تحلیل ریدینگ آیلتس جنرال کمبریج 14 - تست 3: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

مقدمه: بخش ریدینگ آیلتس جنرال، توانایی شما در درک متون کاربردی و روزمره را می‌سنجد. برای موفقیت در این بخش، باید با انواع مختلف متن و سوالات آشنا باشید و بتوانید اطلاعات مورد نیاز را به سرعت پیدا کنید. در این راهنما، تحلیل تست ۳ ریدینگ جنرال از کتاب آیلتس کمبریج ۱۴ (Cambridge IELTS 14) را به صورت جامع انجام می‌دهیم. هدف ما آموزش استراتژی‌های موثر برای مدیریت زمان و پاسخ‌دهی دقیق به سوالات متنوع این بخش، از جمله سوالات مربوط به تبلیغات، اطلاعیه‌ها و متون بلندتر است. با مطالعه این تحلیل، با ساختار آزمون بیشتر آشنا شده و با اعتماد به نفس بالاتری تمرین خواهید کرد. 

پالت ناوبری سوالات (Question Navigation)

SECTION 1: Entertainment & Dosoco Foundation

Westhaven Entertainment Guide (Questions 1-7)

📝 Question 1: requires customers to be a specific minimum height

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: TRAX INDOOR KARTING CENTRE (A). "All drivers must meet the minimum height requirement of 5 feet (1.52 m)..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The quote directly states the requirement for a "minimum height of 5 feet (1.52 m)" for all drivers, which matches the question's requirement.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The other sections mention various restrictions (e.g., specific footgear at D, age for under-fives at C), but A is the only one stating a minimum height.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Scan for numbers and specific measurement words (e.g., height, weight, length) to find restrictions or criteria.

📝 Question 2: mentions having a restaurant where meals are served throughout the day

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: WESTHAVEN GOLF CLUB (E). "Restaurant: good food served all day. Visitors welcome."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text explicitly states, "good food served all day" in the context of the club's Restaurant, which confirms the question.
⚠️ Potential Traps: A (burger bar) and D (fast food area) mention food, but E is the only one using the word "Restaurant" and confirming food is served "all day."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay attention to specific time markers ("all day," "later times") when searching for venue details.

📝 Question 3: has equipment for use in the water that can create waves

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: STAR LEISURE CENTRE (C). "Exciting leisure complex with four pools, wave machine..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: A "wave machine" is a piece of equipment that creates waves in water, directly confirming the statement.
⚠️ Potential Traps: B mentions a simulator for a "stormy sea," but this is a hands-on display, not water equipment for use by customers.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Match the physical description of the equipment ("wave machine") to the activity described.

📝 Question 4: offers a reduction in prices for people who are permanent members

🔹 Correct Answer: D
📍 Location in Passage: LLOYD’S LANES (D). "Monday to Friday 10 am to 6 pm: non-members £3.50; members £2.50. ...other times: non-members £4.50; members £3.75."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: In both price brackets, the cost for "members" is lower than for "non-members," which constitutes a "reduction in prices" or a discount for permanent members.
⚠️ Potential Traps: E charges different rates for 9 holes vs 18 holes, but not based on a permanent membership scheme.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for comparative financial details (e.g., cheaper for X, discount for Y, different rates for Z).

📝 Question 5: provides an area where people can watch the activity without paying

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: TRAX INDOOR KARTING CENTRE (A). "Spectators welcome. ...Charges: from £11 per person."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The statement "Spectators welcome" suggests they can enter the facility. Since the charge is "per person" (implying the driver), and no separate fee for spectators is listed, this is the most likely option where people can watch (spectate) without paying the activity fee.
⚠️ Potential Traps: B says "No charge for admission," but this implies the activity (viewing the museum) is free, not that there is a separate area for watching an activity.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The word "Spectators" specifically refers to non-participants who are watching.

📝 Question 6: is closed on certain national public holidays

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: TRAX INDOOR KARTING CENTRE (A). "Open: all year daily 10 am to 6 pm... except Christmas Eve, Christmas Day, Boxing Day and New Year’s Day."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text lists specific public holidays ("Christmas Day," "New Year’s Day") on which the venue is closed, directly confirming the statement.
⚠️ Potential Traps: B is closed during winter but not specifically on all public holidays. C, D, and E say "Open: all year daily."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the exception clauses (e.g., "except," "excluding") in opening times for evidence of closures.

📝 Question 7: offers visitors the chance to experience a rescue scenario

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: WESTHAVEN LIFEBOAT MUSEUM (B). "Try our hands-on simulator — take charge of a daring rescue on a stormy sea."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The phrase "hands-on simulator" that allows visitors to "take charge of a daring rescue" is a direct description of the chance to experience a rescue scenario.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a unique feature of the museum.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words indicating interactive or simulated experience (e.g., "hands-on," "simulator," "take charge").

Dosoco Foundation Funding (Questions 8-14)

📝 Question 8: You can apply to Dosoco now for grant funding.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "The next round of Dosoco grant funding will shortly be open for applications."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states the funding will "shortly be open" and that this is the "next round," which means applications are not open now. This directly contradicts the statement.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The word "funding" and "applications" are present, tempting the reader to select TRUE. The trap is ignoring the critical phrase "will shortly be open."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Always check the tense and time markers (e.g., "now," "shortly," "in the future") to verify a factual claim about availability.

📝 Question 9: You can apply for a grant that will help to educate a musician.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "Grants are available from... in the areas of music education (e.g. working with a talented music student with either physical, social or learning disabilities)..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "Music education" directly covers helping to educate a musician (the "talented music student"). This statement agrees with the information.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a clear, direct match.
⭐ Key Learning Point: TRUE statements are often confirmed by the text using a general term (e.g., "music education") that encompasses the specific item in the question (e.g., "educate a musician").

📝 Question 10: Alexia Sloane lost her sight after attending a summer-school composition course.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "Dosoco recently awarded a grant to Alexia Sloane, a young composer with sight loss, to enable her to attend the sound-and-music summer-school composition course..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text says Alexia was a composer "with sight loss" before she attended the course (the grant was to enable her to attend). This contradicts the statement that she lost her sight after attending.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The trap lies in the sequence of events. Students might assume the chronological order of the sentence (grant $\rightarrow$ course $\rightarrow$ sight loss) without noting that the "sight loss" condition is introduced at the beginning as her existing status.
⭐ Key Learning Point: When chronology is implied, check the dependent clauses carefully to establish the correct sequence of events or pre-existing conditions.

📝 Question 11: Alexia now plays several instruments with the National Youth Orchestra of Great Britain.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "...Alexia has since gained a place as a composer with the National Youth Orchestra of Great Britain..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states she gained a place as a "composer," not as an instrumentalist who "plays several instruments." While a composer might play instruments, the text specifies her role as a composer, contradicting the question's focus on her role as a performer of instruments.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The general idea of a "musician" in an "orchestra" may lead students to assume she plays an instrument. The strict evidence only supports her role as a composer.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on the exact job title or role given in the text. Do not make assumptions based on general knowledge about music or orchestras.

📝 Question 12: Alexia has received an award for her work in music.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "...and has also been awarded the title of Young Composer of the Year."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Being "awarded the title of Young Composer of the Year" is a clear confirmation that Alexia has received an award for her work in music (composing).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a direct factual statement.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Recognize that a "title" or "honour" can function as an "award."

📝 Question 13: Applications can be made by filling in an online form.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Organisations, families and individuals can apply by completing a simple form."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text says applicants can apply by completing a "simple form." However, it does not specify whether this form is an online form (as the question claims) or a paper/downloadable form.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The text refers to a website later on ("For more information please visit..."), which might lead the student to assume the form is online. This is an unsupported assumption.
⭐ Key Learning Point: NOT GIVEN means a specific detail (e.g., online form) is missing, even if the general concept (completing a form) is present.

📝 Question 14: In some cases Dosoco will cover the full cost of the project.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Dosoco can contribute up to 50% towards project costs."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states that Dosoco can contribute "up to 50%" (half) of the costs. This means they will never cover the full cost (100%), which directly contradicts the statement.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The key phrase is "up to." Students must understand that "up to 50%" is a maximum and excludes the full cost.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Strict adherence to qualifying numerical phrases is essential. "Up to 50%" means $1\%$ to $50\%$, not $100\%$.

SECTION 2: Workplace Monitoring & IEC Application

Workplace Monitoring (Questions 15-21)

📝 Question 15: your letters and emails

🔹 Correct Answer: emails
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1. "...your letters may be opened and read. In addition, your employer may use an automated software programme to check the emails you receive at work."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The question lists "your letters and..." followed by a type of communication that can be checked. The text lists letters, and then "emails" as the next item that may be checked.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'letters' (already listed in the question) or 'phone calls'. The correct word is emails as it follows the logical and textual sequence.
⭐ Key Learning Point: In list-completion questions, ensure the chosen word follows the cohesion of the sentence in the text.

📝 Question 16: This states that employers must carry out a procedure that is known as impact assessment before introducing monitoring.

🔹 Correct Answer: impact assessment
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "Before deciding whether to introduce monitoring, your employer should identify any negative effects the monitoring may have on staff. This is called impact assessment."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text clearly defines the procedure as impact assessment and places it logically before the introduction of monitoring.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'negative effects'. The text asks for the name of the procedure, which is impact assessment.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for phrases like "This is called..." or "This refers to..." to identify a named procedure or concept.

📝 Question 17: you are using equipment intended for work

🔹 Correct Answer: equipment
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "...and the equipment being monitored is provided partly or wholly for work."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The question states the monitoring is legal if the item being monitored is intended for work. The text uses the word "equipment" to refer to this item.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'electronic communications' (too long/complex for the flow). The single, best word is equipment.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Match the context of the monitored object to the word used in the text.

📝 Question 18: to evaluate the quality of your work

🔹 Correct Answer: quality
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "...for example, listening in to phone calls to assess the quality of your work."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text uses the example of listening to calls to "assess the quality of your work." "Evaluate" is a synonym for "assess."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'standards' or 'facts'. The specific purpose related to the work itself is its quality.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Recognise synonyms (evaluate $\approx$ assess) to locate the correct word.

📝 Question 19: to stop or find out about crime

🔹 Correct Answer: crime
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "Monitoring is also allowed if its purpose is to prevent or detect crime."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The phrase "prevent or detect crime" directly supports the question's "to stop or find out about crime."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'purpose' or 'detect'. The subject of the action is crime.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The correct word is the one that fits both parts of the verb phrase ("stop or find out about").

📝 Question 20: to stop the possibility of computer viruses affecting systems

🔹 Correct Answer: computer viruses
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "...for example, to prevent computer viruses entering the system."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The question discusses stopping the possibility of something affecting systems. The text specifies this as preventing "computer viruses entering the system." The instruction allows for NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using only 'viruses' (less specific) or 'system'. Computer viruses is the most precise answer.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Always use the most descriptive word(s) available within the word limit.

📝 Question 21: to check calls to confidential helplines (these cannot be recorded)

🔹 Correct Answer: confidential helplines
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "Your employer is also allowed to listen in to any calls you make to confidential helplines..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The final point in the list covers checking calls made to "confidential helplines." The bracketed note about non-recording also acts as a confirmation of this location. The instruction allows for NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'calls' or 'record'. The question asks what kind of help-lines are monitored.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The structure of the note often helps to locate the final item in a list.

International Experience Canada Application (Questions 22-27)

📝 Question 22: Fill in the online questionnaire to get a personal reference code.

🔹 Correct Answer: questionnaire
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "To apply, first use our questionnaire to see if you meet the criteria... After completing this, if you are eligible you will be sent a personal reference code..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The flow-chart starts with the first step: using the "questionnaire" to determine eligibility, which leads to the reference code.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'code' or 'criteria'. The action is filling in the questionnaire.
⭐ Key Learning Point: In a flow-chart, the steps must follow the precise sequence of actions mentioned in the text.

📝 Question 23: Create your account and provide the necessary information for the profile in your application.

🔹 Correct Answer: account
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "...which you should use to create your online account. At the same time, you should fill in any remaining fields in your profile..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states the reference code is used to create the "online account," and the next step is filling in the profile. The word account is the correct fit for the structure.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'profile'. The question states you create the account and provide information for the profile.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Break down complex steps (create account $\rightarrow$ fill profile) into discrete actions for the flow-chart.

📝 Question 24: If sent an invitation, you must accept this within 10 days. You then have a limited time to complete the application.

🔹 Correct Answer: 10 days
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "...you will have 10 days to decide whether to accept this or not."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text clearly states the time limit for accepting the invitation is "10 days."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using '20 days'. The 20-day limit is for completing the application, not accepting the invitation.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Distinguish between different time limits given in a sequential process.

📝 Question 25: If sent an invitation, you must accept this within 10 days. You then have a limited time to complete the application.

🔹 Correct Answer: complete
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "If you accept, click the ‘Start Application’ button. You then have 20 days to complete your application."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Once the invitation is accepted, the next step is to "complete your application."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'start' (already done by clicking the button). The goal is to complete it within the remaining time.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay attention to the verb used to describe the action (e.g., 'fill in', 'create', 'accept', 'complete').

📝 Question 26: Your employer is required to send you an offer of employment number.

🔹 Correct Answer: employer
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "For International Co-op and Young Professionals categories, your employer in Canada must pay the compliance fee and inform you of your offer of employment number."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text specifies the source of the employment number is your "employer in Canada."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'number' or 'fee'. The question asks who is required to send the number.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the agent or responsible party for a specific action in the process.

📝 Question 27: Make the payment for participation online. You may receive a refund later if you change your mind.

🔹 Correct Answer: refund
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "You can apply to withdraw at this stage and will be given a refund if you do this within 56 days."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states you will be given a "refund" if you withdraw within the time limit.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'withdrawal' or 'payment'. The question asks what you receive.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Use the verb/noun relationship (receive $\rightarrow$ refund) to confirm the correct word choice.

SECTION 3: Agricultural Research in Africa

Research on Agricultural Yields (Questions 28-32 - Multiple Choice)

📝 Question 28: What is the main problem faced by cattle farmers in Ethiopia, according to Professor Wood?

🔹 Correct Answer: B. New breeds of cattle have led to an increase in TB.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "...new breeds that are being introduced are more vulnerable to bovine TB (tuberculosis) than the zebu cattle which were previously reared there."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Professor Wood explains that the "new breeds" being introduced are "more vulnerable to bovine TB," which is the central problem, leading to the increase and spread of the disease.
⚠️ Potential Traps: C is incorrect because the text states the new breeds are more vulnerable than the traditional zebu (not vice-versa). D is a consequence of the problem, not the problem itself.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Multiple-choice questions often test the distinction between a cause (new breeds $\rightarrow$ vulnerability) and an effect (spread of disease).

📝 Question 29: When discussing the cultivation of cabbages in Ghana, the writer says that this crop

🔹 Correct Answer: A. was introduced from outside Africa.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Cabbages are not indigenous to Africa but have become a major cash crop for Ghanaian farmers..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The phrase "not indigenous to Africa" is a direct paraphrase for "was introduced from outside Africa."
⚠️ Potential Traps: D is incorrect; the text says a good crop can bring in money to buy fertiliser and equipment, not that the crop requires them (though implied, A is explicitly stated).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Paraphrasing is key here: "not indigenous to" = "introduced from outside."

📝 Question 30: Fening believed that the new disease destroying cabbages was

🔹 Correct Answer: C. linked to insect attacks on these vegetables.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "Two years ago they started reporting that a new disease was attacking their crops. ‘It seemed to be associated with massive infestations of pink and green aphids,’ says Fening..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Fening believed the disease was "associated with massive infestations" of aphids (insects), confirming that he thought it was linked to insect attacks.
⚠️ Potential Traps: B is incorrect; he studies interactions with "many different vegetables," but the disease itself was on cabbages. The link to the insects (C) is his initial hypothesis.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the researcher's initial hypothesis or observation (what it "seemed to be associated with").

📝 Question 31: Fening first suspected that the cabbage disease was caused by a virus because

🔹 Correct Answer: D. aphids would not have caused so much damage to the crops.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "...he realised that the devastation couldn’t just be caused by sap-sucking insects [aphids]. Despite no previous reports of viral diseases... the symptoms suggested a viral pathogen."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Fening ruled out the aphids as the sole cause because they would not have caused "the devastation" (so much damage/total loss), leading him to suspect a viral pathogen.
⚠️ Potential Traps: A is incorrect; the symptoms suggested a virus, but the evidence was based on ruling out the severity of insect damage.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Trace the logical reasoning (Premise 1: Aphids are sap-sucking. Premise 2: Damage is total devastation. Conclusion: A virus must be involved.)

📝 Question 32: When doing further research in Cambridge, Fening and Carr discovered that

🔹 Correct Answer: A. the virus was unfamiliar to them.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 9. "What’s more, the virus was not what they expected, and work is now ongoing to identify the culprit."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The finding that the virus "was not what they expected" (not the 'usual suspects' like turnip mosaic virus mentioned in paragraph 8) means it was unfamiliar to them and required further identification.
⚠️ Potential Traps: B is incorrect; they found two species of aphids, not two different viruses. C is incorrect; they used DNA fingerprinting to identify the aphid species, not its complexity.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Carefully check which finding relates to the virus (A) and which relates to the aphids (B, D).

Researchers and Statements (Questions 33-36 - Matching Features)

📝 Question 33: A particular crop may make an important contribution to the local economy in one African country.

🔹 Correct Answer: B. Ken Fening
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4 (Ken Fening). "Cabbages are not indigenous to Africa but have become a major cash crop for Ghanaian farmers and an important source of income for traders..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Ken Fening's section discusses how cabbages are an "important source of income" (contribution to the economy) in Ghana.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Students might pick A (Wood) because he discusses livestock, but Fening explicitly details the economic impact of the crop.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for terms related to finance or livelihood (e.g., "cash crop," "source of income").

📝 Question 34: Tests will be carried out by local people in the country where the research is focused.

🔹 Correct Answer: D. Theresa Manful
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 14 (Theresa Manful). "I now have a fully functional lab and can do DNA extraction and analysis in Ghana... We are teaching students from five Ghanaian institutions the diagnostic methods."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Theresa Manful confirms she can now perform analysis in Ghana and is teaching Ghanaian students the diagnostic methods, which means local people will be carrying out tests.
⚠️ Potential Traps: A (Wood) discusses the team mix, but D explicitly states that testing and teaching are now happening locally by Ghanaian students.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Match the idea of knowledge transfer and local capacity building to the researcher who mentions it.

📝 Question 35: Different specialists must work together to ensure the success of a programme.

🔹 Correct Answer: A. James Wood
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3 (James Wood). "The programme brings together veterinary scientists, epidemiologists, geneticists, immunologists and social scientists... ‘We need this mix because we are not only asking how effective strategies will be...’"
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Professor Wood explicitly states the need for a "mix" of different specialists (veterinary scientists, social scientists, etc.) to ensure the strategies are accepted (success).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a direct statement in Wood's section.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for lists of different disciplines or professions in connection with a collaborative need.

📝 Question 36: One type of insect attacking plants in Ghana was previously unknown there.

🔹 Correct Answer: B. Ken Fening
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 8 (Ken Fening). "‘It turned out this was the first record of the green aphid species ever being seen in Ghana.’"
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Ken Fening's research discovered that the green aphid species was a "first record" in Ghana, meaning it was previously unknown there.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a direct finding reported in Fening's section.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for phrases indicating novelty or first-time recording (e.g., "first record," "new disease").

Trypanosomiasis Summary (Questions 37-40 - Summary Completion)

📝 Question 37: Trypanosomiasis is a disease caused by a parasite which is spread by an insect called the Tsetse Fly.

🔹 Correct Answer: Tsetse Fly
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 11. "The parasite that causes the disease is carried by the tsetse fly..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text directly names the insect that carries the parasite as the "tsetse fly." The instruction allows for two words.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Simple factual identification.

📝 Question 38: The parasite can remain unaffected by the host's immune system because it is able to change the...

🔹 Correct Answer: immune system
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 12. "...in particular the way it evades the immune system of the animal acting as its host..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states the parasite evades the host's "immune system," meaning it remains unaffected by it.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'host' or 'animal'. The system being evaded is the immune system.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the biological mechanism being discussed.

📝 Question 39: because it is able to change the proteins on its outer covering.

🔹 Correct Answer: proteins
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 12. "...by altering the proteins in its coat so as to remain ‘invisible’."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text specifies that the parasite alters the "proteins in its coat" (outer covering).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'coat' or 'covering'. The substance that is changed is the proteins.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The correct word specifies the material being altered.

📝 Question 40: It is uncommon among humans but has been found to affect most cattle in Ghana.

🔹 Correct Answer: cattle
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 13. "They discovered that nearly all were infected most of the time." (referring back to the previous sentence: "So Manful and Carrington set about testing cattle in Ghana.")
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Manful and Carrington tested "cattle in Ghana" and found that "nearly all were infected," which means it affects most cattle.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'animals'. The specific species tested and found to be widely infected was cattle.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Trace the antecedent noun (what "they" and "nearly all" refers to) in the preceding sentence.