تحلیل ریدینگ آیلتس جنرال کمبریج 12 - تست 2: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

📝 Question 1:

Before filling in the form, go online to learn about their policies or get the ___________ that contains the relevant information.

🔹 Correct Answer: booklet
📍 Location in Passage: First paragraph. "Alternatively you can get the details from our “Mail Made easy” booklet, available at any local post office branch."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: جایگزین وب‌سایت، "booklet" (جزوه) است.
⭐ Key Learning Point: جایگزین فیزیکی اطلاعات آنلاین را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 2:

When filling in the form, refer to the ___________ to ensure all the relevant sections are completed.

🔹 Correct Answer: checklist
📍 Location in Passage: First paragraph. "...make sure you complete it in full, using the checklist that we have provided to help you."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "checklist" (چک لیست) به اطمینان از تکمیل کامل فرم کمک می‌کند.
⭐ Key Learning Point: ابزار مورد استفاده برای اطمینان از تکمیل بودن را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 3:

(You can use their ___________ to request action if you don’t have enough proof to make a claim.)

🔹 Correct Answer: website
📍 Location in Passage: First paragraph. "...the easiest way to do this is by visiting our website."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: آسان‌ترین راه برای بررسی یک مسئله بدون مدرک، بازدید از "website" (وب‌سایت) است.
⭐ Key Learning Point: کانال بررسی بدون مدرک را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 4:

in the case of a package, include something (e.g. bank statement) to prove its __________.

🔹 Correct Answer: value
📍 Location in Passage: Lost items. "...you also need to provide proof of value, e.g. till item reference number, receipt, bank statement etc."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: مدرک برای "value" (ارزش) کالا مورد نیاز است.
⭐ Key Learning Point: مدرک مالی مورد نیاز را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 5:

When claiming for the cost of a damaged item, include either the actual item or ___________ showing the damage to the item.

🔹 Correct Answer: photographs
📍 Location in Passage: Damaged items. "...if these are very large or unsafe to post, you may instead provide photographs as evidence of the damage."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: اگر کالا ارسال نشود، می‌توان از photographs (عکس‌ها) به عنوان مدرک استفاده کرد.
⭐ Key Learning Point: جایگزین ارسال کالای آسیب‌دیده را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 6:

(You should keep the ___________ that was used when the item was originally sent.)

🔹 Correct Answer: original packaging
📍 Location in Passage: Damaged items. "Please retain the original packaging (and damaged items, if not sent to us) as we may need to inspect them."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: بسته بندی اصلی باید نگهداری/حفظ شود.
⭐ Key Learning Point: موردی را که باید حفظ شود، شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 7:

Delayed items: if you are the ___________ , you must claim within three months of posting the package

🔹 Correct Answer: sender
📍 Location in Passage: Time restrictions. "Claims for delayed item must be submitted within 3 months of the date they were posted if the claim is made by the sender, or within 1 month of receipt if the claim is made by the recipient of the item."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: محدودیت ۳ ماهه در صورتی اعمال می‌شود که ادعا توسط "sender" (فرستنده) انجام شود.
⭐ Key Learning Point: طرفی که با محدودیت ۳ ماهه مرتبط است، شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 8:

At certain times of year you can eat special meals here.

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: Castle A (Carrickfergus castle). "During summer, traditional feasts are served..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "Traditional feasts" (جشن‌های سنتی) وعده‌های غذایی خاصی هستند که در اوقات خاصی از سال (تابستان) سرو می‌شوند.
⭐ Key Learning Point: به دنبال رویدادهای غذایی خاص باشید.

📝 Question 9:

Children can get dressed up here.

🔹 Correct Answer: F
📍 Location in Passage: Castle F (Warwick Castle). "children can even get to try on armour to see how heavy it is..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "Try on armour" (امتحان کردن زره) شکلی از لباس پوشیدن است.
⭐ Key Learning Point: فرصت لباس پوشیدن تعاملی را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 10:

There is another castle in the same area.

🔹 Correct Answer: D
📍 Location in Passage: Castle D (Pickering Castle). "Nearby Helmsley Castle is also worth a visit."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: ذکر "Nearby Helmsley Castle" (قلعه هلمزلی در نزدیکی) نشان‌دهنده قلعه دیگری در همان منطقه است.
⭐ Key Learning Point: به دنبال ارجاعات به جاذبه‌های نزدیک از همان نوع باشید.

📝 Question 11:

A lot of stories are told about this place.

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: Castle B (Glamis Castle). "It is also rumoured to have a secret chamber in the castle. There are many ghost tales associated with this castle..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: اشاره به شکسپیر (مکبث)، شایعه اتاق مخفی و "many ghost tales" (بسیاری از داستان‌های ارواح) نشان‌دهنده داستان‌های زیاد است.
⭐ Key Learning Point: حجم زیاد افسانه‌ها/داستان‌ها را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 12:

Part of the castle may be frightening for some children.

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: Castle E (Stokesay Castle). "...some of them may find the dungeon quit scary though."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: dungeon (سیاه‌چال) ممکن است برای بازدیدکنندگان جوان‌تر (کودکان) "quit scary" (بسیار ترسناک) باشد.
⭐ Key Learning Point: به دنبال هشدارها یا احتیاط‌ها در مورد مناطق خاص باشید.

📝 Question 13:

Plays are performed here during part of the year.

🔹 Correct Answer: D
📍 Location in Passage: Castle D (Pickering Castle). "There are lots of special events too, including a chance to come along and see some plays which are put on during the summer months."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Plays (نمایشنامه‌ها) در طول ماه‌های تابستان اجرا می‌شوند.
⭐ Key Learning Point: نوع خاص اجرای هنری را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 14:

A guided tour is offered which is particularly suitable for children.

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: Castle E (Stokesay Castle). "...there is a guided tour which has been especially designed with younger visitors in mind..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: تور هدایت‌شده به ویژه با در نظر گرفتن بازدیدکنندگان جوان‌تر (کودکان) طراحی شده است.
⭐ Key Learning Point: به دنبال تورهایی باشید که متناسب با یک گروه سنی خاص هستند.

📝 Question 15:

Which employees may choose not to work regular hours?

🔹 Correct Answer: Indoor Staff
📍 Location in Passage: North Sydney Council. "Indoor staff are able to access the benefit of flexi time."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "Flexi time" (ساعت کاری انعطاف‌پذیر) به کارکنان داخلی اجازه می‌دهد که ساعات ثابت منظم کار نکنند.
⭐ Key Learning Point: گروهی که به زمان انعطاف‌پذیر دسترسی دارند، شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 16:

How much time off each year is an employee able to take to look after a relative?

🔹 Correct Answer: 3 weeks
📍 Location in Passage: North Sydney Council. "Staff are entitled to 3 weeks per annum sick or carer’s leave."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: مرخصی مراقبت (برای مراقبت از خویشاوند) ۳ هفته در سال است.
⭐ Key Learning Point: مدت زمان مرخصی مراقب را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 17:

What kind of leave involves a choice between two alternative periods of time?

🔹 Correct Answer: Maternity
📍 Location in Passage: North Sydney Council. "...women who have completed 12 months... can access a total of 9 Weeks’ maternity leave that can be taken either as 9 weeks at full pay or as 18 weeks at half pay."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: مرخصی زایمان (Maternity leave) حق انتخاب بین دو مدت/برنامه پرداخت جایگزین را ارائه می‌دهد.
⭐ Key Learning Point: نوع مرخصی با انتخاب دو گزینه خاص را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 18:

How long must employees have worked without a break before being entitled to additional holidays?

🔹 Correct Answer: 5 years
📍 Location in Passage: North Sydney Council. "After 5 years of continuous service, employees are entitled to 6.5 weeks Long Service Leave (LSL)."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: حق مرخصی اضافی (LSL) پس از "5 years of continuous service" (۵ سال خدمت مستمر) شروع می‌شود.
⭐ Key Learning Point: حداقل زمان خدمت برای LSL را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 19:

What does the Financial Advice Program advise staff about?

🔹 Correct Answer: pensions
📍 Location in Passage: North Sydney Council. "We provide the services of advisors specialising in pensions..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: مشاوران در "pensions" (مستمری) تخصص دارند.
⭐ Key Learning Point: حوزه مالی تخصص را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 20:

What kind of professional people can employees see if they want to talk about their job in private?

🔹 Correct Answer: registered psychologists
📍 Location in Passage: North Sydney Council. "The EAP provides registered psychologists for employees wishing to discuss work or non-work matters confidentially."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: کارکنان می‌توانند به طور محرمانه با "registered psychologists" (روانشناسان ثبت شده) صحبت کنند.
⭐ Key Learning Point: نوع خاص متخصص مشاوره را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 21:

You and your employer will need to sign a ___________ before training starts.

🔹 Correct Answer: written contract
📍 Location in Passage: Registering As An Apprentice. "There is a written contract to be signed by the apprentice and the employer..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: سند کلیدی، یک "written contract" (قرارداد کتبی) است.
⭐ Key Learning Point: سند قانونی مورد نیاز را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 22:

Employers may have different minimum requirements regarding applicants’ ___________ and experience.

🔹 Correct Answer: qualifications
📍 Location in Passage: How Do I Qualify? "First of all you must meet the employer’s minimum qualifications... However, some employers will ask for specific high school courses, prior experience, or occupationally related courses."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: الزامات شامل qualifications (صلاحیت‌ها)، courses (دوره‌ها) و experience (تجربه) است. Qualifications بهترین تناسب برای مفهوم گسترده‌تر است.
⭐ Key Learning Point: دو نوع دستاورد قبلی مورد نیاز را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 23:

Each industry has its own standardised ___________ of training.

🔹 Correct Answer: outline
📍 Location in Passage: What Is My Training Like? "Training for each apprenticeable occupation is conducted according to a training outline that has been standardized for the occupation." and "Each trade has a definite term of training, listed in years..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: فرآیند توسط یک training outline (طرح کلی) استاندارد می‌شود، و مدت زمان توسط یک training term (مدت) استاندارد می‌شود. هر دو به عنوان جزء استاندارد شده قابل قبول هستند.
⭐ Key Learning Point: سند/مدت زمان استانداردسازی خاص را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 24:

You may be given credit for work experience or if you have done relevant ___________.

🔹 Correct Answer: coursework
📍 Location in Passage: What Is My Training Like? "...Your employer may choose to award you this for previous working experience in the occupation, or for prior coursework related to the occupation."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: اعتبار می‌تواند برای تجربه کاری یا "prior coursework" (کار درسی قبلی) داده شود.
⭐ Key Learning Point: دستاورد تحصیلی که اعتبار می‌دهد را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 25:

You will be considered as a member of the ___________ during the apprenticeship.

🔹 Correct Answer: workforce
📍 Location in Passage: As an apprentice. "As an apprentice, you are part of the employer’s workforce."
⭐ Key Learning Point: گروه سازمانی را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 26:

While at work, apprentices are supervised by what are known as ___________.

🔹 Correct Answer: journey workers
📍 Location in Passage: As an apprentice. "A registered apprentice works under the guidance of more experienced craft workers called journey workers."
⭐ Key Learning Point: اصطلاح مربوط به ناظران باتجربه را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 27:

Employers are consulted when deciding the ___________ and schedule for lessons.

🔹 Correct Answer: location
📍 Location in Passage: As an apprentice. "The location and times of these [classes] are set up by the local education agent in consultation with the employer."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: کارفرمایان در مورد "location and times" (برنامه) کلاس‌ها مشورت می‌شوند.
⭐ Key Learning Point: جزئیات لجستیکی دوم که در مورد آن مشورت می‌شود را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 28:

Section A

🔹 Correct Answer: vi (Benefits and disadvantages the Humber has brought)
📍 Location in Passage: Section A. "...the Humber... has been an obstacle to communications... its traffic brought prosperity to the settlements on its banks..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: هامبر prosperity (منفعت) ایجاد کرد اما همچنین یک obstacle (اشکال) بود. این با Benefits and disadvantages the Humber has brought مطابقت دارد.
⭐ Key Learning Point: به دنبال بحث در مورد پیامدها/اثرات مختلط باشید.

📝 Question 29:

Section B

🔹 Correct Answer: vii (Proposed alternatives to ferry services)
📍 Location in Passage: Section B. "To cater for these local... needs, ferries were provided across many of the streams... and in 1315, a ferry was established across the Humber itself... Increased traffic encouraged speculators to establish rival ferries... involving hovercrafts."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: این بخش جزئیات معرفی کشتی‌های مختلف و هاورکرافت‌ها را شرح می‌دهد، که همه آنها Proposed alternatives to ferry services (جایگزین‌های پیشنهادی برای خدمات کشتی) هستند.
⚠️ Potential Traps: انتخاب ix (Rising demand) که ذکر شده است، اما محتوای اصلی بخش، تاریخچه و رقابت خود خدمات است.
⭐ Key Learning Point: بر رقابت و تکامل خدمات حمل و نقل تمرکز کنید.

📝 Question 30:

Section C

🔹 Correct Answer: v (Opposition to building a bridge)
📍 Location in Passage: Section C. "The bridge was the outcome of over 100 years of campaigning by local interests for the construction of a bridge or tunnel across the estuary. The first major crossing proposal was a tunnel scheme in 1872... Over the next 100 years, a variety of proposals were put forward..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: بخش C تاریخچه طولانی پیشنهادهایی را با جزئیات شرح می‌دهد که با موانعی مانند رکود بزرگ مواجه شدند. این با Opposition to building a bridge مطابقت دارد.
⭐ Key Learning Point: تاریخچه پیشنهادات و مشکلاتی که با آنها روبرو بودند را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 31:

Section D

🔹 Correct Answer: iii (An advantage of the design for the bridge)
📍 Location in Passage: Section D. "The reasons why a suspension bridge was chosen were twofold. Firstly, the Humber has a shitting bed... a suspension bridge with no support piers in mid-stream would not obstruct the estuary..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: دلیل اصلی انتخاب پل معلق، بستر متحرک و نیاز به عدم وجود پایه‌های پشتیبانی در میانه جریان بود تا کانال را مسدود نکند. این An advantage of the design for the bridge را توصیف می‌کند.
⭐ Key Learning Point: به دنبال منطق مربوط به انتخاب طرح (پل معلق) باشید.

📝 Question 32:

Section E

🔹 Correct Answer: ii (Building the bridge)
📍 Location in Passage: Section E. "Work on the construction proceeded for eight years, during which time many thousands of tonnes of steel and concrete were used and upwards of one thousand workers and staff were employed..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: این بخش مواد، زمان و نیروی کار استفاده شده را شرح می‌دهد. این توصیف Building the bridge است.
⭐ Key Learning Point: ارقام مربوط به نیروی کار، زمان و مواد را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 33:

Section F

🔹 Correct Answer: iv (The growing popularity of the bridge)
📍 Location in Passage: Section F. "Malcolm Stockwell, the bridgemaster, recalls that when the bridge first opened, there wasn’t a great deal of interest in it. Then children started visiting, and he remembers their astonishment... People who lived in towns on opposite banks... started crossing the river..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: این بخش واکنش عاطفی عمومی (شگفتی) و افزایش استفاده از پل توسط مردم محلی را شرح می‌دهد. این The growing popularity of the bridge است.
⭐ Key Learning Point: به دنبال شواهدی از واکنش عمومی و افزایش استفاده باشید.

📝 Question 34:

Section G

🔹 Correct Answer: viii (How the bridge has contributed to the region’s growth)
📍 Location in Passage: Section G. "The bridge opened up, both socially and economically, two previously remote and insular areas... and the improvement in communication enabled the area to realise its potential in commercial, industrial and tourist development."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: این بخش بر پیامدهای مثبت پل برای توسعه منطقه تمرکز دارد. این با How the bridge has contributed to the region’s growth مطابقت دارد.
⭐ Key Learning Point: پیامدهای اقتصادی و اجتماعی بلندمدت را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 35:

The first ferry across the Humber started operating in 1315, and by 1800, this service had been ___________ with other forms of transport.

🔹 Correct Answer: integrated
📍 Location in Passage: Section B. "...by 1800, this ferry had become fully integrated into the overland transport system..."
⭐ Key Learning Point: رابطه خاص با اشکال دیگر حمل و نقل را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 36:

The mid-19th century saw greater ___________ in the provision of services.

🔹 Correct Answer: competition
📍 Location in Passage: Section B. "Increased traffic encouraged speculators to establish rival ferries... The existing service... closed in 1851, unable to cope with the increased competition from the rival service."
⭐ Key Learning Point: عامل تجاری که باعث بسته شدن کشتی قدیمی شد را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 37:

In 1968, an attempt to establish a service across the river using ___________ failed.

🔹 Correct Answer: hovercrafts
📍 Location in Passage: Section B. "...a ferry service from Grimsby to Hull involving hovercrafts. This did not last long as the hovercrafts could not cope with the demands of the River Humber."
⭐ Key Learning Point: نوع خاص وسیله نقلیه مورد استفاده در سرویس شکست خورده ۱۹۶۸ را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 38:

The Humber Bridge is a suspension bridge because the channel that ships travel along moves, and ___________ supporting a bridge would obstruct it.

🔹 Correct Answer: piers
📍 Location in Passage: Section D. "...a suspension bridge with no support piers in mid-stream would not obstruct the estuary."
⭐ Key Learning Point: جزء ساختاری که باعث انسداد می‌شود را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 39:

A bridge rather than a ___________ was chosen on the grounds of cost.

🔹 Correct Answer: tunnel
📍 Location in Passage: Section D. "...the cost of constructing a tunnel would have been excessive."
⭐ Key Learning Point: جایگزین گران قیمت برای پل را شناسایی کنید.

📝 Question 40:

This was also one reason why ___________ was used for the towers.

🔹 Correct Answer: concrete
📍 Location in Passage: Section E. "The towers were concrete rather than the usual steel, since concrete was cheaper and would blend in better with the setting."
⭐ Key Learning Point: ماده ارزان‌تر برج را شناسایی کنید.