تحلیل ریدینگ آیلتس آکادمیک کمبریج 10 - تست 3: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

مقدمه:

بخش ریدینگ آیلتس آکادمیک یکی از مهارت‌های حیاتی در آزمون آیلتس است که نیازمند درک سریع و دقیق متون علمی، مدیریت زمان و تسلط بر انواع سوالات می‌باشد. در این مقاله، تحلیل تست ۳ ریدینگ از کتاب آیلتس کمبریج ۱۰ (Cambridge IELTS 10) را ارائه می‌دهیم. هدف ما بررسی ساختار متن‌ها، استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی و نکات کلیدی برای کمک به داوطلبان در کسب نمره بهتر در این بخش است. این تست شامل سه متن آکادمیک است که به ترتیب سطح دشواری آن‌ها افزایش می‌یابد. داوطلبان باید با انواع سوالات مانند True/False/Not Given، Matching Headings، Multiple Choice و Summary Completion آشنا باشند و استراتژی‌های مناسبی برای هر نوع سوال اتخاذ کنند. در این مقاله، به بررسی نکات کلیدی متن‌ها، تحلیل دقیق سوالات، شناسایی اشتباهات رایج و ارائه روش‌های بهینه برای بهبود سرعت و دقت در پاسخ‌دهی خواهیم پرداخت. با مطالعه این راهنما، می‌توانید نقاط ضعف خود را تقویت کرده و عملکرد بهتری در بخش ریدینگ آیلتس داشته باشید. 

برای دیدن بقیه‌ی تحلیل‌ها به لینک زیر بروید:

پالت ناوبری سوالات

QUESTIONS 1-4 (Passage 1: Matching Headings - Mass Tourism)

📝 Question 1:

Paragraph B

🔹 Correct Answer: ii (The development of mass tourism)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph establishes that tourism "as we know it today is a distinctly twentieth-century phenomenon" and mentions the creation of the commercial airline industry, signalling the "rapid growth and expansion" of travel.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The core idea is the origin and growth of tourism as a large-scale modern industry.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "twentieth-century phenomenon" and "rapid growth" define the development of mass tourism.

📝 Question 2:

Paragraph C

🔹 Correct Answer: i (Economic and social significance of tourism)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph states that tourism has grown significantly in both "economic and social importance," citing its contribution to national product (economic) and the "educative effect of travel and the effects on employment" (social).
⚠️ Potential Traps: The paragraph explicitly mentions both "economic" and "social" aspects.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the direct use of the words "economic" and "social" importance.

📝 Question 3:

Paragraph D

🔹 Correct Answer: v (Difficulty in recognising the economic effects of tourism)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The major problems that have "hidden, or obscured, its economic impact" are the "diversity and fragmentation" of the industry, making recognition difficult.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The passage discusses the *reasons* why the true economic size is obscured.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The words "hidden, or obscured" are the key indicator for "difficulty in recognising."

📝 Question 4:

Paragraph E

🔹 Correct Answer: vii (The world impact of tourism)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph emphasizes the shift from an exclusive province of the wealthy to an "institutionalised way of life for most of the population" and lists numerous nations where tourism is the major source of income.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The list of countries demonstrates the widespread economic significance of the industry.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The extensive list of countries and the shift to the general population demonstrate the global scale of its impact.

QUESTIONS 5-10 (Passage 1: True/False/Not Given - Mass Tourism)

📝 Question 5:

The largest employment figures in the world are found in the travel and tourism industry.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage states, "The travel and tourism industry is the world’s largest employer" (with almost 130 million jobs). This directly supports the statement.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question is a direct synonym match.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The definitive phrase "world’s largest employer" is the key indicator.

📝 Question 6:

Tourism contributes over six per cent of the Australian gross national product.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Not discussed.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage states the industry produces "over 6 per cent of the world’s national product" (global figure), but does not provide a specific figure for Australia’s gross national product.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question attempts to confuse the reader with the similar global figure.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The specific figure for the Australian economy is missing.

📝 Question 7:

Tourism has a social impact because it promotes recreation.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text cites the social impact due to the "educative effect of travel and the effects on employment" but does not mention recreation as a reason for its social impact.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Do not assume recreation is the cause just because tourism involves it.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The explicit reasons for the social impact are education and employment.

📝 Question 8:

Two main features of the travel and tourism industry make its economic significance difficult to ascertain.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The "major problems" that obscure economic impact are listed as the "diversity and fragmentation of the industry itself." These are the two key features.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question is a direct paraphrase of the identified problems.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The terms "diversity and fragmentation" are the explicit reasons cited.

📝 Question 9:

Visitor spending is always greater than the spending of residents in tourist areas.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Not discussed.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text discusses visitor spending but provides no comparison between visitor spending and resident spending in those areas.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Do not assume a comparison based on the focus on visitor spending.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The specific comparison between visitor and resident spending is missing.

📝 Question 10:

It is easy to show statistically how tourism affects individual economies.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states that "it is not possible with any degree of certainty to provide precise, valid or reliable data" about the economic impact. This directly contradicts the idea that it is easy.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The statement is the direct opposite of the text's conclusion.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "not possible with any degree of certainty" is the definitive contradiction.

QUESTIONS 11-13 (Passage 1: Notes Completion - Global Impact of Tourism)

📝 Question 11:

In Greece, tourism the most important ______.

🔹 Correct Answer: Source of income
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text lists Greece as a country where "tourism is the major source of income."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the economic function of tourism in that country.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "major source of income" provides the answer.

📝 Question 12:

The travel and tourism industry in Jamaica is the major ______.

🔹 Correct Answer: Employer
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Data suggests the travel and tourism industry is the "number one ranked employer in...Jamaica."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the employment function of tourism in that country.
⭐ Key Learning Point: "Number one ranked employer" is the key phrase.

📝 Question 13:

The problems associated with measuring international tourism are often reflected in the measurement of ______.

🔹 Correct Answer: Domestic tourism
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "similar difficulties arise when attempts are made to measure domestic tourism."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the type of tourism that faces similar measurement difficulties.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "similar difficulties" is the key linker.

QUESTIONS 14-18 (Passage 2: Matching Headings - Why Leaves Turn Red)

📝 Question 14:

a description of the substance responsible for the red coloration of leaves

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Paragraph C defines the source of red: "anthocyanins, water-soluble plant pigments reflecting the red to blue range of the visible spectrum."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question is a direct definition of the chemical substance.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The paragraph introduces anthocyanins and describes their chemical and visual properties.

📝 Question 15:

the reason why trees drop their leaves in autumn

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The reason is conservation: the tree "saves its precious resources and discards them" rather than maintaining the "now redundant leaves" throughout winter.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The paragraph explains that leaves are dropped to conserve resources when solar energy declines.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The core reason is resource conservation during winter.

📝 Question 16:

some evidence to confirm a theory about the purpose of the red leaves

🔹 Correct Answer: H
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph H.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Paragraph H provides a list of supporting observations: reddest leaves get the most sun, red is brighter on the upper side, and red is most intense in dry/sunny conditions. These are pieces of evidence.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question is a direct list of supporting facts for the "light screen" hypothesis.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for lists of observations that support the preceding theory.

📝 Question 17:

an explanation of the function of chlorophyll

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Chlorophyll is defined as the molecule that "captures sunlight (and) converts that energy into new building materials for the tree." This is its function.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The function is given at the beginning of the discussion on leaf colour change.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The function involves capturing and converting solar energy.

📝 Question 18:

a suggestion that the red coloration in leaves could serve as a warning signal

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The theory proposes that red is produced to "convince herbivorous insects that they are healthy and robust" and can mount chemical defences (a warning signal).
⚠️ Potential Traps: The paragraph introduces the "warning" or "deterrent" hypothesis for insects.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The concept is that the tree uses colour to display its fitness to predators.

QUESTIONS 19-22 (Passage 2: Summary Completion - Evidence for the Light Screen Hypothesis)

📝 Question 19:

The most vividly colored red leaves are found on the side of the tree facing the ______.

🔹 Correct Answer: Sun(light)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph H.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The leaves that are the reddest are those on the side of the tree which gets the "most sun."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the element that causes the intensity of the red colour.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The concentration of red is proportional to the exposure to sunlight.

📝 Question 20:

The ______ surfaces of leaves contain the most red pigment.

🔹 Correct Answer: Upper
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph H.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "the red is brighter on the upper side of the leaf."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the location of the most pigment.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The answer should be the comparative location: upper vs. lower side.

📝 Question 21:

Red leaves are most abundant when daytime weather conditions are ______ and sunny.

🔹 Correct Answer: Dry
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph H.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The best conditions for intense red colours are "dry, sunny days and cool nights."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the third atmospheric condition that enhances the colour.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The key conditions are dryness, sunlight, and coolness (at night).

📝 Question 22:

The intensity of the red color of leaves increases as you go further ______.

🔹 Correct Answer: North
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph H.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Trees "usually get much redder the more north you travel in the northern hemisphere."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the geographical direction associated with increased colour intensity.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The geographical trend is clearly stated: further north = redder leaves.

QUESTIONS 23-25 (Passage 2: True/False/Not Given - Theories about Red Leaves)

📝 Question 23:

It is likely that the red pigments help to protect the leaf from freezing temperatures.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage lists this as a theory, but states, "there are problems with each of these theories," including the short red period and the energy expense, making the theory unlikely.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The theory is mentioned, but the text explicitly casts doubt on it.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The text must confirm a theory is likely, not just mention it as a possibility that is then dismissed.

📝 Question 24:

The ‘light screen’ hypothesis would initially seem to contradict what is known about chlorophyll.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph F.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The writer acknowledges the idea is "paradoxical": "Why does chlorophyll need protection when it is the natural world’s supreme light absorber?" This statement confirms the apparent contradiction.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question is about the apparent paradox/contradiction.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The word "paradoxical" is the key indicator of the apparent contradiction.

📝 Question 25:

Leaves which turn colors other than red are more likely to be damaged by sunlight.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Not discussed.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage focuses on the protective function of the red pigment (anthocyanins), but does not compare the susceptibility to damage of yellow/orange leaves (non-red) versus red leaves.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Do not infer a comparison from the focus on red's protection.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The comparison of vulnerability by colour is a missing detail.

QUESTION 26 (Passage 2: Multiple Choice - Explanations)

📝 Question 26:

For which of the following questions does the writer offer an explanation?

🔹 Correct Answer: B (how leaves turn orange and yellow in autumn)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Paragraph B explains that "chlorophyll is depleted," revealing the other colours beneath. "This unmasking explains the autumn colours of yellow and orange."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The writer provides a clear, documented scientific explanation for this process.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The text explicitly states that this "explains" the phenomenon.

QUESTIONS 27-31 (Passage 3: Summary Completion - The Lapita Discovery)

📝 Question 27:

... found on an abandoned ______ on the Pacific island of Efate.

🔹 Correct Answer: B (Plantation)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: An agricultural worker was "digging in the grounds of a derelict plantation." Derelict means abandoned.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The word "derelict" is a synonym for abandoned.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The type of site found was a plantation.

📝 Question 28:

The cemetery, which is a significant ______, was uncovered accidentally by an agricultural worker.

🔹 Correct Answer: F (Archaeological discovery)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage refers to the site as "An important archaeological discovery" and mentions it came to light "only by chance."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the classification of the finding.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The term "archaeological discovery" is the key phrase.

📝 Question 29:

They took many things with them on their voyages including ______ and tools.

🔹 Correct Answer: I (Animals)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: They carried "their livestock, taro seedlings, and stone tools." Livestock is synonymous with animals.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question requires a word that encompasses "livestock" and "taro seedlings" if "tools" is mentioned separately. In this case, "animals" (livestock) is the better fit.
⭐ Key Learning Point: "Livestock" is a specific example of animals being carried.

📝 Question 30:

Spriggs believes the ______ which was found at the site is very important...

🔹 Correct Answer: G (Burial urn)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The finding was "a Lapita burial urn" which Spriggs says is "an important discovery" that conclusively identifies the remains.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the specific item that confirmed the Lapita identity.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The urn itself was the crucial artifact for identification.

📝 Question 31:

...it confirms that the ______ found inside are Lapita.

🔹 Correct Answer: D (Bones)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The urn contained "human remains" (bones) which the urn confirmed as Lapita. "The remains of 62 individuals have been uncovered."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for what the urn confirmed the identity of (the human remains/bones).
⭐ Key Learning Point: "Human remains" is synonymous with bones in this context.

QUESTIONS 32-35 (Passage 3: Multiple Choice - The Lapita Explorers)

📝 Question 32:

According to the writer, there are difficulties explaining how the Lapita accomplished their journeys because

🔹 Correct Answer: C (little information relating to this period can be relied upon for accuracy).
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Lapita left "precious few clues." Archaeology has found no canoes/rigging, and later oral histories "turn into myths long before they reach as far back." This lack of evidence prevents accurate reliance.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The reason is the lack of tangible or reliable non-mythological evidence.
⭐ Key Learning Point: "Precious few clues" and "turn into myths" are the core issues of unreliability.

📝 Question 33:

According to the fifth paragraph, what was extraordinary about the Lapita?

🔹 Correct Answer: A (They sailed beyond the point where land was visible.)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The "real adventure" began when they "sailed out of sight of land, with empty horizons on every side." This blue-water adventuring was the extraordinary act.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the extraordinary navigational feat.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The key phrase is "sailed out of sight of land."

📝 Question 34:

What does ‘This’ refer to in the seventh paragraph?

🔹 Correct Answer: D (the Lapita’s belief they would be able to return home)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph preceding 'This' states they were "secure in the knowledge that if they didn’t find anything, they could turn about and catch a swift ride back on the trade winds." The ability/confidence to return home is what "would have made the whole thing work."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The pronoun 'This' refers to the entire concept of the safety net provided by the trade winds.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The antecedent of 'This' is the ability to turn back using the trade winds.

📝 Question 35:

According to the eighth paragraph, how was the geography of the region significant?

🔹 Correct Answer: C (It provided a navigational aid for the Lapita.)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The geography of their archipelagoes would have provided a "safety net" for returning explorers, making it less likely to overshoot their home ports. A safety net in this context functions as a navigational aid.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question asks for the function of the geography.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The "safety net" function is crucial for navigation on return journeys.

QUESTIONS 36-40 (Passage 3: Yes/No/Not Given - The Lapita Explorers)

📝 Question 36:

It is now clear that the Lapita could sail into a prevailing wind.

🔹 Correct Answer: NO
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Professor Anderson says, "there’s no proof they could do any such thing." He explicitly challenges the assumption that they had mastered sailing against the wind.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question is refuted by a direct denial from an expert.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The denial "no proof" means the assumption is not a clear fact.

📝 Question 37:

Extreme climate conditions may have played a role in Lapita migration.

🔹 Correct Answer: YES
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 8.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Professor Anderson suggests that "El Nino, the same climate disruption that affects the Pacific today, may have helped scatter the Lapita." El Nino is an extreme climate condition.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question is a direct synonym match for the El Nino theory.
⭐ Key Learning Point: "El Nino" is the key term for extreme climate conditions influencing migration.

📝 Question 38:

The Lapita learnt to predict the duration of El Ninos.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Not discussed.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage discusses the *role* of El Nino events, but does not mention whether the Lapita had the ability to predict the duration of these climate disruptions.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Do not confuse the existence of a theory with knowledge possessed by the Lapita.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The ability of the Lapita to predict climate events is a missing detail.

📝 Question 39:

It remains unclear why the Lapita halted their expansion across the Pacific.

🔹 Correct Answer: YES
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 9.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage states that the Lapita "called it quits for reasons known only to them." The phrase "known only to them" confirms it is currently unclear to researchers.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question is a direct paraphrase of the writer's conclusion.
⭐ Key Learning Point: "Known only to them" is the definitive indicator of current uncertainty.

📝 Question 40:

It is likely that the majority of Lapita settled on Fiji.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Not discussed.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text mentions that the Lapita discovered Fiji, but does not provide any data on where the majority of the population ultimately settled.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Do not infer population numbers from geographical discovery.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Population distribution statistics (majority) are a missing detail.