تحلیل ریدینگ آیلتس آکادمیک کمبریج 17 - تست 4: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

مقدمه: 

بخش ریدینگ آیلتس آکادمیک یکی از مهارت‌های حیاتی در آزمون آیلتس است که نیازمند درک سریع و دقیق متون علمی، مدیریت زمان و تسلط بر انواع سوالات می‌باشد. در این مقاله، تحلیل تست ۴ ریدینگ از کتاب آیلتس کمبریج ۱۷ (Cambridge IELTS 17) را ارائه می‌دهیم. هدف ما بررسی ساختار متن‌ها، استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی و نکات کلیدی برای کمک به داوطلبان در کسب نمره بهتر در این بخش است. این تست شامل سه متن آکادمیک است که به ترتیب سطح دشواری آن‌ها افزایش می‌یابد. داوطلبان باید با انواع سوالات مانند True/False/Not Given، Matching Headings، Multiple Choice و Summary Completion آشنا باشند و استراتژی‌های مناسبی برای هر نوع سوال اتخاذ کنند. در این مقاله، به بررسی نکات کلیدی متن‌ها، تحلیل دقیق سوالات، شناسایی اشتباهات رایج و ارائه روش‌های بهینه برای بهبود سرعت و دقت در پاسخ‌دهی خواهیم پرداخت. با مطالعه این راهنما، می‌توانید نقاط ضعف خود را تقویت کرده و عملکرد بهتری در بخش ریدینگ آیلتس داشته باشید. 

برای دیدن بقیه‌ی تحلیل‌ها به لینک زیر بروید:

پالت ناوبری سوالات

QUESTIONS 1-6 (Passage 1: Madagascar's Insectivorous Bats)

📝 Question 1:

Many Madagascan forests are being destroyed by attacks from insects.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text clarifies that insects destroy crops, which leads farmers to clear forests for new paddy fields. The forests are destroyed by human action (clearing), not directly by insect attacks. This makes the statement factually incorrect.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing the *cause* of the deforestation (the need for new land due to pests) with the *mechanism* of forest destruction (direct insect attack).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay close attention to the agent of the action. The destruction is a secondary result of the pest problem.

📝 Question 2:

Loss of habitat has badly affected insectivorous bats in Madagascar.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraphs 1 & 3
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Paragraph 1 states "not all species are suffering. In fact, some of the island’s insectivorous bats are currently thriving." Paragraph 3 confirms these bats "are taking advantage of habitat modification to hunt insects." This directly contradicts the claim of being "badly affected."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Assuming "habitat loss" is bad for *all* species, as is generally the case. The text provides a clear exception.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for contrasting phrases like "not all species are suffering" to identify exceptions to general ecological principles.

📝 Question 3:

Ricardo Rocha has carried out studies of bats in different parts of the world.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Not stated in the text.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage focuses exclusively on Rocha's work in Madagascar. While he may have studied bats elsewhere, the text does not provide any information to confirm or deny that.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Assuming a prominent scientist must work globally.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The scope of the individual's research is a specific detail that must be explicitly mentioned.

📝 Question 4:

Habitat modification has resulted in indigenous bats in Madagascar becoming useful to farmers.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Rocha says, "These winner species are providing a valuable free service to Madagascar as biological pest suppressors." This "free service" of pest control makes the bats "useful to farmers" as a direct result of their adaptation to the modified rice fields (habitat modification).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The logic of "pest suppressor" = "useful to farmers" is sound and directly supported.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the words "valuable free service" or similar economic/agricultural benefits.

📝 Question 5:

The Malagasy mouse-eared bat is more common than other indigenous bat species in Madagascar.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Not stated in the text.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text mentions the Malagasy mouse-eared bat as one of the species feeding on pests. However, there is no comparative data or statement regarding its population size relative to other indigenous bat species.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Seeing a bat name and assuming a comparison is being made.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Comparative claims (e.g., "more common than") require an explicit comparison or statistics, which are missing here.

📝 Question 6:

Bats may feed on paddy swarming caterpillars and grass webworms.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Rocha states, "We found that six species of bat are preying on rice pests, including the paddy swarming caterpillar and grass webworm." "Preying on" means feeding on.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a direct factual statement.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The key phrase "preying on... including" confirms the two listed insects are part of the diet.

QUESTIONS 7-13 (Passage 1: Madagascar's Insectivorous Bats)

📝 Question 7:

Researchers used DNA analysis of the bats’ 7.... to identify what they had eaten.

🔹 Correct Answer: Droppings
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage describes the method: "The next used DNA barcoding techniques to analyze droppings collected from bats at the different sites." Droppings are the material analyzed.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "DNA barcoding" (the technique) or "different sites" (the location). The question asks for the material.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the noun that is collected and analyzed in the methodology section.

📝 Question 8:

The black twig borer, which is a pest of the 8.... plant, is also consumed by the bats.

🔹 Correct Answer: Coffee
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text lists other pests consumed: "including the black twig borer (which infests coffee plants)..."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "black twig borer" (the insect) or other crops like "sugarcane," "macadamia nut," or "citrus fruits." The question specifically asks for the plant infested by the black twig borer.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The answer must be the crop that is paired with the "black twig borer."

📝 Question 9:

In addition to pests, the bats also feed on 9...., which are carriers of malaria and other diseases.

🔹 Correct Answer: Mosquitoes
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text notes the bats feed on "mosquitoes – carriers of malaria, Rift Valley fever virus and elephantiasis – as well as blackflies..."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "blackflies" or the diseases, not the insect that carries malaria.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The answer is the insect that is directly followed by the diseases listed ("carriers of malaria").

📝 Question 10:

When food is scarce, bats can provide a crucial source of 10.... for local communities.

🔹 Correct Answer: Protein
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: In describing local attitudes, the text mentions: "When food is scarce, bats become a crucial source of protein for local people."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "food" or "meat." The specific nutrient/food group is required.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "crucial source of" points to the nutritional component provided.

📝 Question 11:

Bats are unwelcome in buildings because they make them 11....

🔹 Correct Answer: Unclean
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text explains they are "not welcomed there because they make them unclean."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using a synonym for "unclean" that is not in the text.
⭐ Key Learning Point: This is a direct fill-in-the-blank question, requiring the exact adjective used.

📝 Question 12:

Some people view bats as significant in the local 12.... because of their association with ancestors and sacred caves.

🔹 Correct Answer: Culture
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text concludes the sentence by saying the bats are significant "in the culture of the people." The mention of sacred caves and ancestors points to cultural or religious significance.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "religion" or "beliefs." The word "culture" is used in the text.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The combination of "ancestors" and "sacred caves" strongly indicates the answer is related to culture.

📝 Question 13:

Rocha recommends that farmers should encourage the bats by installing bat 13....

🔹 Correct Answer: Houses
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7 (Final sentence)
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states: "With the right help, we hope that farmers can promote this mutually beneficial relationship by installing bat houses."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The answer must be the noun that completes the compound noun "bat houses."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The recommendation is a practical measure, look for the object that can be "installed."

QUESTIONS 14-18 (Passage 2: Literacy and Economic Growth)

📝 Question 14:

an explanation of the need for research to focus on individuals with a fairly consistent income.

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Paragraph E explains the method: "One way to look at whether education causes economic growth is to ‘hold wealth constant’... If wealth is constant, it is possible to discover whether education was, for example, linked to the cultivation of new crops..." "Holding wealth constant" is the technical term for focusing on a "fairly consistent income."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Looking for words like "income" or "consistent" instead of the academic term "hold wealth constant."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the methodological reason for controlling a variable (wealth/income).

📝 Question 15:

examples of sources used to compile the database.

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph A
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Paragraph A lists the sources: "court records, guild ledgers, parish registers, village censuses, tax lists and... 9,000 handwritten inventories." This is a clear list of the data sources.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a comprehensive list of different source types.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the first paragraph which often gives the overview of the research materials.

📝 Question 16:

a description of an individual's refusal to obey an order.

🔹 Correct Answer: D
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The case of Juliana Schweickherdt is detailed: she was reprimanded for working in defiance of the guild ordinance, and she "continued taking jobs reserved for male guild members," which is a refusal to obey the order to stop.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Focusing only on the initial reprimand and missing the continued defiance ("continued taking jobs").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words suggesting defiance or resistance, such as "continued" after a reprimand.

📝 Question 17:

reference to a region suitable for studying the link between education and economic growth.

🔹 Correct Answer: F
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph F
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The author states: "‘German-speaking central Europe is an excellent laboratory for testing theories of economic growth,’ she explains." "Excellent laboratory" means suitable for study.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing the region where the primary data comes from (Paragraph A) with the region described as the "laboratory" for testing the theory (Paragraph F).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the metaphorical term used to describe the research site ("excellent laboratory").

📝 Question 18:

examples of items included in a list of personal possessions.

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: This paragraph lists possessions found in the inventories: "From badger skins to Bibles, sewing machines to scarlet bodices – the villagers’ entire worldly goods are included."
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a direct match to the question.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for a list of diverse objects used as examples.

QUESTIONS 19-22 (Passage 2: Literacy and Economic Growth)

📝 Question 19:

The database makes it possible to track individuals and their 19.... over a period of 300 years.

🔹 Correct Answer: Descendants
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The author notes the longitudinal nature of the data: "We can follow the same people – and their descendants – across 300 years..."
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a direct fill-in-the-blank word.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The combination of "individuals" and the large time frame ("300 years") points to Descendants.

📝 Question 20:

Two women were punished for reading during a 20.... in church in the early 18th century.

🔹 Correct Answer: Sermon
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The anecdote states the women were "chastised in 1707 for reading books in church instead of listening to the sermon."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "church" (the location) or "books" (the activity). The question asks for the event they should have been listening to.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "instead of listening to" is the key to identifying the missing word.

📝 Question 21:

Juliana Schweickherdt was required to pay a 21.... equivalent to one third of a servant’s annual wage.

🔹 Correct Answer: Fine
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The consequence of her disobedience: she was "told to pay a fine equivalent to one third of a servant’s annual wage."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using a verb like "pay." The question asks for the object of payment.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the noun that describes a monetary penalty.

📝 Question 22:

The rules of the guilds restricted job opportunities for skilled people and also prevented technological 22....

🔹 Correct Answer: Innovation
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The final sentence of the paragraph states: "The dominance of guilds not only prevented people from using their skills, but also held back even the simplest industrial innovation."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "change" or "progress." The specific term in the text is required.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "held back" is the functional equivalent of "prevented."

QUESTIONS 23 & 24 (Passage 2: Literacy and Economic Growth)

📝 Question 23 & 24:

Which TWO statements are made about literacy rates in Section B?

🔹 Correct Answers: B (Literacy rates in Germany between 1600 and 1900 were very good) and E (Economic growth can help to improve literacy rates)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B
🔹 Analysis of the Answer (B): The text states, "During this period, Germany and Scandinavia had excellent literacy rates." "Excellent" confirms "very good."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer (E): The author notes: "there is plenty of evidence that growth increases education." Since literacy is a part of education, this supports the statement.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Option C is incorrect as the text states growth was slow *despite* high literacy. Option D is contradicted by England's mediocre rates but early industrialisation.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Distinguish between the research hypothesis (education causes growth - largely unproven) and the observed fact (growth causes education - plenty of evidence).

QUESTIONS 25 & 26 (Passage 2: Literacy and Economic Growth)

📝 Question 25 & 26:

Which TWO statements are made about guilds in Section F?

🔹 Correct Answers: B (They were opposed to people moving to an area for work) and D (They opposed practices that threatened their control over a trade)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph F
🔹 Analysis of the Answer (B): The text states guilds "blocked labour migration." Blocking migration is equivalent to opposing people moving for work.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer (D): They also "resisted changes that might reduce their influence." Resisting changes that reduce influence means opposing threats to their control.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Options A, C, and E are not mentioned. Focus on the two explicit actions of the guilds described in the text.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the two distinct verbs describing the guilds' actions: "blocked" (migration) and "resisted" (changes).

QUESTIONS 27-32 (Passage 3: The Blindfold Chess Master)

📝 Question 27:

a reference to earlier examples of blindfold chess

🔹 Correct Answer: D
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: This paragraph gives historical examples: "The first recorded game in Europe was played in 13th-century Florence" and mentions Miguel Najdorf’s 45 simultaneous games in 1947.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The dates and specific events make this a clear match.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for dates and named historical events to identify earlier examples.

📝 Question 28:

an outline of what blindfold chess involves

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: This paragraph describes the mental process: "The nature of the game is to run through possible moves in the mind... Not only must the positions of each piece on every board be memorized..." This outlines the mechanics of the feat.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing the *description* of the skill (E) with the *reason for scientific interest* (B).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the paragraph that describes the cognitive actions (run through, memorize, recall, update) that define the activity.

📝 Question 29:

a claim that Gareyev’s skill is limited to chess

🔹 Correct Answer: F
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph F (Final sentence)
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The researcher is quoted: "‘We didn’t find anything other than playing chess that he seems to be supremely gifted at.’" This confirms that his exceptional skill is limited to chess.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Missing the context of the standard tests performed in this paragraph.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "other than playing chess" is the definitive statement of limitation.

📝 Question 30:

why Gareyev’s skill is of interest to scientists

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph states he "has drawn interest from beyond the chess-playing community" and researchers want to understand "how he and others like him can perform such mental feats." This is the scientific motivation.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing the scientists' interest (B) with the details of the mental process (E) or the brain results (F/G).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the initial statement of purpose or reason for the research.

📝 Question 31:

an outline of Gareyev’s priorities

🔹 Correct Answer: H
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph H
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Gareyev is quoted saying, "‘I don’t worry too much about the winning percentage... The most important part... is that I have found the one thing that I can fully dedicate myself to.’" This reveals his focus is on the challenge and dedication, not the score (his priorities).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The quote directly outlines his personal goals/priorities.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for direct quotes that express personal motivation or dedication.

📝 Question 32:

a reason why the last part of a game may be difficult

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E (Final sentence)
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The final sentence of this paragraph, discussing the mental challenge, notes that "When Gareyev is tired, his recall can get patchy." Tiredness makes the sustained recall difficult toward the end of a long event.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Missing the explicit link between "tired" and "patchy recall" (difficulty).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the mention of a negative mental state (tired) leading to a problem (patchy recall).

QUESTIONS 33-36 (Passage 3: The Blindfold Chess Master)

📝 Question 33:

In the forthcoming games, all the participants will be blindfolded.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph A
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states: "While his challengers will play the games as normal, Gareyev himself will be blindfolded." This contradicts the claim that all participants will be blindfolded.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Misinterpreting "as normal." For a challenger, "as normal" means playing while seeing the board.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the word "all" which sets the condition that is contradicted by the text.

📝 Question 34:

Gareyev has won competitions in BASE jumping.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph A
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text only states that Gareyev is "an adrenaline junkie who enjoys BASE jumping." There is no mention of him having participated in or won any competitions in this sport.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Assuming participation in a dangerous sport implies competitive success.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Information about competitive success must be explicitly stated to be TRUE.

📝 Question 35:

UCLA is the first university to carry out research into blindfold chess players.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text mentions researchers at UCLA called him in for tests, but does not make a statement about whether they are the first university to conduct such research (a superlative claim).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Focusing on the word "first." Since it's not confirmed, it's NOT GIVEN.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Superlative claims like "the first" require direct textual confirmation.

📝 Question 36:

Good chess players are likely to be able to play blindfold chess.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states: "Accomplished players can develop the skill of playing blind even without realizing it." Gareyev adds, "‘A lot of players are capable of doing what I’m doing.’" This confirms that good players are likely to have this ability.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The statement is strongly supported by the quotes.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "can develop the skill... even without realizing it" is key evidence for TRUE.

QUESTIONS 37-40 (Passage 3: The Blindfold Chess Master)

📝 Question 37:

The researchers started by testing Gareyev’s 37....

🔹 Correct Answer: Memory
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph F
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph states: "The scientists first had Gareyev perform some standard memory tests." The subject of the tests was memory.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using a detail of the test (numbers, pictures, words) instead of the main category of the test.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "standard memory tests" directly provides the answer.

📝 Question 38:

…for example, he was required to recall a string of 38....

🔹 Correct Answer: Numbers
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph F
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: A specific example of the memory test is given: "One classic test measures how many numbers a person can repeat, both forwards and backwards, soon after hearing them."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "words" or "pictures" as these are general categories, but "numbers" is given as the specific example for "recall a string of."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrasing "string of" usually refers to numbers, and this is confirmed by the text.

📝 Question 39:

… scans showed an unusual amount of 39....

🔹 Correct Answer: Communication
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph F
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The scans found "much greater than average communication between parts of Gareyev’s brain that make up what is called the frontoparietal control network."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "network" or "activity." The text is very specific about "communication" between parts.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The key phrase is "much greater than average" and the noun that follows is the answer.

📝 Question 40:

… in addition, the scans raised the possibility of unusual strength in the parts of his brain that deal with 40.... input.

🔹 Correct Answer: Visual
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph G
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text mentions the areas that "process visual images – such as chess boards – may have stronger links..." This indicates unusual strength in processing visual input.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "images" or "chess boards" (the examples) instead of the type of input (visual).
⭐ Key Learning Point: The word "process" followed by "visual images" is the clue for the type of input.