تحلیل لیسنینگ آیلتس آکادمیک و جنرال کمبریج 17 - تست 3: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

مقدمه

مقدمه: بخش لیسنینگ، اولین و یکی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌ها در آزمون آیلتس است که نیازمند تمرکز بالا و درک شنیداری دقیق می‌باشد. در این مقاله، به تحلیل جامع تست ۳ لیسنینگ از کتاب آیلتس کمبریج ۱۷ (Cambridge IELTS 17) می‌پردازیم. هدف ما شکستن ساختار سوالات، شناسایی تله‌های رایج و ارائه استراتژی‌های کاربردی برای کمک به شما در مدیریت زمان و افزایش دقت پاسخ‌دهی است. این تست شامل چهار بخش با موضوعات و فرمت‌های متنوع سوال است. داوطلبان باید با انواع سوالات مانند Multiple Choice، Form Completion، Matching و Map Labelling آشنا باشند. با ما همراه باشید تا با بررسی جزء به جزء این تست، با اطمینان بیشتری به سراغ آزمون اصلی بروید. 

برای دیدن بقیه‌ی تحلیل‌ها به لینک زیر بروید:

Table of Contents

• Part 1: Questions 1-10 Analysis & Audio Script
• Part 2: Questions 11-20 Analysis & Audio Script
• Part 3: Questions 21-30 Analysis & Audio Script
• Part 4: Questions 31-40 Analysis & Audio Script

PART 1 Questions 1-10 + Audio Script

📝 Question 1: "Recommends surfing for 1 .... holidays in the summer"

🔹 Correct Answer: family

📍 Location in Audio Script: "I think it’s the kind of holiday all the family can enjoy together"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The word "family" directly fills the blank in the sentence, it is taken verbatim from the audio script.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The conversation includes information on different locations, but the question is explicitly asking about what kind of holiday is being recommended.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Listen for the exact words that fill the gap, but focus on the overall meaning of the sentence for context.

📝 Question 2: "Need to be quite 2 ...."

🔹 Correct Answer: fit

📍 Location in Audio Script: WOMAN: "But it’s quite physically demanding, isn’t it? I’ve heard you need to be pretty fit." JACK: "Yes. You’ll certainly learn more quickly and won’t tire as easily"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The woman asks if you need to be pretty fit, and Jack agrees you'll learn more quickly and won't tire as easily if you are, confirming you need to be "fit".

⚠️ Potential Traps: The word "demanding" might distract from the correct answer. While surfing is demanding, the word "fit" specifically answers what you need to be.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Listen for the confirmation or agreement to the question asked.

📝 Question 3: "Lahinch has some good quality 3 ...."

🔹 Correct Answer: hotels

📍 Location in Audio Script: "Yes – some very nice ones [referring to hotels] and there are also a few basic hostels and campsites"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Although "hostels and campsites" are mentioned, the question is asking about good quality options. "Hotels" (referred to as "very nice ones") is the good quality option given in the audio script.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Hostels and campsites are also mentioned, which might be misleading if you don't focus on the "good quality" part of the question.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay close attention to any adjectives used in the question (like "good quality"), as these usually guide the correct answer.

📝 Question 4: "Good surf school at 4 .... beach"

🔹 Correct Answer: Carrowniskey

📍 Location in Audio Script: "There’s a good surf school at Carrowniskey beach".

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The name of the beach, "Carrowniskey" directly fills the gap.

⚠️ Potential Traps: There are several locations mentioned, such as Lahinch, so ensure you listen carefully for the correct location linked to the surf school.

⭐ Key Learning Point: If a location, place or name is mentioned, be aware of the full correct name and its spelling if provided.

📝 Question 5: "Surf camp lasts for one 5 ...."

🔹 Correct Answer: week

📍 Location in Audio Script: "Three hours every day for a week"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "A week" is the duration given for the surf camp.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The "three hours every day" could be a distractor if you focus on that aspect instead of the overall duration.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Ensure you are extracting the correct answer by focusing on what is being asked; in this case, the total duration.

📝 Question 6: "Can also explore the local 6 .... by kayak"

🔹 Correct Answer: bay

📍 Location in Audio Script: "One thing we did while the kids were surfing was to rent some kayaks to have a look around the bay which is nearby"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The word "bay" fills the gap in the sentence.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Other places may be mentioned, but focus on where kayaking takes place.

⭐ Key Learning Point: The word "local" in the question is a synonym for "nearby" in the audio.

📝 Question 7: "Best month to go: 7 ...."

🔹 Correct Answer: September

📍 Location in Audio Script: "September’s my favourite month because the water is warmer then"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "September" is identified as the best month to go, directly filling the blank.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Other months (August) or seasons (spring, autumn) are mentioned, but "September" is specified as the speaker's favourite due to warmer water.

⭐ Key Learning Point: The word "favourite" can be considered a synonym of "best" in this context, especially when a reason is given.

📝 Question 8: "Average temperature in summer: approx. 8 .... degrees"

🔹 Correct Answer: 19

📍 Location in Audio Script: "The average temperature is about 19 degrees"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The number "19" directly fills the blank.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Another temperature is mentioned ("25 degrees" as a usual maximum), but the question is asking for the average, so make sure you are extracting the correct number.

⭐ Key Learning Point: When numbers are involved, note down all numbers mentioned, then pick the correct answer as required by the question (e.g., average vs. maximum).

📝 Question 9: "Wetsuit and surfboard: 9 ..... euros per day"

🔹 Correct Answer: 30

📍 Location in Audio Script: "You can expect to pay a daily rate of about 30 euros for the hire of a wetsuit and board"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The number "30" directly fills the blank, indicating the cost per day.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Another cost implication is mentioned (saving about 40 euros if you hire for a week), so pay attention to the "per day" specification in the question.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Carefully check what is being asked (e.g., daily rate vs. weekly rate), to avoid choosing the wrong number.

📝 Question 10: "Also advisable to hire 10 .... for warmth"

🔹 Correct Answer: boots

📍 Location in Audio Script: "And make sure you also get boots. They keep your feet warm"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The word "boots" directly fills the blank; they are what you get for warmth in the context of the audio.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Other equipment (wetsuit, board) is mentioned, but "boots" are specifically mentioned for warmth.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Stay focused on the specific reason for an item being mentioned in the audio (e.g., "for warmth").

WOMAN: Jack, I’m thinking of taking the kids to the seaside on a surfing holiday this summer and I wanted to ask your advice – as I know you’re such an expert.

JACK: Well, I don’t know about that, but yes, I’ve done a bit of surfing over the years. I’d thoroughly recommend it. I think it’s the kind of holiday all the family can enjoy together 📍Q1. The thing about surfing is that it’s great for all ages and all abilities. My youngest started when he was only three!

WOMAN: Wow! But it’s quite physically demanding, isn’t it? I’ve heard you need to be pretty fit. 📍Q2

JACK: Yes. You’ll certainly learn more quickly and won’t tire as easily.

WOMAN: Well – that should be OK for us. You’ve been surfing a few times in Ireland, haven’t you?

JACK: Yes. There’s some great surfing there, which people don’t always realise.

WOMAN: And which locations would you recommend? – there seem to be quite a few.

JACK: Yes, there are loads. Last year we went to County Donegal. There are several great places to surf there.

WOMAN: What about in County Clare? I read that’s also really good for surfing.

JACK: Yes, it is. I’ve been there a few times. Most people go to Lahinch. My kids love it there. The waves aren’t too challenging and the town is very lively.

WOMAN: Are there good hotels there? 📍Q3

JACK: Yes – some very nice ones and there are also a few basic hostels and campsites. It’s great if you need lessons as the surf schools are excellent.

WOMAN: Sounds good.

JACK: Yes and there’s lots to see in the area – like those well-known cliffs – … I’ve forgotten the name of them …

WOMAN: Oh don’t worry – I can look them up.

JACK: I’ve also been surfing in County Mayo, which is less well-known for surfing, but we had a really good time. That was a few years ago when the kids were younger. There’s a good surf school at Carrowniskey beach. 📍Q4

WOMAN: How do you spell that?

JACK: C-A-double R-O-W-N-I-S-K-E-Y

WOMAN: OK.

JACK: I put the kids into the surf camp they run during the summer for 10-16 year olds.

WOMAN: Oh right. How long was that for?

JACK: Three hours every day for a week 📍Q5. It was perfect – they were so tired out after that.

WOMAN: I can imagine.

JACK: One thing we did while the kids were surfing was to rent some kayaks to have a look around the bay which is nearby 📍Q6. It’s really beautiful.

WOMAN: Oh, I’d love to do that.

—————————-

WOMAN: Now the only time I went to Ireland it rained practically every day.

JACK: Mmm yes – that can be a problem – but you can surf in the rain, you know.

WOMAN: It doesn’t have the same appeal, somehow.

JACK: Well, the weather’s been fine the last couple of years when I’ve been there, but actually, it tends to rain more in August than in the spring or autumn. September’s my favourite month because the water is warmer then. 📍Q7

WOMAN: The only problem is that the kids are back to school then.

JACK: I know. But one good thing about Irish summers is that it doesn’t get too hot. The average temperature is about 19 degrees 📍Q8 and it usually doesn’t go above 25 degrees.

WOMAN: That sounds alright. Now what about costs?

JACK: Surfing is a pretty cheap holiday really – the only cost is the hire of equipment. You can expect to pay a daily rate of about 30 euros for the hire of a wetsuit and board 📍Q9 – but you can save about 40 euros if you hire by the week.

WOMAN: That’s not too bad.

JACK: No. It’s important to make sure you get good quality wetsuits – you’ll all get too cold if you don’t. And make sure you also get boots. They keep your feet warm and it’s easier to surf with them on too. 📍Q10

WOMAN: OK. Well, thanks very much …

PART 2 Questions 11-20 + Audio Script

📝 Question 11 & 12: "Which TWO facts are given about the school’s extended hours childcare service?"

🔹 Correct Answers: B More children attend after school than before school., E The maximum number of children who can attend is 70.

📍 Location in Audio Script: "I think we generally expect around 50-60 children for the afternoon sessions and about half that number for the breakfast sessions" and "We are insured to provide care for up to 70 children"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Option B is correct because more children attend in the afternoon (50-60) compared to the morning (half of that number). Option E is correct because the service is insured for up to 70 children.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Option A is incorrect because the service has been running for 10 years (not 20). Option C is incorrect because only half the average number of children attend in the morning (not more). Option D is incorrect as there is no information provided on whether a child can attend both sessions simultaneously or on the same day without restriction.

⭐ Key Learning Point: For multiple choice questions with multiple answers, make sure to check all options carefully against the audio to avoid being distracted by partially correct or incorrect information.

📝 Question 13: "How much does childcare cost for a complete afternoon session per child?"

🔹 Correct Answer: C (£7.20)

📍 Location in Audio Script: "For the afternoon sessions, which run from 3.30 until 6 p.m., it’s £7.20"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The cost of £7.20 is stated for the full afternoon session.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The audio also mentions the cost for one hour (£3.50) and two hours (£5.70), which are incorrect answers if you do not listen carefully to the question asking for a complete afternoon session.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Read all multiple choice options before choosing an answer, and pay careful attention to the specifics of the question (e.g., "complete afternoon session").

📝 Question 14: "What does the manager say about food?"

🔹 Correct Answer: C (Children are given a proper meal at 5 p.m.)

📍 Location in Audio Script: "At 5 p.m. children are given something more substantial, such as pasta or a casserole"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The phrase "something more substantial" means "a proper meal."

⚠️ Potential Traps: Option A is incorrect; while children with allergies are accommodated for, the general statement is not that they bring their own food. Option B is incorrect as the audio does not mention that children are allowed to bring their own healthy snacks, only that healthy snacks are provided.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on synonyms or paraphrased meaning that can help you make the right choice. "Something more substantial" strongly implies a meal rather than just a snack.

📝 Question 15: "What is different about arrangements in the school holidays?"

🔹 Correct Answer: A (Children from other schools can attend.)

📍 Location in Audio Script: "It will also feel different because they’ll get the chance to make new friends with children from other schools – spaces are available for them"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The audio states that children from other schools can attend during the holidays ("spaces are available for them"), which is different from term time implicitly.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Option B is incorrect, as children over the age of 11 are not allowed to attend. Option C is incorrect because the reason given for children from other schools attending is availability of space due to regular attendees not always being there, not an increased number of staff.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the key differences explicitly stated between the holiday arrangements and the term-time arrangements.

📝 Question 16: "Spanish"

🔹 Correct Answer: E (involves an additional fee)

📍 Location in Audio Script: "This is the only activity which we have to make an extra charge for"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states that Spanish is the only activity with an extra charge.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Other activities are mentioned that are free, but the question is specifically about Spanish.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Understand and identify the correct words which mean 'extra charge' or 'additional fee'.

📝 Question 17: "Music"

🔹 Correct Answer: D (requires help from parents)

📍 Location in Audio Script: "We do rely on parental support for this, so if any of you sing or play an instrument and would be prepared to help out at these sessions, we’d be delighted."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text directly states the music activity requires parental support.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Other aspects of music are discussed such as it being taught by a member of a folk band, however this does not provide an answer to what is required for the activity to run.

⭐ Key Learning Point: When a question contains "requires" be sure to listen for that element to be specifically described as a necessity or reliance.

📝 Question 18: "Painting"

🔹 Correct Answer: G (was requested by children)

📍 Location in Audio Script: "but children kept asking if they could do some art and so we finally gave in"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text shows that painting was introduced because children kept asking to do it.

⚠️ Potential Traps: It may seem that the art activity has an additional cost or requires parent support from context of other activities, but that is not what the text states for painting.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay attention to the reasons behind the introduction of an activity, especially if it's due to demand.

📝 Question 19: "Yoga"

🔹 Correct Answer: F (is a new activity)

📍 Location in Audio Script: "Yoga is something that we’ve been meaning to introduce for some time but haven’t been able to find anyone available to teach it – until now that is"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text indicates that yoga is a newly introduced activity ("until now that is").

⚠️ Potential Traps: The text includes "we’ve been meaning to introduce for some time" but the main message is that it's new with "until now that is".

⭐ Key Learning Point: Be aware of words like "finally" and "new" or phrases like "until now" that mean the activity is recent or newly started.

📝 Question 20: "Cooking"

🔹 Correct Answer: C (is for over 8s only)

📍 Location in Audio Script: "we’ve decided to restrict this to the over 8s, as they are better able to clean up after themselves"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text explicitly states that cooking is limited to children over 8 years old.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Cooking is said to be popular and messy, but this does not provide an answer to an age restriction.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on the age restrictions or any other limitations placed on an activity.

Good afternoon. My name’s Mrs Carter and I run the before and after school extended hours childcare service. I hope you’ve had a chance to have a good look around the school and talk to staff and pupils. I know that many of you are interested in using our childcare service when your child joins the school, and perhaps you already know something about it, but for those that don’t, I’ll go through the main details now.

We offer childcare for children from the ages of four to eleven both before and after school. I know that many parents who work find this service invaluable. You can leave your child with us safe in the knowledge that they will be extremely well cared for.

We are insured to provide care for up to 70 children 📍Q11/12, although we rarely have this many attending at any one session. I think we generally expect around 50-60 children for the afternoon sessions and about half that number for the breakfast sessions 📍Q11/12. Although we currently do have 70 children registered with us, not all of these attend every day. It’s ten years since we began offering an extended hours service and we’ve come a long way during that time. When we first opened, we only had about 20 children attending regularly.

We try to keep our costs as low as we can and we think we provide very good value for money. For the afternoon sessions, which run from 3.30 until 6 p.m., it’s £7.20 📍Q13. But if you prefer, you can pay for one hour only, which costs £3.50, or two hours which costs £5.70.

The cost of the childcare includes food and snacks. They’ll be given breakfast in the morning and in the afternoon, a healthy snack as soon as they finish school. At 5 p.m. children are given something more substantial, such as pasta or a casserole 📍Q14. Please inform us of any allergies that your child might have and we’ll make sure they’re offered a suitable alternative.

As you may know, the childcare service runs through the school holidays from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. We offer a really varied and exciting programme to keep the children entertained – we don’t want them to feel as if they are still at school! It will also feel different because they’ll get the chance to make new friends with children from other schools – spaces are available for them 📍Q15 because a lot of our term-time children don’t always attend during the holiday. In the past, parents have asked if children over the age of 11 are allowed to come with their younger brothers and sisters – but I’m afraid we’re unable to do this because of the type of insurance we have.

————————

So now let me tell you about some of the activities that your child can do during the after-school sessions. As well as being able to use the playground equipment, computers and the library, there is usually at least one ‘special’ activity that children can do each day. For example, Spanish. We have a specialist teacher coming in every Thursday to give a basic introduction to the language through games and songs. She does two sessions: one for the over 8s and one for the younger children. This is the only activity which we have to make an extra charge for 📍Q16 – but it’s well worth it.

Once a week the children have the opportunity to do some music. We’re very lucky that one of our staff is a member of a folk band. On Mondays, she teaches singing and percussion to groups of children. We do rely on parental support for this 📍Q17, so if any of you sing or play an instrument and would be prepared to help out at these sessions, we’d be delighted.

Painting continues to be one of the most popular activities. To begin with we weren’t keen on offering this because of the extra mess involved, but children kept asking if they could do some art 📍Q18 and so we finally gave in. Art is great for helping the children to relax after working hard at school all day.

Yoga is something that we’ve been meaning to introduce for some time but haven’t been able to find anyone available to teach it – until now that is 📍Q19. So we’ll see how this goes. Hopefully, children will benefit in all sorts of ways from this.

Cooking is another popular activity. They make a different sort of cake, or pizza or bread each week. Although the younger children love doing it, we found that the mess was just too much, so we’ve decided to restrict this to the over 8s 📍Q20, as they are better able to clean up after themselves.

PART 3 Questions 21-30 + Audio Script

📝 Question 21: "Holly has chosen the Orion Stadium placement because"

🔹 Correct Answer: B (it is outdoors)

📍 Location in Audio Script: "I know, but it’s the fresh air that attracts me – organising something indoors doesn’t have the same appeal"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The phrase "fresh air" directly implies that the location is outdoors, which is stated as the attractive feature for Holly.

⚠️ Potential Traps: While Holly is also working with children, the specific reason she states for her attraction to this placement is the "fresh air."

⭐ Key Learning Point: Consider how different keywords or phrases (like "fresh air" for "outdoors") can be used to support an answer. Listen for the primary motivation stated.

📝 Question 22: "Which aspect of safety does Dr Green emphasise most?"

🔹 Correct Answer: A (ensuring children stay in the stadium)

📍 Location in Audio Script: "your main priority will be not to lose anyone!" and "that’ll include keeping everyone within the boundary"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Keeping everyone "within the boundary" means ensuring children stay in the stadium, and this is stated as the "main priority" ("not to lose anyone").

⚠️ Potential Traps: While checking equipment and areas are mentioned as safety tasks, "not losing anyone" (i.e., keeping them in the stadium) is highlighted as the main priority.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on the speaker's main concern or highest priority when more than one element related to a topic (like safety) is discussed.

📝 Question 23: "What does Dr Green say about the spectators?"

🔹 Correct Answer: A (They can be hard to manage.)

📍 Location in Audio Script: "And that’s not always easy, especially when a proud parent’s trying to get a snap of their child and you want them to move elsewhere"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The phrase "that’s not always easy" when referring to managing parents trying to take photos implies that the spectators (parents) can be difficult to manage.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Dr Green suggests that parents will be more interested in filming than volunteering and that spectators should not interfere with events, but the difficulty in managing them ("not always easy") is the key to this specific answer option.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on the underlying meaning or implication of a statement, especially when it describes a challenge or difficulty.

📝 Question 24: "What has affected the schedule in the past?"

🔹 Correct Answer: B (an injury)

📍 Location in Audio Script: HOLLY: "Yeah, and I was thinking about what to do if someone got hurt as well. I know that last year that caused a terrible delay."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text explains that an injury ("someone got hurt") caused a delay in the past ("last year").

⚠️ Potential Traps: While rain is mentioned, this is presented as a potential future problem, not something that has affected the schedule in the past according to this exchange.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Be sure to correctly differentiate what happened in the past (often signaled by words like "last year" or past tense verbs) and what is a potential future risk.

📝 Question 25: "Communication"

🔹 Correct Answer: C (having a smart appearance)

📍 Location in Audio Script: TUTOR: "If you meet someone face-to-face and want to persuade them to be a sponsor, for example …" HOLLY: "Oh, I’ll dress up for that!"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The audio explains that you need to "dress up" (have a smart appearance) when meeting someone in person for persuasive communication (like getting a sponsor).

⚠️ Potential Traps: Holly believes her general communication skills are pretty good already, which could mislead the candidate if they don't focus on the specific advice about appearance for face-to-face persuasive encounters.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on specific advice given related to the skill, rather than general comments or self-assessments by the student.

📝 Question 26: "Organisation"

🔹 Correct Answer: A (being flexible)

📍 Location in Audio Script: HOLLY: "I guess it’s being prepared to make changes that matters"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The ability to be flexible is linked to "being prepared to make changes" when something does not go to plan, which is key for organisation in a dynamic environment.

⚠️ Potential Traps: There is nothing to suggest that other qualities listed in the options are the primary focus for organisation in this context.

⭐ Key Learning Point: A useful strategy is to consider different ways of describing a skill; "being prepared to make changes" is a clear indicator of flexibility.

📝 Question 27: "Time Management"

🔹 Correct Answer: D (hiding your emotions)

📍 Location in Audio Script: HOLLY: "I know I’ve got to look calm even if I’m in a panic." TUTOR: "Just think to yourself – no one must know I’m under pressure."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The importance of appearing calm ("look calm") even when under pressure ("in a panic", "under pressure") relates to hiding your emotions in the context of time management stress.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Holly thinks she is better with time management with deadlines generally, but the specific advice given here is about managing the appearance of stress.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on specific advice or strategies discussed for managing aspects of a skill, rather than general statements of proficiency.

📝 Question 28: "Creativity"

🔹 Correct Answer: B (focusing on details)

📍 Location in Audio Script: "it’s up to the events manager to think of all the fine points that go to making it work"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The phrase "think of all the fine points" means focusing on details, which is presented as a crucial part of creativity for an events manager.

⚠️ Potential Traps: There is no direct mention of the other listed characteristics (e.g., new ideas from scratch, copying others) when discussing creativity in this specific context.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Understand that idiomatic phrases like "fine points" mean "details".

📝 Question 29: "Leadership"

🔹 Correct Answer: F (trusting your own views)

📍 Location in Audio Script: "So, believe in what you think best"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "Believe in what you think best" is the same as trusting your own views, which is highlighted as important for leadership.

⚠️ Potential Traps: It is tempting to consider a democratic approach (Holly asks "Isn't it better to be democratic?"), but the tutor explains why it is better to trust your own views due to ultimate responsibility.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Be aware that an answer might involve a correction or a more emphasized point by the tutor, sometimes contrasting with a student's initial idea.

📝 Question 30: "Networking"

🔹 Correct Answer: H (thinking of the future)

📍 Location in Audio Script: "think ahead – remember what your ambitions are and keep them in mind."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "Think ahead" and "remember what your ambitions are" clearly means thinking of the future in the context of networking for career progression.

⚠️ Potential Traps: There is no mention of other factors like specific numbers of contacts or immediate job offers when talking about the benefit of networking here.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Link phrases like "ambitions" and "thinking ahead" to the broader concept of "thinking of the future."

HOLLY: Hello Dr Green – I’m here to talk to you about my work placement.

TUTOR: Oh yes, it’s Holly, isn’t it?

HOLLY: Yes.

TUTOR: So, which work placement have you chosen?

HOLLY: I decided to go for the Orion Stadium placement. The event I’ll be managing is one where I’m helping to set up a sports competition for primary school children.

TUTOR: Yup. That’s always a popular placement – even though it can be tougher than you think working with children.

HOLLY: I know, but it’s the fresh air that attracts me – organising something indoors doesn’t have the same appeal 📍Q21, even though it might be fun.

TUTOR: OK, so obviously safety’s going to be one of your key concerns for this event.

HOLLY: Yes, I’ve already thought about that. I’ll need to make sure none of the equipment’s damaged.

TUTOR: Ah well, you’ll be working with schools, so the equipment will be their responsibility. However, the grounds and what goes on there will be yours.

HOLLY: Oh I see – that’ll include keeping everyone within the boundary 📍Q22 once they’re in their kit and on the field?

TUTOR: Exactly – you’ll need to inspect areas like changing rooms as well for anything someone can trip over, but your main priority will be not to lose anyone! 📍Q22

HOLLY: Right. I’ll need staff to help with that.

TUTOR: And don’t forget about the spectators.

HOLLY: Mmm. I was thinking that many of them will be parents, who could help run the event.

TUTOR: I wouldn’t rely on that. They’ll be more interested in filming their children than volunteering.

HOLLY: I’ll need to make sure they don’t interfere with events doing that!

TUTOR: And that’s not always easy, especially when a proud parent’s trying to get a snap of their child and you want them to move elsewhere. 📍Q23

HOLLY: OK. What about the scheduling?

TUTOR: With sporting events there are all sorts of things that can alter the timetable – like rain, for instance – though so far, we’ve always been lucky with that.

HOLLY: Yeah, and I was thinking about what to do if someone got hurt as well. I know that last year that caused a terrible delay. 📍Q24

TUTOR: You have to be prepared for such things.

HOLLY: Oh. What if a match ends in a draw – do you let the teams keep going until someone wins?

TUTOR: That’ll be up to you – and again, you need to plan for it.

HOLLY: Right.

—————————

TUTOR: Now, the aim of your work placement is to give you the opportunity to develop the skills that an events manager needs. So, let’s talk about those a bit.

HOLLY: Well, I think my communication skills are pretty good. I can talk on the phone to people and book venues and that kind of thing.

TUTOR: Good – just remember it isn’t only about what you say. If you meet someone face-to-face and want to persuade them to be a sponsor, for example …

HOLLY: Oh, I’ll dress up for that! 📍Q25 Sure.

TUTOR: Good. Let’s go on to think about your organisational skills. You’re working in a very people-based industry and that means things won’t always go to plan.

HOLLY: I guess it’s being prepared to make changes that matters. 📍Q26

TUTOR: That’s right. You may have to make an on-the-spot change to a timetable because of a problem you hadn’t anticipated …

HOLLY: … just do it! OK

TUTOR: How’s your time management these days?

HOLLY: I’m working on it – I’m certainly better when I have a deadline, which is why this work suits me.

TUTOR: Yes, but it’s how you respond as that deadline approaches!

HOLLY: I know I’ve got to look calm even if I’m in a panic. 📍Q27

TUTOR: Just think to yourself – no one must know I’m under pressure. 📍Q27

HOLLY: Yeah – even though I’m multi-tasking like crazy!

TUTOR: Another skill that events managers need is creativity. Often your client has what we call the ‘big picture’ idea, but it’s up to the events manager to think of all the fine points that go to making it work. 📍Q28

HOLLY: Right, so I need to listen carefully to that idea and then fill in all the gaps.

TUTOR: That’s right. And you’ll have a team working under you, so another key skill is leadership. Your team may have lots of ideas too, but you’ve got to make the ultimate choices. Do we have refreshments inside or out, for example?

HOLLY: Isn’t it better to be democratic?

TUTOR: It’s a nice idea, but you have the ultimate responsibility. So, believe in what you think best 📍Q29. Be prepared to say ‘yes’, that’s a good idea but it won’t work here.

HOLLY: I see what you mean. What about the networking side of things? I know it’s an area that a lot of students worry about because we don’t have much experience to offer others.

TUTOR: But even without it – you can still be an interesting person with useful ideas. And the more people you impress, the better.

HOLLY: I guess that will help me when I apply for a real job.

TUTOR: Exactly – think ahead – remember what your ambitions are and keep them in mind. 📍Q30

HOLLY: Definitely.

PART 4 Questions 31-40 + Audio Script

📝 Question 31: "It was believed that birds hibernated underwater or buried themselves in 31 ...."

🔹 Correct Answer: mud

📍 Location in Audio Script: "Another theory for the regular appearance and disappearance of birds was that they spend winter hidden in mud"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The word "mud" directly fills the gap, indicating where birds were thought to hide.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Other locations (underwater, seas, oceans) are mentioned in relation to hibernation, but "mud" is specifically linked to "buried themselves" or "hidden in."

⭐ Key Learning Point: Be sure to extract the correct noun based on the verb in the question (e.g., "buried themselves in X").

📝 Question 32: "In autumn he observed that redstarts experience the loss of 32...."

🔹 Correct Answer: feathers

📍 Location in Audio Script: "He observed that in the autumn, small birds called ‘redstarts’ began to lose their feathers"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The word "feathers" directly fills the blank, specifying what redstarts lose.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The question includes "autumn" so if you are not focused on the key words about what is lost, you might be distracted by other seasonal details.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Be aware of how the correct answers are linked to specific observations and details mentioned for a particular time or species.

📝 Question 33: "Aristotle’s assumptions were logical because the two species of birds had a similar 33 ...."

🔹 Correct Answer: shape

📍 Location in Audio Script: "These assumptions are understandable given that this pair of species are similar in shape"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The word "shape" fills the gap directly from the text, explaining the basis for Aristotle's assumption.

⚠️ Potential Traps: The question refers to the logic of his assumptions, which might mislead you if you don't pinpoint the exact reason for the similarity.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Make sure you extract the exact words linked to the reason for a conclusion or assumption stated in the audio.

📝 Question 34: "Charles Morton popularised the idea that birds fly to the 34 .... in winter."

🔹 Correct Answer: moon

📍 Location in Audio Script: "He wrote a surprisingly well-regarded paper claiming that birds migrate to the moon and back every year"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The word "moon" directly fills the gap as the destination proposed by Charles Morton.

⚠️ Potential Traps: There are other destinations mentioned in other contexts, but "moon" is the only destination Charles Morton proposed for bird migration.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay attention to names of individuals and the specific theories or ideas they are associated with.

📝 Question 35: "In 1822, a stork was killed in Germany which had an African spear in its 35 ...."

🔹 Correct Answer: neck

📍 Location in Audio Script: "This particular stork made history because of the long spear in its neck"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The word "neck" fills the blank directly from the text, specifying the location of the spear.

⚠️ Potential Traps: There are different parts of the body mentioned in other contexts or questions, so be focused on what the spear was embedded in for this specific event.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Be sure to identify specific locations on the body when described.

📝 Question 36: "previously there had been no 36 .... that storks migrate to Africa"

🔹 Correct Answer: evidence

📍 Location in Audio Script: "This was a truly defining moment in the history of ornithology because it was the first evidence that storks spend their winters in sub-Saharan Africa"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The word "evidence" fills the gap, highlighting what this discovery provided.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Other events happened, but this question specifically asks about what was lacking or first provided regarding the migration knowledge.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on what the event proved, or was evidence of, especially if it marks a "first" or a "defining moment."

📝 Question 37: "Little was known about the 37 .... and journeys of migrating birds until the practice of ringing was established."

🔹 Correct Answer: destinations

📍 Location in Audio Script: "Before this, very little information was available about the actual destinations of particular species and how they travelled there"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The word "destinations" fills the gap, specifying what was unknown along with their journeys.

⚠️ Potential Traps: There is talk about journeys of birds, but "destinations" is explicitly what little was known about.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay close attention to specific words that indicate the lack of knowledge or information available on a topic.

📝 Question 38: "It was thought large birds carried small birds on some journeys because they were considered incapable of travelling across huge 38 ...."

🔹 Correct Answer: oceans

📍 Location in Audio Script: "This idea came about because it seemed impossible that small birds weighing only a few grams could fly over vast oceans"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The word "oceans" directly fills the gap, specifying the type of vast expanse.

⚠️ Potential Traps: There are other options relating to the distance birds travel, but the idea of crossing "vast oceans" specifically links to the theory of smaller birds being carried.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Listen for how a conclusion or theory is supported or explained, often with specific examples or perceived impossibilities.

📝 Question 39: "Ringing depended on what is called the 39 .... ‘.’ of dead birds."

🔹 Correct Answer: recovery

📍 Location in Audio Script: "This is still common practice today and relies upon what is known as ‘recovery’ – this is when ringed birds are found dead in the place they have migrated to, and identified."

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The word "recovery" fills the gap, as it is the term used for finding dead, ringed birds.

⚠️ Potential Traps: Other aspects of bird ringing are mentioned, but "recovery" specifically relates to finding dead birds for identification.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on specialized terms used when discussing activities or processes, especially when defined in the audio.

📝 Question 40: "In 1931, the first 40 .... to show the migration of European birds was printed."

🔹 Correct Answer: atlas

📍 Location in Audio Script: "In 1931, an atlas was published showing where the most common species of European birds migrated to"

🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The word "atlas" directly fills the gap as the type of publication.

⚠️ Potential Traps: There are other things mentioned, but the question asks what specifically showed bird migration in 1931 and was printed.

⭐ Key Learning Point: Carefully consider the type of item or publication the question is asking for to extract the correct answer.

Scientists believe that a majority of the earth’s bird population migrate in some fashion or other. Some travel seasonally for relatively short distances, such as birds that move from their winter habitats in lowlands to mountain tops for the summers. Others, like the Arctic Tern, travel more than 25,000 miles seasonally between the northern and southern poles. Bird migration has been studied over many centuries through a variety of observations.

But until relatively recently, where birds went to in the winter was considered something of a mystery. The lack of modern science and technology led to many theories that we now recognize as error-filled and even somewhat amusing. Take hibernation theory for example – two thousand years ago, it was commonly believed that when birds left an area, they went underwater to hibernate in the seas and oceans. Another theory for the regular appearance and disappearance of birds was that they spend winter hidden in mud 📍Q31 till the weather changed and food became abundant again. The theory that some birds hibernate persisted until experiments were done on caged birds in the 1940s which demonstrated that birds have no hibernation instinct.

One of the earliest naturalists and philosophers from ancient Greece was Aristotle who was the first writer to discuss the disappearance and reappearance of some bird species at certain times of year. He developed the theory of transmutation, the seasonal change of one species into another, by observing redstarts and robins. He observed that in the autumn, small birds called ‘redstarts’ began to lose their feathers 📍Q32, which convinced Aristotle that they changed into robins for the winter, and back into redstarts in the summer. These assumptions are understandable given that this pair of species are similar in shape 📍Q33, but are a classic example of an incorrect interpretation based on correct observations.

The most bizarre theory was put forward by an English amateur scientist, Charles Morton, in the seventeenth century. He wrote a surprisingly well-regarded paper claiming that birds migrate to the moon and back every year 📍Q34. He came to this conclusion as the only logical explanation for the total disappearance of some species.

———————————

One of the key moments in the development of migration theory came in 1822 when a white stork was shot in Germany. This particular stork made history because of the long spear in its neck 📍Q35 which incredibly had not killed it – everyone immediately realised this spear was definitely not European. It turned out to be a spear from a tribe in Central Africa. This was a truly defining moment in the history of ornithology because it was the first evidence that storks spend their winters in sub-Saharan Africa 📍Q36. You can still see the ‘arrow stork’ in the Zoological Collection of the University of Rostock in Germany.

People gradually became aware that European birds moved south in autumn and north in summer but didn’t know much about it until the practice of catching birds and putting rings on their legs became established. Before this, very little information was available about the actual destinations of particular species 📍Q37 and how they travelled there. People speculated that larger birds provided a kind of taxi service for smaller birds by carrying them on their backs. This idea came about because it seemed impossible that small birds weighing only a few grams could fly over vast oceans 📍Q38. This idea was supported by observations of bird behaviour such as the harassment of larger birds by smaller birds.

The development of bird ringing, by a Danish schoolteacher, Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen, made many discoveries possible. This is still common practice today and relies upon what is known as ‘recovery’ 📍Q39 – this is when ringed birds are found dead in the place they have migrated to, and identified. Huge amounts of data were gathered in the early part of the twentieth century and for the first time in history people understood where birds actually went to in winter. In 1931, an atlas was published showing where the most common species of European birds migrated to 📍Q40. More recent theories about bird migration …