تحلیل ریدینگ آیلتس جنرال کمبریج 17 - تست 2: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

مقدمه: بخش ریدینگ آیلتس جنرال، توانایی شما در درک متون کاربردی و روزمره را می‌سنجد. برای موفقیت در این بخش، باید با انواع مختلف متن و سوالات آشنا باشید و بتوانید اطلاعات مورد نیاز را به سرعت پیدا کنید. در این راهنما، تحلیل تست ۲ ریدینگ جنرال از کتاب آیلتس کمبریج ۱۷ (Cambridge IELTS 17) را به صورت جامع انجام می‌دهیم. هدف ما آموزش استراتژی‌های موثر برای مدیریت زمان و پاسخ‌دهی دقیق به سوالات متنوع این بخش، از جمله سوالات مربوط به تبلیغات، اطلاعیه‌ها و متون بلندتر است. با مطالعه این تحلیل، با ساختار آزمون بیشتر آشنا شده و با اعتماد به نفس بالاتری تمرین خواهید کرد. 

پالت ناوبری سوالات (Question Navigation)

SECTION 1: Rental Agencies & Cycle Lights

Rental Property Agencies (Questions 1-5 - Matching Features)

📝 Question 1: The agency expects customers to provide letters of recommendation.

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: Danesdale Agency (B). "...you supply written references and pay the rent on time..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: "Written references" are a direct match for letters of recommendation (or letters verifying history/suitability).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a clear requirement mentioned by B.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words indicating vetting documentation ("references").

📝 Question 2: The agency provides certain information on properties held by its competitors.

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: Leftfield Letting (E). "We use modern marketing techniques that include price comparisons for similar properties with other agencies in the area..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Providing price comparisons... with other agencies (competitors) is providing certain information on their properties.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This competitive strategy is unique to E.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify phrases that involve comparison or reference to competitors.

📝 Question 3: The agency began business in its present location.

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: Aynho Properties (A). "Our firm has been based in Shipton Street since its foundation..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Being "based in Shipton Street since its foundation" means the agency began business in its present location (Shipton Street/surrounding neighborhood).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The phrase "since its foundation" is key.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for terms indicating continuity of location from the start ("since its foundation").

📝 Question 4: Employees have specific roles at the agency.

🔹 Correct Answer: D
📍 Location in Passage: Kasama Letting (D). "James Kettering, our customer liaison officer, is always at the end of the phone... We also have an administration officer, who deals with contracts, rents and personal queries."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Listing employees with clear, defined job titles and duties (customer liaison officer, administration officer) confirms that employees have specific roles.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a unique feature of D.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the mention of defined job titles and their associated duties.

📝 Question 5: The agency carefully chooses the property owners that it works with.

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Jakesford Properties (C). "The landlords on our books have been selected with great care so that you can be sure they will look after your interests."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Stating that landlords... have been selected with great care means the agency carefully chooses the property owners (landlords) they work with.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a unique selection process mentioned by C.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for phrases describing a selection or vetting process for property owners.

Cycle Lights (Questions 6-14 - True/False/Not Given)

📝 Question 6: It is illegal to cycle after sunset without bike lights.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1. "You must have approved front and rear lights that are lit, clean and working properly when cycling between sunset and sunrise."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Since lights must be lit between sunset and sunrise, it is illegal (must have) to cycle after sunset without bike lights.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the mandatory condition ("must have... lit") and the timeframe ("between sunset and sunrise").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the mandatory condition ("must have... lit") and the timeframe ("between sunset and sunrise").

📝 Question 7: Front and rear lights can be attached to the rider.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "...you need a white light at the front and a red light at the rear, visible from the front and rear respectively and fixed to your bike."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The regulations require the lights to be fixed to your bike, directly contradicting the statement that they can be attached to the rider.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The text mentions a head-torch, but only as an additional light, not the main legal requirement.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Check the specific location requirement ("fixed to your bike").

📝 Question 8: A torch worn on a cyclist's head must be white.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "...neither is a torch on your head, though there’s nothing to stop you using a head-torch as an additional light."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text confirms that a head-torch is allowed as an additional light. However, it does not state the required color for this additional head-torch.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The text confirms the possibility of use but omits the necessary specification (color).
⭐ Key Learning Point: The text confirms the possibility of use but omits the necessary specification (color).

📝 Question 9: There are some legal restrictions on flashing lights.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "The regulations also now allow flashing lights, provided they flash between 60 and 240 times per minute."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Allowing flashing lights "provided they flash between 60 and 240 times per minute" is a clear legal restriction.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. A conditional permission ("provided they...") is a form of restriction.
⭐ Key Learning Point: A conditional permission ("provided they...") is a form of restriction.

📝 Question 10: Reflectors are most commonly available in packs of four.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "The legal requirements for reflectors include a red rear reflector and four amber pedal reflectors..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The law requires four amber pedal reflectors. However, the text does not provide any information about how they are most commonly available (e.g., in packs of four, or individually).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Do not confuse the legal quantity required with the commercial availability ("most commonly available").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Do not confuse the legal quantity required with the commercial availability ("most commonly available").

📝 Question 11: Reflective heel strips are allowed instead of pedal reflectors.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "...a reflective heel strip or ankle band could replace an amber pedal reflector, but unfortunately these do not meet the legal requirements."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states these strips "do not meet the legal requirements," meaning they are not allowed instead of pedal reflectors.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the explicit legal status ("do not meet the legal requirements").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the explicit legal status ("do not meet the legal requirements").

📝 Question 12: The law concerning the design of pedals is unsatisfactory.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "These pedals are not designed with enough space to accommodate reflectors and make this an area of legislation in need of change."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Stating that the relevant legislation is "in need of change" implies that the current law is unsatisfactory.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for explicit calls for reform or change as evidence of dissatisfaction.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for explicit calls for reform or change as evidence of dissatisfaction.

📝 Question 13: Cycling during the daytime is safer than cycling at night.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Unlike with other vehicles, lights are not a legal requirement for cyclists when there is seriously reduced visibility during the daytime, although we wouldn’t recommend cycling through dense fog without lighting up."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text compares the lighting requirements for day vs. night visibility. It never makes a general comparison of whether cycling during the daytime is safer than cycling at night.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The text focuses on the legal requirement/visibility, not the relative safety level.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The text focuses on the legal requirement/visibility, not the relative safety level.

📝 Question 14: It is against the law to cycle in daytime fog without lights.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "lights are not a legal requirement for cyclists when there is seriously reduced visibility during the daytime..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Seriously reduced visibility (e.g., fog) during the daytime does not legally require lights, contradicting the statement that it is against the law.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The exception clause "not a legal requirement" means the activity is not against the law.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The exception clause "not a legal requirement" means the activity is not against the law.

SECTION 2: Safe Computer Work & Portable Ladders

Safe Computer Work (Questions 15-20 - Notes Completion)

📝 Question 15: change in the user’s position

🔹 Correct Answer: position
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2. "...but also big enough to let the user work comfortably and to alter their position."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The desk must allow a change in the user's position.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'alter' or 'comfortable'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the body state that needs adjustment.

📝 Question 16: move, soundproof, or separate noisy equipment using partitions

🔹 Correct Answer: partitions
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3. "You could use partitions between noisy equipment and the rest of the workstation as an alternative."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Partitions can be used as an alternative to moving or soundproofing noisy equipment.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'alternative' or 'equipment'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the physical structure used for separation.

📝 Question 17: reduce glare from nearby windows e.g., using adjustable blinds

🔹 Correct Answer: windows
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4. "Surrounding windows must have curtains or blinds which users can adjust to prevent reflected glare."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Curtains or blinds should prevent glare from windows.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'blinds' or 'curtains'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the source of the glare.

📝 Question 18: check heat from equipment

🔹 Correct Answer: heat
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5. "Temperature-wise, the equipment should not give out so much heat that the user becomes uncomfortable, so monitor this."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Employers should check/monitor the heat given out by the equipment.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'equipment' or 'temperature'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the environmental output to be monitored.

📝 Question 19: An input into task achievement and planning

🔹 Correct Answer: planning
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6. "...and give employees some say in the way work is carried out and the planning that goes into it."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Employees should have input into task achievement and planning.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'say' or 'carried out'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the management activity where employee input is needed.

📝 Question 20: regular, short breaks, at times of their own choice

🔹 Correct Answer: choice
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7. "The employee should, at times, has a choice over when to take breaks..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The employee should have a choice over when to take breaks.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'breaks' or 'times'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the element of control the employee should have over breaks.

Portable Ladders (Questions 21-27 - Sentence Completion)

📝 Question 21: Employers should keep a record of ladder safety inspections.

🔹 Correct Answer: record
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 8. "...and they should have an up-to-date record of these."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Employers should keep an up-to-date record of inspections.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'inspections' or 'up-to-date'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the noun for the documentation required.

📝 Question 22: Employers should check the length of a ladder is suitable for the job.

🔹 Correct Answer: length
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 8. "...employers are also responsible for ensuring any ladder is the right length to meet the needs of the task..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Employers must check the length of the ladder.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'right' or 'suitable'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the physical dimension that must be correct.

📝 Question 23: The steps and joints of the ladder need particularly close inspection.

🔹 Correct Answer: steps
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 8. "When doing a check, it is important to focus on the steps and make sure they are not loose as this could cause an accident. Similarly, a cracked joint in the ladder could cause it to fail."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The key parts to inspect are the steps and joints.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'joint' (already mentioned).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the structural component that needs checking alongside joints.

📝 Question 24: Make sure the feet of the ladder are resting on a clean, hard surface.

🔹 Correct Answer: feet
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 9. "...check the ground surface is dirt-free and solid, so the feet can grip and the ladder doesn’t sink."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The surface must be clean and solid so the feet can grip.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'surface' or 'ground'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the part of the ladder that contacts the ground.

📝 Question 25: Protect the ladder from vehicles by using cones.

🔹 Correct Answer: cones
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 10. "If necessary, safeguard the area by placing red and white cones around it."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Cones should be placed around the ladder to safeguard the area from vehicles/hazards.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'vehicles' or 'red and white'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific safety marker used.

📝 Question 26: Use a sign to keep people away from the ladder.

🔹 Correct Answer: sign
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 10. "A ‘danger’ sign at the base is often the best way of doing this."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: A sign is the best way to keep the public away.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'danger' or 'base'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the noun for the warning marker.

📝 Question 27: Keep the ladder in place using ties, rather than blocks.

🔹 Correct Answer: blocks
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 11. "...avoid using blocks to wedge the ladder in place as they can easily move."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The item to avoid using for securing the ladder is blocks.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using 'wedge' or 'ties'.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the unstable item that should be avoided for securing the ladder.

SECTION 3: The Story of the Fosbury Flop

The Fosbury Flop (Questions 28-32 - Matching Information)

📝 Question 28: a suggestion that Fosbury should change his way of jumping

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Section C. "...where my coach explained that I was never going to get anywhere with that technique. He started me with the ‘belly roll’ technique."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The coach telling Fosbury he wouldn't "get anywhere" with the scissors style and starting him on the belly roll is a clear suggestion that Fosbury should change his way of jumping.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for words that indicate instruction or critique of a method.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words that indicate instruction or critique of a method.

📝 Question 29: a reference to an opportunity offered to Fosbury that made him feel honoured

🔹 Correct Answer: G
📍 Location in Passage: Section G. "I am very proud that I received the naming rights."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Receiving the naming rights is the opportunity that made him feel honoured ("very proud").
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for words expressing pride or honor related to a unique privilege.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words expressing pride or honor related to a unique privilege.

📝 Question 30: a reference to the fact that Fosbury was a very influential high jumper

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: Section A. "...Dick Fosbury completely transformed the sport of high jumping with a gold-medal and Olympic-record jump..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The phrase "completely transformed the sport" indicates that Fosbury was a very influential high jumper.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for words describing widespread, massive impact ("completely transformed").
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words describing widespread, massive impact ("completely transformed").

📝 Question 31: conflicting explanations given by Fosbury for the way the idea for the Fosbury Flop began

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: Section B. "At first, when asked about how this unorthodox maneuver originated, Fosbury would joke with sportswriters, informing some that... he had initially designed the Flop on paper, and telling others that he had accidentally discovered this technique when he once tripped and fell backward..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The section lists two conflicting explanations (designed on paper vs. accidentally tripped) that Fosbury initially gave for the Flop's origin.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for multiple, contradictory accounts of a single event.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for multiple, contradictory accounts of a single event.

📝 Question 32: a reference to a time when Fosbury was dissatisfied with his athletic performance

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Section C. "However, I was really lousy with that style. l expressed my frustration to coach..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Fosbury finding his performance "really lousy" and expressing "frustration" is a clear reference to being dissatisfied with his athletic performance.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Look for words expressing negative emotion or poor self-assessment of ability.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for words expressing negative emotion or poor self-assessment of ability.

The Fosbury Flop (Questions 33-36 - Multiple Choice)

📝 Question 33: When interviewed about his development of the Fosbury Flop, Dick Fosbury

🔹 Correct Answer: D. stated that it had been done gradually without any overall plan.
📍 Location in Passage: Section B. "...Fosbury revealed that the technique actually unfolded over many years and involved countless trials and errors. “It was simply a natural technique that evolved,” he said. “I never thought about how to change it...”"
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The description of the technique as "unfolded over many years," "evolved," and that he "never thought about how to change it" means it was done gradually without any overall plan.
⚠️ Potential Traps: A is a FALSE initial joke (Section B).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Distinguish between the joking explanations and the actual revealed process (trials and errors/evolution).

📝 Question 34: Fosbury achieved a sudden improvement in the height he could jump when he

🔹 Correct Answer: A. started to adapt the ‘scissors‘ technique.
📍 Location in Passage: Section C. "So, in his next competition, Fosbury went back to the “scissors” style... As the bar was raised each time, I began to lift my hips up and my shoulders went back in reaction to that- At the end of the competition, I had improved my best by 15 cm..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The sudden improvement (15 cm increase) occurred when he went back to the scissors style and began to adapt it ("lift my hips up and my shoulders went back").
⚠️ Potential Traps: C is incorrect; he abandoned the "belly roll," not the "scissors."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Trace the sequence of actions and their result (return to scissors $\rightarrow$ adaptation $\rightarrow$ sudden improvement).

📝 Question 35: When describing the way that Fosbury's jump evolved, Richard Hotter stressed that.

🔹 Correct Answer: B. the process was more controlled than it appeared.
📍 Location in Passage: Section D. "It was on-site engineering, his body and mind working together, making reflexive adjustments... those movements that served to get him a centimeter higher were retained, while the others were gradually eliminated..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Hoffer's description of "on-site engineering" and "body and mind working together, making reflexive adjustments" suggests a subconscious, selective, and therefore controlled process of retaining successful moves and eliminating others.
⚠️ Potential Traps: A is incorrect; his height was a physical fact, not a stressor.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Analyze the writer's interpretation of the trial-and-error process (it was engineering, not just chaos).

📝 Question 36: Fosbury defended his idea that his style of jumping was ‘natural' by pointing out that

🔹 Correct Answer: D. it was independently discovered by other athletes.
📍 Location in Passage: Section E. "I can say that because the Canadian jumper Debbie Brill was a few years younger than I was and also developed the same technique only a few years after me and without ever having seen me."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The fact that another jumper developed the same technique... without ever having seen me is evidence that it was a natural style that could be independently discovered by other athletes.
⚠️ Potential Traps: B is incorrect; the Flop was copied, but D is his specific argument for the naturalness of the style.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on the evidence used to support the claim of "natural style".

How the Fosbury Flop Got Its Name (Questions 37-40 - Summary Completion)

📝 Question 37: When first interviewed, Fosbury called his jumping style a back lay out but he realised that this had not made an impression on the...

🔹 Correct Answer: back lay out
📍 Location in Passage: Section G. "...I referred to it as a back lay out.’ It was not interesting and the journalist didn’t even write it down."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The technical term Fosbury first used was a back lay out.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the technical term he initially used.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the technical term he initially used.

📝 Question 38: ...but he realised that this had not made an impression on the journalist.

🔹 Correct Answer: journalist
📍 Location in Passage: Section G. "...and I referred to it as a back lay out.’ It was not interesting and the journalist didn’t even write it down. I noted this."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The person who didn't write down the name was the journalist.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the person covering the story.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the person covering the story.

📝 Question 39: He says the name was appropriate because his town is near a river and a...

🔹 Correct Answer: river
📍 Location in Passage: Section G. "The context was that our town was on a river, very popular for fishing..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The town was near a river.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the geographic feature near his town.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the geographic feature near his town.

📝 Question 40: ...and a fish does a similar type of ‘flopping’ movement when brought to land.

🔹 Correct Answer: fish
📍 Location in Passage: Section G. "...And when you land a fish on the bank it’s flopping. That’s the action and so it’s a good description by a journalist and I remembered it.”
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The animal that makes a flopping movement is a fish.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. Identify the animal whose action inspired the name.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the animal whose action inspired the name.