تحلیل لیسنینگ آیلتس آکادمیک و جنرال کمبریج 19 - تست 4: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

مقدمه

لیسنینگ آیلتس یکی از مهم‌ترین بخش‌های آزمون است که برای داوطلبان هر دو نسخه آکادمیک (Academic) و جنرال (General Training) به‌طور یکسان برگزار می‌شود. این مهارت نیاز به تمرکز بالا، مدیریت زمان و شناخت انواع سوالات دارد. تست 4 لیسنینگ از کتاب آیلتس کمبریج 19 (Cambridge IELTS 19) شامل چهار بخش (Section) است که از مکالمات روزمره تا سخنرانی‌های دانشگاهی را پوشش می‌دهد.

این تست شامل موارد زیر است:

1. بخش اول: مکالمه بین دو نفر در یک موقعیت روزمره (مانند مکالمه درباره خدمات یا رزرو)
2. بخش دوم: یک سخنرانی کوتاه درباره یک موضوع عمومی (مانند راهنمایی برای بازدید از یک مکان یا توضیحات درباره یک سرویس)
3. بخش سوم: گفت‌وگو میان چند نفر در یک محیط آموزشی یا دانشگاهی (مانند بحث بین دانشجویان یا مشاوره با استاد)
4. بخش چهارم: یک سخنرانی دانشگاهی با اطلاعات علمی تخصصی

در این مقاله، به بررسی کامل این تست پرداخته و نوع سوالات (مانند Multiple Choice، Form Completion، Diagram Labeling و Sentence Completion)، نکات کلیدی، تکنیک‌های پاسخ‌دهی و راهکارهای مدیریت زمان را تحلیل خواهیم کرد. این راهنما به شما کمک می‌کند تا مهارت‌های لیسنینگ خود را تقویت کرده و نمره بالاتری در آزمون کسب کنید.

برای دیدن بقیه‌ی تحلیل‌ها به لینک زیر بروید:

PART 1 Questions 1-10

📝 Question 1:

"Name of supervisor: 1 ...."
🔹 Correct Answer: Kaeden
📍 Location in Audio Script: "Hello Charlotte. I’m Kaeden, one of the supervisors."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The supervisor introduces himself as "Kaeden" at the start of the conversation. This is a direct statement, requiring no inference.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Charlotte mishears the name as "Aiden", which could be a trap.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay close attention to introductions and names, as they often provide direct answers.

📝 Question 2:

"Where to leave coat and bag: use 2 .... in staffroom"
🔹 Correct Answer: locker(s)
📍 Location in Audio Script: "Put your coat and rucksack in one of the lockers there. Take whichever one is free."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Kaeden explicitly states that coats and rucksacks should be put in "lockers".
⚠️ Potential Traps: The mention of the "staffroom" could mislead the listener into focusing on the wrong part.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Listen for the specific place where items should be stored, not just the general area.

📝 Question 3:

"See Tiffany in HR: to give 3 .... number"
🔹 Correct Answer: passport
📍 Location in Audio Script: "I was told to bring my passport with me. HR need to take a note of the number in it."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The word "number" indicates that a document containing a number is needed.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The audio also mentions an "ID card", but it states that Charlotte does not have one.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Be careful of negated information in the conversation.

📝 Question 4:

"to collect 4 ...."
🔹 Correct Answer: uniform
📍 Location in Audio Script: "Tiffany will give you a uniform."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Kaeden states that Tiffany will give Charlotte a "uniform", directly answering the question.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Other HR-related discussions may distract the listener.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on verbs that indicate an action (e.g., collect, give, receive).

📝 Question 5:

"Location of HR office: on 5 ..... floor"
🔹 Correct Answer: third / 3rd
📍 Location in Audio Script: "The staffroom’s on the first floor, and HR are a couple of floors above that, on the third floor."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The HR office is located two floors above the first floor.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The mention of the "first floor" could mislead listeners.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Listen carefully to location references before choosing an answer.

📝 Question 6:

"Supervisor’s mobile number: 6 ...."
🔹 Correct Answer: 0412 665 903
📍 Location in Audio Script: "It’s oh-four-one-two double-six-five nine-oh-three."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The supervisor directly states his phone number.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Numbers can be easily misheard if not noted correctly.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Be prepared to write down numbers carefully as they are spoken.

📝 Question 7:

"Use 7 .... labels"
🔹 Correct Answer: yellow
📍 Location in Audio Script: "When something needs a new price label, put a yellow one on the package, next to the original price."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The correct color for the labels is yellow.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The mention of "original price" could mislead the listener into focusing on pricing rather than labels.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Ignore distractors that contain relevant but misleading information.

📝 Question 8:

"Re-stock with 8 .... boxes if needed"
🔹 Correct Answer: plastic
📍 Location in Audio Script: "Beneath those is where we keep the plastic boxes - we run out of those really quickly, so you should bring more from the storeroom."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Kaeden explains that they need plastic boxes, not cardboard ones.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The mention of "flat cardboard boxes" may confuse listeners.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on specific material types when answering.

📝 Question 9:

"Collect 9 .... for the fish from the cold-room"
🔹 Correct Answer: ice
📍 Location in Audio Script: "The fish is laid on ice, but when that starts to melt, you’ll need to get more from the cold-room."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The correct item to collect is ice.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The mention of "cold-room" and "fish" might mislead the listener.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the main focus of the question, not just related words.

📝 Question 10:

"Must wear special 10 ...."
🔹 Correct Answer: gloves
📍 Location in Audio Script: "But make sure you put on thermal gloves when you take anything out of the cold-room."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The required item to wear is gloves. The word "thermal" is extra information.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The mention of a "hat" in the conversation could be misleading.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay close attention to required clothing items.

 

KAEDEN: Hello Charlotte. I’m Kaeden, one of the supervisors. Welcome to the team.
CHARLOTTE: Hi Aiden.
KAEDEN: It’s Kaeden. 📍Q1
CHARLOTTE: I’m so sorry.
KAEDEN: Don’t worry. People often get my name wrong; they never know how to spell it. It’s K-A-E-D-E-N, in case you ever need to write it.
CHARLOTTE: I’ll try and remember.
KAEDEN: So, there are a few practical things you need to sort out this morning. Then I’ll show you what you’re going to do today.
CHARLOTTE: The email I received said to go to the front desk, to show my letter of appointment and pick up my badge.
KAEDEN: You’ll need that for the staffroom and other areas of the supermarket where shoppers aren’t allowed. So, after you’ve finished at the front desk, I’ll take you to the staffroom. Put your coat and rucksack in one of the lockers there. Take whichever one is free. 📍Q2
CHARLOTTE: Will I have a key?
KAEDEN: Yes. Try not to lose it. At the end of the day, leave it in the door for the next person to use.
CHARLOTTE: Will do.
KAEDEN: You also need to go to the HR department to see Tiffany. She’s really helpful.
CHARLOTTE: I was told to bring my passport with me. HR need to take a note of the number in it. 📍Q3
KAEDEN: That’s right. Or you can show your ID card.
CHARLOTTE: I don’t have one of those.
KAEDEN: OK. Tiffany will give you a uniform. They have lots in different sizes, so you just tell her what you need. I won’t come with you to HR – I’ve got to go and sort something else out. Problem with a bread slicer. 📍Q4
CHARLOTTE: Is the HR office near the staffroom?
KAEDEN: The staffroom’s on the first floor, and HR are a couple of floors above that, on the third floor. There’s a staircase outside the staffroom. 📍Q5
CHARLOTTE: OK.
KAEDEN: When you’ve finished with HR, come and find me in the bakery section of the shop.
CHARLOTTE: I’m looking forward to getting started.
KAEDEN: I’ll just give you my phone number, in case you can’t find me. Have you got your phone there?
CHARLOTTE: Yes … OK, ready.
KAEDEN: It’s 0412 665 903. 📍Q6
CHARLOTTE: OK, done.

—————————-

KAEDEN: So, Charlotte, your tasks today are in the bakery section, on the sushi counter, and on the meat and fish counters. The first job is to check sell-by dates on the bread and cakes. If any of the dates are today’s, put a new price label on the packaging.
CHARLOTTE: What if any of the labels are yesterday’s dates, or older? Do I throw those items away?
KAEDEN: Yes, but that shouldn’t happen – we check the stock every day. When something needs a new price label, put a yellow one on the package, next to the original price. 📍Q7
CHARLOTTE: OK.
KAEDEN: After that, you’ll go to the sushi takeaway counter.
CHARLOTTE: Will I be preparing boxes of food?
KAEDEN: For today, you’ll just be helping the staff.
CHARLOTTE: Yes, of course.
KAEDEN: You’ll see lots of flat cardboard boxes at one end of the counter. Beneath those is where we keep the plastic boxes – we run out of those really quickly, so you should bring more from the storeroom. 📍Q8
CHARLOTTE: Is that my only task on the sushi counter?
KAEDEN: No. You also need to clean the area where they prepare the dishes. There are cloths and bottles of spray by the sink. Oh, and please make sure you clean that too.
CHARLOTTE: Sure. That’s important, isn’t it?
KAEDEN: Absolutely. But you mustn’t wash up knives. You have to do some training before you’re allowed to touch sharp objects.
CHARLOTTE: What should I do if there are any?
KAEDEN: Ask someone to put them in the dishwasher.
CHARLOTTE: OK, thanks. I don’t want to get anything wrong.
KAEDEN: Don’t worry. You’ll be fine. And I’ll be around to help.
CHARLOTTE: Right.
KAEDEN: Finally, the meat and fish counters. You need to clean the area where staff serve customers, including wiping the weighing scales.
CHARLOTTE: OK. Anything else?
KAEDEN: The fish is laid on ice, but when that starts to melt, you’ll need to get more from the cold-room. 📍Q9
CHARLOTTE: I know the staff on the food counters wear a hat. Will that be the same for me?
KAEDEN: You won’t be serving customers directly, so no. But make sure you put on thermal gloves when you take anything out of the cold-room. The temperature’s low enough in there to get frostbite from touching things. 📍Q10
CHARLOTTE: Understood.

PART 2 Questions 11-20

📝 Questions 11 & 12:
"Which TWO problems with some training programmes for new runners does Liz mention?"
🔹 Correct Answers: C, E
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"However, they don’t work for everyone – especially if you suffer from something like a heart condition or asthma, because they’re aimed at people with average fitness and running ability. Another thing is that everyone is different – and if you have any specific questions related to your needs, there’s no one to provide any answers."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Liz states that the programs are unsuitable for people with health conditions and do not provide individual support. These directly correspond to Option C and E.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Option A (risk of serious injury) could be inferred as a problem, but Liz doesn't mention it explicitly.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for directly stated problems, not just inferences.

📝 Questions 13 & 14:
"Which TWO tips does Liz recommend for new runners?"
🔹 Correct Answers: A, D
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"You should run at a speed that feels comfortable, but time yourself and try to run a bit faster each time... Listening to music can be very helpful... I’d say that is better than running with a friend... but you need to be consistent, so aim to train regularly - twice a week is enough to begin with."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Liz recommends running faster each time and listening to music while running. She also suggests training twice a week. Option A (training twice a week) and Option D (listening to music) are correct.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Liz specifically says she does not recommend running with a friend.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Be careful of phrases that negate an action or indicate a negative opinion.

📝 Question 15:
"Ceri"
🔹 Correct Answer: A (Lack of confidence)
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"She’d always enjoyed running at school but wasn’t sure if she’d be able to do it. She was worried about being left behind and being the slowest runner."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Ceri was worried about her ability and being the slowest runner, which indicates a lack of confidence.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Although Ceri hadn’t run in a while, she previously enjoyed running and wasn't avoiding it due to dislike of running.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Be aware of opinions or feelings about an activity, not just the activity itself.

📝 Question 16:
"James"
🔹 Correct Answer: B (Dislike of running)
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"James had always hated the idea of running but a friend encouraged him to come along for a taster session and he hasn’t looked back."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
James "hated the idea of running," which directly corresponds to dislike of running.
⚠️ Potential Traps: James had a demanding job, but there's no mention that it prevented him from joining (which would relate to lack of time).
⭐ Key Learning Point: Listen for expressions of dislike or negative feelings about an activity.

📝 Question 17:
"Leo"
🔹 Correct Answer: C (Lack of time)
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"Leo was worried about having to commit himself to training sessions every week and wasn’t sure he’d be able to fit training into his busy schedule."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Leo was concerned about fitting training into his schedule, which aligns with lack of time.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Though he had stress at work, the main reason he hesitated was scheduling issues, not stress itself.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on the direct reason someone did not participate, rather than associated details.

📝 Question 18:
"Mark"
🔹 Correct Answer: A (Lack of confidence)
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"It took him months to find the courage to contact us but felt reassured immediately as there were other people his age who were only just taking up running for the first time."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Mark took "months to find the courage," which implies a lack of confidence.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Mark started running later in life, but his hesitation was due to confidence issues, not his age.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for signs of hesitation or fear when identifying confidence-related issues.

📝 Question 19:
"What does Liz say about running her first marathon?"
🔹 Correct Answer: C (She nearly gave up before the end)
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"I managed to complete it in four hours, but I felt like giving up halfway through - it was only the support of the spectators that kept me going."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Liz "felt like giving up halfway through," meaning she nearly quit before finishing.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Liz mentions that her husband runs marathons, but he did not persuade her to do it. The phrase "never dreamed she would do it" is mentioned but is not the main point.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on what was actually said about the event experience, not background details.

📝 Question 20:
"Liz says new runners should sign up for a race..."
🔹 Correct Answer: B (Every six months)
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"I did my first 10K after only six months, which was certainly very challenging and not something I’d necessarily recommend. But after you’ve been training for a few weeks, it’s worth putting your name down for a 5K – some people find they only need a few practice runs before taking part in a race, but I’d give yourself a couple of months at least."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Liz recommends signing up for a 5K after a few weeks of training, and mentions she did her first 10K after six months.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Liz says some runners only need a few practice runs, but her general recommendation is longer than that.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay attention to overall recommendations, rather than exceptions.

My name’s Liz Fuller, and I’m a running coach with Compton Park Runners Club.
Welcome to my podcast. If you’re thinking about taking up running – I’m here to help.

There are many training programmes available online which aim to help people build up to running 5 kilometres. Some of them are great, and thousands of people of all ages are taking part in 5-kilometre races across the country as a result. People like them because they’re easy to follow and don’t push them too hard. However, they don’t work for everyone – especially if you suffer from something like a heart condition or asthma, because they’re aimed at people with average fitness and running ability. Another thing is that everyone is different – and if you have any specific questions related to your needs, there’s no one to provide any answers. 📍Q11/12

I have a couple of simple tips I always give to new runners. I expect you’ve been told to run very slowly until your fitness increases – well, I find that can prevent progress. You should run at a speed that feels comfortable, but time yourself and try to run a bit faster each time. Listening to music can be very helpful – it takes your mind off things and helps your body get into a rhythm. I’d say that is better than running with a friend – especially as most people are competitive, and that’s not what you want when you’re just starting. I don’t think the time of day is especially important – some people are better in the evening, while others are morning people – but you need to be consistent, so aim to train regularly – twice a week is enough to begin with. 📍Q13/14

———————————————

New members often say to me that they’ve been put off running either because they lack confidence, don’t have time, or think they dislike running.

Ceri, for example, joined the club two years ago at the age of 40. She’d always enjoyed running at school but wasn’t sure if she’d be able to do it. She was worried about being left behind and being the slowest runner. But she says she was made to feel so welcome she soon forgot all about that. 📍Q15

James had always hated the idea of running, but a friend encouraged him to come along for a taster session, and he hasn’t looked back. He never misses a training session despite having a really demanding job. 📍Q16

Leo was worried about having to commit himself to training sessions every week and wasn’t sure he’d be able to fit training into his busy schedule. But after experiencing a lot of stress at work, he came along to us and gave it a go. Now he says he feels much more relaxed and looks forward to his weekly run. 📍Q17

Mark is quite typical of our new members. He’s never considered himself to be a sporty person, and it was only when he retired that he decided to take up the challenge of trying to run 5 kilometres. It took him months to find the courage to contact us, but he felt reassured immediately as there were other people his age who were only just taking up running for the first time. 📍Q18

My own journey hasn’t been easy. I did my first marathon when I was 37, after having had two kids. My husband had been running marathons for years, but I never dreamed I’d be doing one with him. I managed to complete it in four hours, but I felt like giving up halfway through – it was only the support of the spectators that kept me going. 📍Q19

I do think signing up for a race of whatever length is motivating – whether it’s 5K or 25K – because it’s good to have something to work towards, and it gives you a sense of achievement. I did my first 10K after only six months, which was certainly very challenging and not something I’d necessarily recommend. But after you’ve been training for a few weeks, it’s worth putting your name down for a 5K – some people find they only need a few practice runs before taking part in a race, but I’d give yourself a couple of months at least. 📍Q20

Well, I hope that’s given…

PART 3 Questions 21-30

📝 Question 21:
"Kieran thinks the packing advice given by Jane’s grandfather is..."
🔹 Correct Answer: A (common sense)
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"He says you have to support the spine otherwise the paper can come away from the cover... Yeah – that’s obvious."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Kieran responds to Jane's grandfather's advice with "that's obvious," indicating that he sees it as common sense.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The advice might be "hard to follow" in terms of effort, but Kieran does not say that.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Note the speaker’s explicit reaction to a statement.

📝 Question 22:
"How does Jane feel about the books her grandfather has given her?"
🔹 Correct Answer: C (They have sentimental value)
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"I should dump them really if they’re going to deteriorate further, but I’d feel bad. They’ll always remind me of him."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Jane states the books remind her of her grandfather, implying sentimental value.
⚠️ Potential Traps: She considers getting rid of them, but this is not her preference since they are meaningful to her.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on the true feelings of a speaker, not just passing thoughts.

📝 Question 23:
"Jane and Kieran agree that hardback books should be..."
🔹 Correct Answer: A (put out on display)
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"Plus, nowadays, people don’t keep them out on shelves as much as they used to... When I visit someone – if they have, say, a colorful book on a table, it’s the first thing I’m drawn to."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Jane says people don’t keep hardbacks on shelves as much, and Kieran notes that displayed books catch his attention.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Gifts are mentioned but not specific to hardback books.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for agreement between speakers.

📝 Question 24:
"While talking about taking a book from a shelf, Jane..."
🔹 Correct Answer: B (describes a childhood experience)
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"He watched me pull a heavy book off the shelf when I was small, and it fell on the floor and broke apart."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Jane recalls a childhood experience when a book broke apart.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Jane's grandfather mentions mistakes, but Jane shares her personal story.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay attention to personal anecdotes.

📝 Question 25:
"What do Jane and Kieran suggest about new books?"
🔹 Correct Answer: C (Not everyone can afford them)
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"New books aren’t cheap, though, are they?... I guess we’re lucky we can buy them."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Kieran says "new books aren’t cheap," and Jane adds that they are lucky to buy them, implying not everyone can afford them.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Jane’s parents are mentioned, but not in this context.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay attention to financial factors mentioned in the conversation.

📝 Question 26:
"rare books"
🔹 Correct Answer: D (on a high shelf)
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"So, he puts them out in the shop but makes sure you need a ladder to get them."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Jane says rare books are placed high up, meaning on a high shelf.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The books are valuable, but they are not hidden in the attic.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay attention to literal descriptions of locations.

📝 Question 27:
"children’s books"
🔹 Correct Answer: F (in a specially designed space)
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"He’s got a dedicated area on the ground floor with cushions so that parents can enter with their toddlers, go there and spend some time reading to them."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Jane describes a dedicated area for children’s books, meaning they are in a specially designed space.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Sitting under the stairs as a child is mentioned, but not where the books are kept.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Note the purpose of a space.

📝 Question 28:
"unwanted books"
🔹 Correct Answer: A (near the entrance)
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"He just leaves unwanted books by the front door for customers to take."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Jane says unwanted books are left by the front door, meaning they are near the entrance.
⚠️ Potential Traps: There is a storage area at the back, but unwanted books are not kept there.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Listen for exact locations.

📝 Question 29:
"requested books"
🔹 Correct Answer: C (at the back of the shop)
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"And books people or institutions have requested, they all go at the far end."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Jane states requested books are "at the far end," meaning at the back of the shop.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Books are boxed and new, but that is not the answer.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on spatial clues such as "far end."

📝 Question 30:
"coursebooks"
🔹 Correct Answer: G (within the café)
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"They’re actually part of the coffee shop, on low shelves all around it."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Jane says coursebooks are part of the coffee shop, meaning they are within the café.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Coursebooks were previously on the first floor, but that is not their current location.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Listen for current locations and ignore outdated information.

KIERAN: So Jane – you’ll be off to Denmark soon to do your work placement.
JANE: Yes, I’m really looking forward to it, and I’ve just started packing up all my books to put in storage.
KIERAN: Well, I hope they don’t get spoilt.
JANE: It’s OK – my grandfather works in a bookshop, and he told me how to pack them.
KIERAN: Oh, that’s helpful.
JANE: He says you have to support the spine, otherwise the paper can come away from the cover. 📍Q21
KIERAN: Yeah – that’s obvious.
JANE: He also told me to pack them flat in the box, not on their side – again because they can bend, and if you leave them like that for, say, a year, it’s quite hard to get them back to their normal shape.
KIERAN: Well, it’s pretty clear that ruins them, but a lot of people just can’t be bothered to protect their books.
JANE: He always says it’s such a shame that publishers don’t use better-quality paper.
KIERAN: It’s the acid in the paper that causes the problem, isn’t it?
JANE: Yeah – that’s why old books go yellow. You know, some of the books my grandfather’s given me are like that already.
KIERAN: Oh . . .
JANE: I should dump them really if they’re going to deteriorate further, but I’d feel bad. They’ll always remind me of him. He’s quite a collector, you know. 📍Q22
KIERAN: Well, if they’re important to you . . .
JANE: Yeah – I’d regret just throwing them away.
KIERAN: You know, maybe it’s because I was taught to treasure books . . . but I hate seeing students force open the pages of paperbacks. They press so hard they end up breaking the spine.
JANE: I know, but unfortunately, paperbacks aren’t designed to last a long time, and people know that. Hardbacks aren’t quite as weak.
KIERAN: Yeah, they’re different, I suppose. But I still don’t think people value hardbacks like they used to.
JANE: Well, they aren’t decorative, are they, like other objects? Plus, nowadays, people don’t keep them out on shelves as much as they used to.
KIERAN: That’s such a pity. When I visit someone – if they have, say, a colorful book on a table, it’s the first thing I’m drawn to. 📍Q23
JANE: I agree – and book covers can be a work of art in themselves. Some are really eye-catching.
KIERAN: I’ve always been taught to handle books carefully. If you watch someone take a book off a shelf, well, they usually do it wrong.
JANE: Ah, my grandfather says you should put your hand right over the top of the book . . . or if you can’t do that, pull the other books on the shelf aside so that you can hold the whole cover.
KIERAN: When did you learn all this?
JANE: He watched me pull a heavy book off the shelf when I was small, and it fell on the floor and broke apart. 📍Q24
KIERAN: Oh dear!
JANE: I can still remember it!
KIERAN: You know what I really like?
JANE: What?
KIERAN: The smell of new books.
JANE: Me too.
KIERAN: My parents used to laugh at me when I was a kid because I loved putting books up to my nose. Almost as much as reading them!
KIERAN: New books aren’t cheap, though, are they? 📍Q25
JANE: I guess we’re lucky we can buy them.
KIERAN: My grandfather stocks second-hand books as well as new ones, and they don’t smell quite as good.

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KIERAN: I’d love to have a bookshop like your grandfather. What’s it like?
JANE: Well, it’s quite big – it’s got two floors and an attic, and he stocks all kinds of books, really.
KIERAN: I guess he treasures things like first editions and other rare books.
JANE: Yeah – you might think he’d keep those in the attic or somewhere.
KIERAN: . . . so they’d be hidden?
JANE: Yeah. But he likes people to know that he has them. So, he puts them out in the shop but makes sure you need a ladder to get them. 📍Q26
KIERAN: Right. That would prevent any thefts!
JANE: Uhuh.
KIERAN: Does he stock books for children?
JANE: He does. He particularly likes to encourage kids to read; he always says that he used to sit under the stairs as a child with a pile of books and read them all.
KIERAN: Is that where he keeps them, then?
JANE: Not exactly – he’s got a dedicated area on the ground floor with cushions so that parents can enter with their toddlers, go there, and spend some time reading to them. 📍Q27
KIERAN: Oh cool.
JANE: And then there’s a place for pushchairs by the front door. And a café if anyone needs refreshments.
KIERAN: That’s good to know.
JANE: As I said, it’s a big shop, and there’s a storage area out the back as well.
KIERAN: Oh, what does he keep there? Books he wants to throw away?
JANE: He hardly ever throws anything away – he just leaves unwanted books by the front door for customers to take. 📍Q28
KIERAN: Well, that’s very nice.
JANE: Yeah – and books people or institutions have requested, they all go at the far end. 📍Q29
KIERAN: Oh.
JANE: He thinks it’s best to keep these out of the main shopping area as they’re boxed and new.
KIERAN: Did you get your coursebooks from him?
JANE: Naturally. He stocks books for a lot of the colleges. He used to keep these books on the first floor, but now there’s a new university in my hometown, he’s moved them downstairs to attract the students. They’re actually part of the coffee shop, on low shelves all around it. 📍Q30
KIERAN: Pretty central then. You’ll have to take me there some time!

PART 4 Questions 31-40

📝 Question 31:
"Not include invasive species because of possible 31 ... with native species."
🔹 Correct Answer: competition
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"Invasive species are a significant contributor to the current global biodiversity crisis and are often in competition with native species and may threaten their long-term survival."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
The audio mentions that invasive species are often in competition with native species.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The phrase "threaten their long-term survival" could be distracting, but the key word is "competition."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on the correct type of action that the text indicates.

📝 Question 32:
"Aim to capture carbon, protect the environment and provide sustainable sources of 32 ...."
🔹 Correct Answer: food
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"These could include selecting trees that can contribute to wildlife conservation, improve the availability of food for the local community."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Reforestation should "improve the availability of food for the local community."
⚠️ Potential Traps: The audio mentions wildlife conservation, but the question focuses on sustainable sources.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify which factor the question is asking about.

📝 Question 33:
"Use tree seeds with a high genetic diversity to increase resistance to 33 .... and climate change."
🔹 Correct Answer: disease
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"Using seeds with low genetic diversity generally lowers the resilience of restored forests, which can make them vulnerable to disease and unable to adapt to climate change."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
The audio states that low genetic diversity makes forests vulnerable to disease.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Climate change is also mentioned but is not the specific answer required.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify what genetic diversity directly affects.

📝 Question 34:
"Plant trees on previously forested land which is in a bad condition, not select land which is being used for 34 ...."
🔹 Correct Answer: agriculture
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"Reforesting areas which are currently exploited for agriculture should be avoided as this often leads to other areas being deforested."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Reforesting agricultural land should be avoided as it leads to deforestation elsewhere.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Natural grasslands or savannas are also mentioned, but not in the context of previously forested land.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Choose the answer that fits the question's context.

📝 Question 35:
"Base planning decisions on information from accurate 35 ...."
🔹 Correct Answer: maps
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"Having detailed and up-to-date maps identifying high-priority areas for intervention is essential."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
The script emphasizes the importance of accurate maps for planning.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The words planning, locations, and prioritizing may be distracting, but maps is the key term.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific source of information being referenced.

📝 Question 36:
"Drones are useful for identifying areas in Brazil which are endangered by keeping 36 .... and illegal logging."
🔹 Correct Answer: cattle
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"In Brazil, it’s being used to identify and quantify how parts of the Amazon are being devastated by human activities such as rearing cattle and illegal logging."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Drones identify areas in Brazil affected by cattle farming and illegal logging.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Illegal logging is part of the sentence but not the missing word.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify what is causing environmental damage.

📝 Question 37:
"Increasing the 37 .... of recovery by attracting animals and birds e.g."
🔹 Correct Answer: speed
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"They accelerate the speed of the recovery process by attracting animals and birds which act as natural seed dispersers."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Figs "accelerate the speed of recovery" by attracting animals.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The script also discusses diversity, but the focus here is speed.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Pay attention to process descriptions.

📝 Question 38:
"E.g., 38 .... were soon attracted to the area."
🔹 Correct Answer: monkeys
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"After only three rainy seasons, monkeys started visiting to eat the fig fruits, naturally dispersing seeds through defecation."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
Monkeys were specifically mentioned as being attracted to the area.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Other animals may be mentioned, but monkeys are the given example.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Pick the specific example given in the script.

📝 Question 39:
"Destruction of mangrove forests in Madagascar made it difficult for people to make a living from 39 ...."
🔹 Correct Answer: fishing
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"Destruction of the mangrove forests had a terrible impact on plant and animal life, and also badly affected the fishing industry, which was a major source of employment for local people living in coastal areas."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
The destruction of mangrove forests badly affected the fishing industry.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The script mentions employment, but the specific affected industry is fishing.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Identify the specific economic activity affected.

📝 Question 40:
"The mangrove reforestation project: ... Protects against the higher risk of 40 ...."
🔹 Correct Answer: flooding
📍 Location in Audio Script:
"The mangroves also act as a defence against the increased threat of flooding caused by climate change."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer:
The script states that mangroves act as a defense against flooding.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Climate change is mentioned as a cause, but the specific risk is flooding.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Focus on the direct consequence mentioned.

Tree planting now dominates political and popular agendas and is often presented as an easy answer to the climate crisis, as well as a way for business corporations to offset their carbon emissions. But unfortunately, tree planting isn’t as straightforward as some people think. When the wrong trees are planted in the wrong place, it can do considerably more damage than good, failing to help either people or the environment.

Reforestation projects are currently being undertaken on a huge scale in many countries, and it’s crucial that the right trees are selected. A mix of species should always be planted, typical of the local natural forest ecosystem, and should include rare and endangered species in order to create a rich ecosystem. It’s important to avoid non-native species that could become invasive. Invasive species are a significant contributor to the current global biodiversity crisis, as they are often in competition with native species and may threaten their long-term survival. 📍Q31

Restoring biodiversity that will maximise carbon capture is key when reforesting an area, but ideally, any reforestation project should have several goals. These could include selecting trees that can contribute to wildlife conservation, improve the availability of food for the local community, 📍Q32 and maintain the stability of soil systems. Meeting as many of these goals as possible, whilst doing no harm to local communities, native ecosystems, and vulnerable species, is the sign of a highly successful tree-planting scheme. To ensure the survival and resilience of a planted forest, it’s vital to use tree seeds with appropriate levels of genetic diversity: the amount of genetic variation found within a species is essential for their survival. Using seeds with low genetic diversity generally lowers the resilience of restored forests, which can make them vulnerable to disease and unable to adapt to climate change. 📍Q33

Choosing the right location for reforestation projects is as important as choosing the right trees. Ultimately, the best area for planting trees would be in formerly forested areas that are in poor condition. It’s better to avoid non-forested landscapes such as natural grasslands, savannas, or wetlands as these ecosystems already contribute greatly to capturing carbon. It would also be advantageous to choose an area where trees could provide other benefits, such as recreational spaces. Reforesting areas that are currently exploited for agriculture should be avoided, as this often leads to other areas being deforested. 📍Q34

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Large-scale reforestation projects require careful planning. Making the right decisions about where to plant trees depends on having the right information. Having detailed and up-to-date maps identifying high-priority areas for intervention is essential. 📍Q35 Drone technology is a useful tool in helping to prioritise and monitor areas of degraded forest for restoration. In Brazil, it’s being used to identify and quantify how parts of the Amazon are being devastated by human activities such as rearing cattle and illegal logging. 📍Q36

A good example of where the right trees were picked to achieve a restored forest is in Lampang Province in Northern Thailand. A previously forested site that had been degraded through mining was reforested by a cement company together with Chiang Mai University. After spreading 60 cm of topsoil, they planted 14 different native tree species, which included several species of fig. Figs are a keystone species because of the critical role they play in maintaining wildlife populations. They are central to tropical reforestation projects as they accelerate the speed of the recovery process by attracting animals and birds which act as natural seed dispersers. 📍Q37 This helps to promote diversity through the healthy regrowth of a wide range of plant species. Unlike most fruit trees, figs bear fruit all year round, providing a reliable food source for many species. At this site, for example, after only three rainy seasons, monkeys started visiting to eat the fig fruits, naturally dispersing seeds through defecation. 📍Q38

Reforestation projects should always aim to make sure that local communities are consulted and involved in the decision-making process.
The restoration of mangrove forests in Madagascar is an example of a project that has succeeded in creating real benefits for the community. Destruction of the mangrove forests had a terrible impact on plant and animal life and also badly affected the fishing industry, which was a major source of employment for local people living in coastal areas. 📍Q39 The reforestation project involved hiring local people to plant and care for the new mangrove trees. Millions of mangrove trees have now been planted, which has resulted in the return of a healthy aquatic ecosystem. The mangroves also act as a defence against the increased threat of flooding caused by climate change. What’s more, the local economy is more stable, and thousands more Madagascans are now able to send their children to school. 📍Q40

One other important point to consider …