تحلیل ریدینگ آیلتس آکادمیک کمبریج 13 - تست 3: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

مقدمه

بخش ریدینگ آیلتس آکادمیک یکی از مهارت‌های حیاتی در آزمون آیلتس است که نیازمند درک سریع و دقیق متون علمی، مدیریت زمان و تسلط بر انواع سوالات می‌باشد. در این مقاله، تحلیل تست ۳ ریدینگ از کتاب آیلتس کمبریج ۱۳ (Cambridge IELTS 13) را ارائه می‌دهیم. هدف ما بررسی ساختار متن‌ها، استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی و نکات کلیدی برای کمک به داوطلبان در کسب نمره بهتر در این بخش است. این تست شامل سه متن آکادمیک است که به ترتیب سطح دشواری آن‌ها افزایش می‌یابد. داوطلبان باید با انواع سوالات مانند True/False/Not Given، Matching Headings، Multiple Choice و Summary Completion آشنا باشند و استراتژی‌های مناسبی برای هر نوع سوال اتخاذ کنند. در این مقاله، به بررسی نکات کلیدی متن‌ها، تحلیل دقیق سوالات، شناسایی اشتباهات رایج و ارائه روش‌های بهینه برای بهبود سرعت و دقت در پاسخ‌دهی خواهیم پرداخت. با مطالعه این راهنما، می‌توانید نقاط ضعف خود را تقویت کرده و عملکرد بهتری در بخش ریدینگ آیلتس داشته باشید. <br> برای دیدن بقیه‌ی تحلیل‌ها به لینک زیر بروید:

برای دیدن بقیه‌ی تحلیل‌ها به لینک زیر بروید:

پالت ناوبری سوالات 🚀

QUESTIONS 1-8 (Passage 1: Coconut Palm)

📝 Question 1:

The trunk of the coconut palm is used for timber for houses and the making of 1.....?

🔹 Correct Answer: Furniture
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The trunk is used for timber for houses and is increasingly used in the "furniture construction industry." Furniture is the end product mentioned.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "hardwoods" which is the material it replaces.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The blank requires the product/industry that the timber is used to create.

📝 Question 2:

The flower stems of the coconut palm provide sap, used as a drink or a source of 2 ....

🔹 Correct Answer: Sugar
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The sap from the flower stems can be "reduced by boiling to produce a type of sugar used for cooking." Sugar is the key derivative mentioned.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "drink" or "sap," which are mentioned earlier in the sentence.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The question asks for the product *other than a drink* that the sap is a source of.

📝 Question 3:

The middle layer (coir fibres) of the coconut palm fruit is used for 3 ....?

🔹 Correct Answer: Ropes
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states coir is "particularly important in manufacturing ropes." Ropes is the specific use highlighted.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "fibre" or "coir," which describe the material itself.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the noun that represents the end product of the manufacturing process.

📝 Question 4:

The inner layer (shell) of the coconut palm fruit is a source of 4....?

🔹 Correct Answer: Charcoal
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The shell produces "charcoal, which is widely used in various industries as well as in the home as a cooking fuel."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "fuel" or "industries."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The blank asks for the product obtained from the shell.

📝 Question 5:

The inner layer (shell) of the coconut palm fruit, when halved, is used for 5....?

🔹 Correct Answer: Bowls
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The shell, "When broken in half... are also used as bowls in many parts of Asia."
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the function is directly described.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the noun that describes the utensil or container that the shell becomes.

📝 Question 6:

Coconut water is a drink, and a source of 6.... for other plants.

🔹 Correct Answer: Hormones
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Coconut water "provides the hormones which encourage other plants to grow more rapidly."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "yields" or "plants."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The blank needs the noun that describes the substance that encourages plant growth.

📝 Question 7:

Coconut flesh is used to make oil and milk for cooking and 7.....

🔹 Correct Answer: Cosmetics
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Coconut oil and milk are used in cooking "as well as in cosmetics."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "milk" or "oil."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The blank asks for the second industry/use after cooking.

📝 Question 8:

Glycerine, which is derived from coconut flesh, is an ingredient in 8....?

🔹 Correct Answer: Dynamite
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Glycerine is a derivative that acquired importance as Nobel introduced his nitroglycerine-based invention: "dynamite."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "nitroglycerine" (which is a component of dynamite) instead of the final product.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The question asks for the final invention/product that uses the ingredient.

QUESTIONS 9-13 (Passage 1: Coconut Palm)

📝 Question 9:

Coconut seeds need shade in order to germinate.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage states coconut seeds are able to germinate and root even when "exposed to the full glare of the tropical sun." This directly contradicts the need for shade.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the contradiction is explicit.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for keywords like "full glare" which directly negate the concept of "shade."

📝 Question 10:

Coconuts were probably transported to Asia from America in the 16th century.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage states that Arab traders and European sailors are likely to have moved coconuts "from South and Southeast Asia to Africa and then across the Atlantic to the east coast of America." The movement was from Asia to America, the reverse of the statement.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing the source and destination (Asia vs. America).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay close attention to the prepositions of direction (to/from) when dealing with transport and geography.

📝 Question 11:

Coconuts found on the west coast of America were a different type from those found on the east coast.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage discusses the origin of coconuts on the east and west coasts but does not compare the *type* or *variety* of coconuts between the two coasts.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Inferring a difference in type from the difference in origin.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The specific detail about "different type" is absent, rendering the answer NOT GIVEN.

📝 Question 12:

All coconuts found in Asia are cultivated varieties.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states that in Asia, "there are no relatives growing in the wild." This implies that all existing coconuts are cultivated varieties, confirming the statement.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the implication is strong enough for TRUE.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The absence of wild relatives in a region confirms that all current specimens must be cultivated.

📝 Question 13:

Coconuts are cultivated in different ways in America and the Pacific.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: While the passage mentions cultivation, it does not provide any details or comparison of the *methods* used in America versus the Pacific.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the specific comparison detail is missing.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The existence of cultivation is given, but the method comparison ("different ways") is not, resulting in NOT GIVEN.

QUESTIONS 14-17 (Passage 2: Baby Talk)

📝 Question 14:

the importance of adults giving babies individual attention when talking to them

🔹 Correct Answer: D
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Ramirez-Esparza noted: "it really matters whether you use baby talk in a one-on-one context." "One-on-one" is a direct synonym for individual attention.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the finding is clearly stated with explicit phrasing.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "one-on-one context" is the key finding demonstrating the importance of individual attention.

📝 Question 15:

the connection between what babies hear and their own efforts to create speech

🔹 Correct Answer: F
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph F.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Kuhl's research showed that "listening to baby talk prompts infant brains to start practicing their language skills." The activation in motor areas when infants are "simply listening" connects hearing to the brain's effort to create speech.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the connection between listening and practicing/motor activation is explicit.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrases "listening to baby talk prompts... practicing their language skills" confirms the necessary connection.

📝 Question 16:

the advantage for the baby of having two parents each speaking in a different way

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The section discusses the different roles of mothers and fathers. VanDam notes the advantage: the child "gets to practice a certain kind of speech with mom and another kind of speech with dad, so the kid then has a wider repertoire of kinds of speech to practice." This is the advantage of hearing different ways.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Focusing only on the definition of the "bridge hypothesis" and missing the stated advantage.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The outcome of the different speech styles is the "wider repertoire," which is the advantage.

📝 Question 17:

the connection between the amount of baby talk babies hear and how much vocalizing they do themselves

🔹 Correct Answer: D
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Ramirez-Esparza's study explicitly found that "the more baby talk parents used, the more their youngsters began to babble." Babbling is the vocalizing they do themselves, and the phrases "the more... the more" shows the connection/correlation.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the language is a clear statement of correlation.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for correlative structures ("the more... the more") to link input amount (baby talk) to output amount (vocalizing/babble).

QUESTIONS 18-23 (Passage 2: Baby Talk)

📝 Question 18:

Researchers at Washington State University used 18..... , together with specialized computer programs, to analyze how parents interacted with their babies during a normal day.

🔹 Correct Answer: Recording devices
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: VanDam's team "equipped parents with recording devices and speech-recognition software" (computer program).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "software" or "programs," which are mentioned as the second tool.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The question asks for the physical equipment used to capture the data.

📝 Question 19:

The study revealed that 19..... tended not to modify their ordinary speech patterns when interacting with their babies.

🔹 Correct Answer: Fathers / Dads
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The study found that "dads aren’t doing the same thing. Dads didn’t raise their pitch or fundamental frequency." This means they did not modify their ordinary speech patterns.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "moms" (who *did* modify their speech).
⭐ Key Learning Point: The sentence requires the group that did not conform to the expected pattern.

📝 Question 20:

According to an idea known as the 20..... , they may use a more adult type of speech to prepare infants for the language they will hear outside the family home.

🔹 Correct Answer: Bridge hypothesis
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states: "Their role may be rooted in what is called the bridge hypothesis, which dates back to 1975." The question asks for the name of the idea/hypothesis.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "role" or "language."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The blank asks for the proper noun phrase that labels the idea.

📝 Question 21:

According to the researchers, hearing baby talk from one parent and 'normal' language from the other expands the baby's 21..... of types of speech which they can practice.

🔹 Correct Answer: Repertoire
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The quoted phrase states the child has a "wider repertoire of kinds of speech to practice." Repertoire refers to the collection/range of skills.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "kinds" or "speech."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The blank requires the noun that describes the range/collection of speech types.

📝 Question 22:

Meanwhile, another study carried out by scientists from the University of Washington and the University of Connecticut recorded speech and sound using special 22..... that the babies were equipped with.

🔹 Correct Answer: Vests
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The study involved "fitting 26 children with audio-recording vests." The vests were the special equipment used to record.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "audio-recording" or "children."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The blank requires the physical item that the babies wore to record the sound.

📝 Question 23:

When they studied the babies again at age two, they found that those who had heard a lot of baby talk in infancy had a much larger 23.... than those who had not.

🔹 Correct Answer: Vocabulary
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The researchers found that frequent baby talk "had dramatically boosted vocabulary, regardless of socioeconomic status." Vocabulary is the aspect of language development that was larger.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "babble" (which increased *before* age two) or "status."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The blank refers to the measurable outcome at age two.

QUESTIONS 24-26 (Passage 2: Baby Talk)

📝 Question 24:

a reference to a change which occurs in babies’ brain activity before the end of their first year.

🔹 Correct Answer: F
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph F.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The research compared 7-month-olds with "older infants" (before end of first year) and found a change: the brains of the older infants "worked harder at the motor activations of non-native sounds compared to native sounds." This is the change in brain activity.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the finding describes a developmental change between the two age groups.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for a comparison between two age groups in infancy that highlights a new developmental difference.

📝 Question 25:

an example of what some parents do for their baby’s benefit before birth

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph A.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph mentions parents "play classical music to their pregnant bellies." This is done for the baby's potential benefit "while still in the womb" (before birth).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the example is clearly pre-birth and for benefit.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the action linked to "pregnant bellies" or the "womb."

📝 Question 26:

a mention of babies’ preference for the sounds that other babies make

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Researchers found that babies seem to "like listening to each other rather than to adults" and that "the ‘infant’ sounds held babies’ attention nearly 40 percent longer." This demonstrates a clear preference.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the finding is clearly stated and quantified.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the noun "preference" or a quantitative comparison (held attention longer) between two sound sources.

QUESTIONS 27-31 (Passage 3: Harappan Civilisation)

📝 Question 27:

proposed explanations for the decline of the Harappan Civilisation

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: This paragraph lists various theories: major glacier-fed rivers changed course; could not cope with increasing population; trading economy broke down; succumbed to invasion/conflict; and climate change caused environmental change. These are all proposed explanations.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the paragraph is a clear list of multiple theories.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for a paragraph containing a list of potential causes or theories about an event.

📝 Question 28:

reference to a present-day application of some archaeological research findings

🔹 Correct Answer: H
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph H.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Petrie states that by investigating past responses, "we can learn from the past to engage with the public... to be more proactive in issues such as the management and administration of water supply." Water management is a present-day application.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the link between "learn from the past" and current issues is explicit.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for phrases like "learn from the past" or "proactive in issues" to find a modern application.

📝 Question 29:

a difference between the Harappan Civilisation and another culture of the same period

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph A.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Harappans "seemed to have left almost no depictions of themselves," but the text contrasts this with the Egyptians, who "were carving and painting representations of themselves all over their temples." This is a clear difference between two contemporary cultures.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the difference in artistic practice is explicitly stated.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the use of contrast (e.g., "and yet," "at a time when") between the Harappans and another culture.

📝 Question 30:

a description of some features of Harappan urban design

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph describes the cities as having "distinct sectors," "Houses were arranged in blocks, with wide main streets and narrow alleyways, and many had their own wells and drainage systems." These are detailed features of the urban design.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the paragraph is a clear description of city layout.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for detailed lists of elements such as streets, houses, and infrastructure to find urban design descriptions.

📝 Question 31:

reference to the discovery of errors made by previous archaeologists

🔹 Correct Answer: D
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Petrie's team found that many sites "were not where they were supposed to be," citing "inaccuracies in the published geographic locations of ancient settlements." This is the discovery of errors made by previous researchers.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the correction of previous errors is the main point of the paragraph.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words like "inaccuracies" and "not where they were supposed to be" to signal the discovery of flaws in prior data.

QUESTIONS 32-36 (Passage 3: Harappan Civilisation)

📝 Question 32:

By collecting the 32 .... of snails and analysing them, they discovered evidence of a change in water levels in a 33 .... in the region.

🔹 Correct Answer: Shells
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Researchers "gathered shells of Melanoides tuberculate snails from the sediments of an ancient lake." Shells were the item collected for analysis.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "snails" or "sediments."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The blank requires the noun that represents the physical object gathered for geochemical analysis.

📝 Question 33:

By collecting the 32 .... of snails and analysing them, they discovered evidence of a change in water levels in a 33 .... in the region.

🔹 Correct Answer: Lake
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The shells were gathered from the sediments of an "ancient lake." The lake is the source of the water level changes.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "sediments" or "region."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The blank requires the body of water where the change in water levels was detected.

📝 Question 34:

This occurred when there was less 34 .... than evaporation, and suggests that there was an extended period of drought.

🔹 Correct Answer: Rainfall
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The abrupt change occurred when "the amount of evaporation from the lake exceeded the rainfall." This is the factor that was less than evaporation.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "evaporation" which is the greater factor.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrasing "less... than evaporation" requires the corresponding noun from the sentence's comparison.

📝 Question 35:

Petrie and Singh’s team are using archaeological records to look at 35 .... from five millennia ago, in order to know whether people had adapted their agricultural practices to changing climatic conditions.

🔹 Correct Answer: Grains
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph G.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The team is "analysing grains cultivated at the time, and trying to work out whether they were grown under extreme conditions of water stress." Grains are the item being analyzed.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "practices" or "crops."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The blank requires the fossilized food item that is being subjected to analysis.

📝 Question 36:

They are also examining objects including 36 ...., so as to find out about links between inhabitants of different parts of the region and whether these changed over time.

🔹 Correct Answer: Pottery
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph G.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The team is "also looking at whether the types of pottery used, and other aspects of their material culture, were distinctive to specific regions." Pottery is the specific object type mentioned.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "culture" or "objects."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The blank requires the type of artifact being examined for cultural links.

QUESTIONS 37-40 (Passage 3: Harappan Civilisation)

📝 Question 37:

Finding further information about changes to environmental conditions in the region is vital.

🔹 Correct Answer: B (Ravindanath Singh)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph F.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Singh explains: "it is essential that we obtain more climate data from areas close to the two great cities." "Essential" is a synonym for vital, and "climate data" refers to environmental conditions.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the language is explicit about the necessity of more data.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The use of the word "essential" directly supports the statement that the information is vital.

📝 Question 38:

Examining previous patterns of behavior may have long-term benefits.

🔹 Correct Answer: A (Cameron Petrie)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph H.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Petrie states that by "investigating responses to environmental pressures... we can learn from the past to engage with the public... to be more proactive in issues" (long-term benefits).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the focus on applying past learning to future proactive behavior is clear.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrases "learn from the past" and "be more proactive in issues" confirm the statement's meaning.

📝 Question 39:

Rough calculations indicate the approximate length of a period of water shortage.

🔹 Correct Answer: D (David Hodell)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Hodell says: "We estimate that the weakening of the Indian summer monsoon climate lasted about 200 years." "Estimate" is a rough calculation, and "200 years" is the approximate length of the water shortage (drought).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the quote directly provides the estimate for the duration of the climate change.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The use of the word "estimate" followed by a time period confirms the statement.

📝 Question 40:

Information about the decline of the Harappan Civilisation has been lacking.

🔹 Correct Answer: A (Cameron Petrie)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Petrie explains: "There is plenty of archaeological evidence to tell us about the rise... but relatively little about its fall." "Relatively little" means information has been lacking.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None, the contrast between the amount of evidence for the rise vs. the fall is clearly stated.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "relatively little about its fall" is the primary evidence for the lack of information.