates a negative attitude.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Misinterpreting "skepticism" (doubt/distrust) for merely questioning the cost.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for synonyms of "negative attitude" such as doubt, criticism, or skepticism.

📝 Question 15:

figures demonstrating the environmental benefits of a certain stadium

🔹 Correct Answer: F
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph F (The Kaohsiung Stadium example).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Paragraph F provides specific numbers for the Kaohsiung Stadium: "8,844 photovoltaic panels," "1.14 GWh of electricity annually," and "reduction of 660 tons of carbon dioxide output annually." These figures demonstrate environmental benefits.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Scanning for "environmental" and missing the core requirement: "figures demonstrating" the benefits.
⭐ Key Learning Point: When a question asks for "figures," look for numbers and measurements related to the topic.

📝 Question 16:

examples of the wide range of facilities available at some new stadiums

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E (The mixed-use development trend).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Paragraph E lists multiple facilities beyond sport: "hotels, retail outlets, conference centers, restaurants and bars, children's playgrounds, and green space." This is a clear list of a "wide range of facilities."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Stopping after the first example and not seeing the full list that confirms the "wide range."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for a detailed list or examples to answer questions that use phrases like "wide range" or "many examples."

📝 Question 17:

reference to the disadvantages of the stadiums built during a certain era

🔹 Correct Answer: D
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D (20th-century stadiums).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Paragraph D discusses 20th-century stadiums built in suburbs. The disadvantages listed are: "less accessible to the general public," "require more energy to run," and "contribute to urban heat."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Focusing only on the construction materials and missing the negative factors later in the paragraph.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Words like "less accessible," "require more energy," and "contribute to urban heat" are clear indicators of disadvantages.

QUESTIONS 18-22 (Passage 2: Stadiums)

📝 Question 18:

The amphitheater of Arles, for example, was converted first into a ....

🔹 Correct Answer: Fortress
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B (The Arles amphitheater).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states it "became a fortress with four towers after the fifth century." This was its first conversion after the Roman era.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Reading too quickly and choosing "village" (200 houses), which was the subsequent use.
⭐ Key Learning Point: For questions about chronology, look for sequential words like "first," "then," and "finally."

📝 Question 19:

... and finally into an arena where spectators could watch ....

🔹 Correct Answer: Bullfights
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B (The Arles amphitheater, last use).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text says it was "converted back into an arena for the staging of bullfights, thereby returning the structure to its original use as a venue for public spectacles."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Missing the context of "staging" or "public spectacles" and just using the word "arena."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The question asks what spectators could "watch," so the answer must be an event or activity.

📝 Question 20:

Meanwhile, the arena in Verona, one of the oldest Roman amphitheatres, is famous today as a venue where .... is performed.

🔹 Correct Answer: Opera
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B (The Verona arena).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states the Verona arena is "currently considered one of the world’s prime sites for opera, thanks to its outstanding acoustics."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Overlooking the specific type of performance and just stating "spectacles."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the specific event that makes the Verona arena "famous today."

📝 Question 21:

The site of Lucca’s amphitheater has also been used for many purposes over the centuries, including the storage of ....

🔹 Correct Answer: Salt
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C (The Lucca amphitheater).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text says the site was "variously used as houses, a salt depot and a prison." A "salt depot" is a storage place for salt.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Listing one of the other uses ("houses" or "prison") instead of the one related to "storage."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Match the keyword "storage" with the associated term "depot."

📝 Question 22:

It is now a market square with .... and homes incorporated into the remains of the Roman amphitheater.

🔹 Correct Answer: Shops
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C (The Lucca amphitheater, current use).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text describes the current use: "...it became a market square... Today, the ruins of the amphitheatre remain embedded in the various shops and residences surrounding the public square." "Residences" is a synonym for "homes."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "residences" or "market," which is already mentioned as the square.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the noun that is paired with "homes/residences" in the final description of the location.

QUESTIONS 23 & 24 (Passage 2: Stadiums)

📝 Question 23 & 24:

When comparing twentieth-century stadiums to ancient amphitheatres in Section D, which TWO negative features does the writer mention?

🔹 Correct Answers: C (They are in less convenient locations) and D (They are less versatile)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer (C): The text states they are "situated in suburban areas" and "may not be as accessible," which means they are in less convenient locations than the central ancient amphitheatres.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer (D): The text explicitly states "some of the flexibility was lost at the beginning of the 20th century" and that they are "designed for sporting use only," meaning they are less versatile.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The passage mentions they "require more energy to run," but this option is not given. Do not select B ("less spacious") or A ("less imaginative"), which are not mentioned.
⭐ Key Learning Point: In Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) asking for TWO answers, check all listed disadvantages against the options.

QUESTIONS 25 & 26 (Passage 2: Stadiums)

📝 Question 25 & 26:

Which TWO advantages of modern stadium design does the writer mention?

🔹 Correct Answers: B (bringing community life back into the city environment) and E (providing a suitable site for the installation of renewable power generators)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraphs E and F.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer (B): Paragraph E mentions mixed-use developments "helping to regenerate urban spaces" and opening them up to a "wider cross-section of society," which strongly implies bringing community life back to the city.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer (E): Paragraph F says, "Stadiums are ideal for these purposes... because their canopies have a large surface area for fitting photovoltaic panels and rise high enough... to make use of micro wind turbines." This confirms they are suitable for renewable power generators.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Option C mentions "research," but the text focuses on installation/use of generators, not research into them.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Choose the options that are explicitly stated or strongly implied as a positive result in the text.

QUESTIONS 27-31 (Passage 3: The King’s Escape)

📝 Question 27:

Charles II sacrificed one of the very principles his father had died for and did a deal with Scots.

🔹 Correct Answer: Strategic alliance was formed.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1 (First half).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The phrase "did a deal with Scots, thereby accepting Presbyterianism... in return for being crowned King of Scots" clearly indicates the formation of an alliance for mutual political/military benefit.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Focusing only on the religious concession ("sacrificed... principles") rather than the ultimate political outcome ("did a deal").
⭐ Key Learning Point: The core meaning is the exchange of concessions for support, which is a strategic alliance.

📝 Question 28:

... sacrificed one of the very principles his father had died for.

🔹 Correct Answer: Charles II’s religious beliefs contrasted with his father’s.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1 (First half).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Charles II "sacrificed... principles" by accepting Presbyterianism. Since his father died for those principles, this implies that Charles II compromised on a religious belief his father held dear.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Assuming the principles were purely political. They are linked to accepting a national religion.
⭐ Key Learning Point: "Sacrificed a principle" means one party abandoned a key belief held by the other.

📝 Question 29:

After being comprehensively defeated on the meadows outside the city...

🔹 Correct Answer: The Parliamentarians won a decisive victory.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1 (Describing the Battle of Worcester).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "Comprehensively defeated" means the defeat was complete and decisive, confirming that the victorious Parliamentarians won with a clear margin.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Understating the impact of "comprehensively." It suggests more than a simple loss.
⭐ Key Learning Point: "Comprehensively" implies an undeniable and overwhelming defeat.

📝 Question 30:

... found himself the subject of a national manhunt, with a huge sum offered for his capture...

🔹 Correct Answer: A large reward was offered for Charles II's capture.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1 (Describing the manhunt).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The phrase "a huge sum offered for his capture" is a direct statement that a large reward was placed on Charles II's head.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing the "huge sum" (reward) with the "manhunt" (the search itself). The question focuses on the "sum offered."
⭐ Key Learning Point: This is a direct synonym match: "huge sum" = "large reward."

📝 Question 31:

... before seeking refuge in France.

🔹 Correct Answer: Charles II found a place of safety.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1 (The end of the escape).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "Seeking refuge" means searching for shelter or protection from danger. By reaching France, he found a safe haven from the "national manhunt."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Ignoring the context that he was "penniless and defeated" and focusing only on the word "France." The goal was safety ("refuge").
⭐ Key Learning Point: "Refuge" is the keyword that confirms the purpose was to find safety.

QUESTIONS 32-35 (Passage 3: The King’s Escape)

📝 Question 32:

Charles chose Pepys for the task because he considered him to be trustworthy.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Not mentioned (Paragraph 2 mentions the task, but not the reason for the choice).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text mentions Charles asked Pepys to write his account. However, it does not state the *reason* for this choice (e.g., trustworthiness, writing skill, availability).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Assuming trustworthiness because of the sensitivity of the information.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The answer is NOT GIVEN if the reason for a fact is absent, even if the fact itself is present.

📝 Question 33:

Charles’s personal recollection of the escape lacked sufficient detail.

🔹 Correct Answer: NO
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2 (Describing Charles's account).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage says Charles "related to [Pepys] in great detail his personal recollections" and includes "delicious details." This directly contradicts the claim that the recollection "lacked sufficient detail."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Misinterpreting "great detail" as insufficient (which would be illogical).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Phrases like "great detail" are strong evidence that a statement claiming lack of detail is FALSE (NO).

📝 Question 34:

Charles indicated to Pepys that he had planned his escape before the battle.

🔹 Correct Answer: NO
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2 (Timing of the escape plan).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states that "after the battle was definitively lost, Charles began to think of the best way of saving himself." This clearly shows the plan was made after the defeat, not "before the battle."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Missing the crucial time difference ("before" vs. "after").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Check time-based sequencing (before, after, during) carefully in Yes/No/Not Given questions.

📝 Question 35:

The inclusion of Charles’s account is a positive aspect of the book.

🔹 Correct Answer: YES
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3 (Reviewer's opinion).
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The author says, "One of the joys of Spencer’s book... is just how close the reader gets to the action," which is a direct result of Charles II's narrative. "Joys" confirms it is a positive aspect.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Only focusing on the negative critique in the last paragraph. The first mention of the account is positive.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Words like "joys," "strengths," or "well-told" indicate a positive review.

QUESTIONS 36-40 (Passage 3: The King’s Escape)

📝 Question 36:

What is the reviewer’s main purpose in the first paragraph?

🔹 Correct Answer: B. to give an account of the circumstances leading to Charles II’s escape
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph outlines the political background (father's execution, deal with Scots, defeat at Worcester) that made Charles II a "fugitive." This entire sequence is the context/circumstances that led to the escape.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Option A (describing the battle) is a single event, but the paragraph covers a wider chain of events leading up to the main plot.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The "main purpose" of an introduction is often to provide the background context for the subject of the book (Charles's hunt).

📝 Question 37:

Why does the reviewer include examples of the fugitives’ behaviour in the third paragraph?

🔹 Correct Answer: C. to illustrate how the events of the six weeks are brought to life
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The examples (haircut, skin dye, hiding in an oak tree) are introduced with: "One of the joys of Spencer’s book... is just how close the reader gets to the action." The details are used to show the vivid and immersive quality of the writing.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Option A is true, but C is the *literary reason* the reviewer mentions them.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look at the sentence before the list of examples to find the reviewer's purpose for using them.

📝 Question 38:

What point does the reviewer make about Charles II in the fourth paragraph?

🔹 Correct Answer: A. He chose to celebrate what was essentially a defeat.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The reviewer highlights the irony: Charles II "loved the story so much" and created memorials for the escape, which was the result of his "resounding defeat at the Battle of Worcester." He celebrated the escape, not the loss.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Focusing on the celebration itself ("memorialise it") and missing the irony of *what* he was celebrating (a defeat).
⭐ Key Learning Point: The use of "all the more interesting" signals a comment about the unusual nature/irony of Charles II's actions.

📝 Question 39:

What does the reviewer say about Charles Spencer in the fifth paragraph?

🔹 Correct Answer: D. He chooses language that is suitable for a twenty-first-century audience.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text says Spencer's "pacey, readable prose steers deftly clear of modern idioms and elegantly brings to life the details of the great tale." "Pacey, readable prose" indicates a style suitable for a modern audience.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Option C (more detail) is false; the prose is praised for its clarity. Option B (unbiased) is not the focus.
⭐ Key Learning Point: "Pacey, readable prose" is a clear reviewer's compliment for contemporary readability.

📝 Question 40:

When the reviewer says the book ‘doesn’t quite hit the mark’, she is making the point that

🔹 Correct Answer: D. it fails to address whether Charles II’s experiences had a lasting influence on him.
📍 Location in Passage: Final paragraph.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The phrase follows the question: "Would Charles II have been a different king had these six weeks never happened?" The reviewer explicitly states, "This is the one area where the book doesn’t quite hit the mark," meaning the book fails to analyze the long-term impact of the escape on Charles II.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing the questions posed by the reviewer with the book's content. The questions highlight what is missing.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The statement about "hitting the mark" is a direct critique of the book's omission of the "tantalizing question" of long-term influence.