تحلیل ریدینگ آیلتس آکادمیک کمبریج 17 - تست 3: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

مقدمه: 

بخش ریدینگ آیلتس آکادمیک یکی از مهارت‌های حیاتی در آزمون آیلتس است که نیازمند درک سریع و دقیق متون علمی، مدیریت زمان و تسلط بر انواع سوالات می‌باشد. در این مقاله، تحلیل تست ۳ ریدینگ از کتاب آیلتس کمبریج ۱۷ (Cambridge IELTS 17) را ارائه می‌دهیم. هدف ما بررسی ساختار متن‌ها، استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی و نکات کلیدی برای کمک به داوطلبان در کسب نمره بهتر در این بخش است. این تست شامل سه متن آکادمیک است که به ترتیب سطح دشواری آن‌ها افزایش می‌یابد. داوطلبان باید با انواع سوالات مانند True/False/Not Given، Matching Headings، Multiple Choice و Summary Completion آشنا باشند و استراتژی‌های مناسبی برای هر نوع سوال اتخاذ کنند. در این مقاله، به بررسی نکات کلیدی متن‌ها، تحلیل دقیق سوالات، شناسایی اشتباهات رایج و ارائه روش‌های بهینه برای بهبود سرعت و دقت در پاسخ‌دهی خواهیم پرداخت. با مطالعه این راهنما، می‌توانید نقاط ضعف خود را تقویت کرده و عملکرد بهتری در بخش ریدینگ آیلتس داشته باشید.

برای دیدن بقیه‌ی تحلیل‌ها به لینک زیر بروید:

پالت ناوبری سوالات

QUESTIONS 1-5 (Passage 1: The Thylacine)

📝 Question 1:

The thylacine ate an entirely 1.... diet.

🔹 Correct Answer: Carnivorous
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states the thylacine was "exclusively carnivorous" in its feeding habits. "Exclusively" is a direct synonym for "entirely."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Overlooking the synonym match and providing too many words (e.g., "exclusively carnivorous"). The required answer is one word.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for adjectives or compound adjectives that modify the word "diet" and ensure the answer respects the word count (one word).

📝 Question 2:

The thylacine probably depended mainly on 2.... when hunting.

🔹 Correct Answer: Scent
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage suggests: "During long-distance chases, thylacines were likely to have relied more on scent than any other sense." This confirms that scent was its primary tool for hunting (main dependence).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Mentioning "long pursuit" (the method) instead of the sense used (scent).
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "relied more on X than any other sense" is a definitive signal for "mainly depended on X."

📝 Question 3:

The young thylacine spent the first months of life inside its mother’s 3....

🔹 Correct Answer: Pouch
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states: "Newborns crawled into the pouch on the belly of their mother, and attached themselves to one of the four teats, remaining there for up to three months." This specifies the location for the initial months.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing the place of attachment ("teats") with the place of residence ("pouch").
⭐ Key Learning Point: The thylacine is a marsupial, and the "pouch" is the specific term required for the early months.

📝 Question 4:

The last evidence in mainland Australia is a 3,100-year-old 4....

🔹 Correct Answer: Fossil
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage specifies the evidence: "The most recent, well-dated occurrence of a thylacine on the mainland is a carbon-dated fossil from Murray Cave in Western Australia, which is around 3,100 years old."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Providing the location ("Murray Cave") instead of the type of evidence ("fossil").
⭐ Key Learning Point: The question asks for the type of evidence (noun) that is 3,100 years old.

📝 Question 5:

Reduction in 5.... and available sources of food were partly responsible for the decline in Tasmania.

🔹 Correct Answer: Habitat
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text lists factors for the decline: "loss of habitat along with the disappearance of prey species..." "Loss of habitat" is a synonym for "Reduction in habitat."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Listing the other factor ("wild dogs") which is not paired with "reduction" and "food sources."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for synonyms: "Reduction in" equals "loss of."

QUESTIONS 6-13 (Passage 1: The Thylacine)

📝 Question 6:

Significant numbers of thylacines were killed by humans from the 1830s onwards.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states the decline "began in the 1830s and continued for a century, is generally attributed to the relentless efforts of sheep farmers and bounty hunters with shotguns." "Relentless efforts" confirms that a "significant number" were killed.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a direct confirmation of the core statement.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Match the timing ("1830s") and the extent of the action ("relentless efforts") to confirm TRUE.

📝 Question 7:

Several thylacines were born in zoos during the late 1800s.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text says, "There was only one successful attempt to breed a thylacine in captivity, at Melbourne Zoo in 1899." "Only one successful attempt" directly contradicts the statement that "several" were born.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Reading too quickly and seeing "large numbers that went through some zoos" and assuming they bred successfully.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The definitive modifier "only one" is the evidence needed to prove the statement (several) is FALSE.

📝 Question 8:

John Gould’s prediction about the thylacine surprised some biologists.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage quotes Gould’s prediction but gives no information about the reaction to it, specifically whether any biologists were surprised or not.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Inferring surprise from the strong language of the prediction.
⭐ Key Learning Point: An emotional or reaction-based detail (surprised) is NOT GIVEN if only the event (the prediction) is mentioned.

📝 Question 9:

In the early 1900s, many scientists became worried about the possible extinction of the thylacine.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text says "nor was much concern expressed by scientists at the decline... A notable exception was T.T. Flynn." This means that most scientists were *not* worried, directly contradicting the claim that "many" were.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Focusing on the exception (Flynn) and ignoring the general lack of concern.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "not much concern" is the key indicator for FALSE, in opposition to "many scientists became worried."

📝 Question 10:

T.T. Flynn’s proposal to rehome captive thylacines on an island proved to be impractical.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage mentions Flynn's suggestion to "capture and place some on a small island." However, there is no information on whether this proposal was implemented, or whether it was judged practical or impractical.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Assuming the lack of mention of it being implemented implies impracticality.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The outcome or feasibility of the proposal is the detail that is NOT GIVEN.

📝 Question 11:

There were still reasonable numbers of thylacines in existence when a piece of legislation protecting the species during their breeding season was passed.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states the legislation was passed "not until 1929, with the species on the very edge of extinction." "Very edge of extinction" contradicts the statement that there were "reasonable numbers" remaining.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Thinking that any legislation means there must have been enough animals left to save.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "on the very edge of extinction" is a definitive signal for FALSE against the claim of "reasonable numbers."

📝 Question 12:

From 1930 to 1936, the only known living thylacines were all in captivity.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage states: "The last known wild thylacine to be killed was shot... in 1930, leaving just captive specimens." The last captive one died in 1936. Thus, from 1930 to 1936, only captive ones were known to exist.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing the wild death date (1930) with the captive death date (1936).
⭐ Key Learning Point: This is a time-based sequencing question. The death of the last wild one in 1930 sets the stage for the next six years.

📝 Question 13:

Attempts to find living thylacines are now rarely made.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 8
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text only states: "There have been numerous expeditions and searches for the thylacine over the years..." It does not specify the current frequency (whether they are rarely made now, or if they are still numerous).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Assuming "numerous... over the years" means they've stopped.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The current frequency ("now rarely made") is a detail NOT GIVEN.

QUESTIONS 14-20 (Passage 2: The Truth about Palm Oil)

📝 Question 14:

examples of a range of potential environmental advantages of oil palm tree cultivation

🔹 Correct Answer: F
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph F
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: This paragraph discusses the high yield of palm oil (4-10 times more per hectare) and concludes that this "immensely high yield... is potentially also an ecological benefit" because less land needs to be cleared overall.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Focusing only on the statistics and missing the concluding interpretation about environmental advantage.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the words that signal an advantage (e.g., "ecological benefit") to confirm the match.

📝 Question 15:

description of an organization which controls the environmental impact of palm oil production

🔹 Correct Answer: G
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph G
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Paragraph G introduces and describes the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), detailing its role in establishing standards for producers to be "officially ‘sustainable’."
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a direct match to the main topic of the paragraph.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The question requires the name and description of the controlling body, which is provided here.

📝 Question 16:

examples of the widespread global use of palm oil

🔹 Correct Answer: A
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph A
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: This paragraph states palm oil is "the most consumed vegetable oil in the world" and gives specific examples: "the soap we wash with... the sandwich we have for lunch, and the biscuits we snack on..."
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The examples confirm "widespread global use."
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for a list of products or applications to confirm "examples of widespread use."

📝 Question 17:

reference to a particular species which could benefit the ecosystem of oil palm plantations

🔹 Correct Answer: H
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph H
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: This paragraph focuses on the bird’s nest fern (Asplenium nidus) and how reintroducing it could "allow these areas to recover their biodiversity." This species is mentioned as the one that could benefit the ecosystem.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing the endangered species (orangutan, etc.) with the species that could help restore the ecosystem.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the phrase "could benefit" or "restore biodiversity" paired with a specific species name.

📝 Question 18:

figures illustrating the rapid expansion of the palm oil industry

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Paragraph B provides statistics like the growth from "6 to 17 million hectares" and from "two million tonnes... to around 60 million tonnes" annually. These numbers illustrate "rapid expansion."
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The numbers clearly support the "rapid expansion" claim.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The question asks for "figures illustrating," so the paragraph must contain comparative statistics over time.

📝 Question 19:

an economic justification for not opposing the palm oil industry

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph discusses the "argument for the vital role palm oil plays in lifting many millions of people in the developing world out of poverty" as a counter-argument to boycotts. This is an economic justification.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Focusing on the word "boycott" and missing the core economic argument presented as a counterpoint.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for phrases related to poverty, livelihoods, or economic factors used to defend the industry.

📝 Question 20:

examples of creatures badly affected by the establishment of oil palm plantations

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: This paragraph lists the victims: "Endangered species – most famously the Sumatran orangutan, but also rhinos, elephants, tigers, and numerous other fauna – have suffered..."
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The list of endangered species directly answers the question.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The question requires a list of creatures that have "suffered" due to habitat destruction.

QUESTIONS 21 & 22 (Passage 2: The Truth about Palm Oil)

📝 Question 21 & 22:

Which TWO statements are made about the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)?

🔹 Correct Answers: B (Certified producers are required to be transparent about their practices) and C (Establishing its criteria took a long time)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph G
🔹 Analysis of the Answer (B): The text states the RSPO "insists upon... transparency," which directly supports the requirement for producers to be open about their practices.
🔹 Analysis of the Answer (C): The text mentions, "Over the past decade or so, an agreement has gradually been reached regarding standards." "Gradually" and "over the past decade" imply that the process took a long time.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Option E is tempting but the text only mentions that the RSPO "insists upon no virgin forest clearing," not that it was formed *specifically* due to environmentalist pressure about that.
⭐ Key Learning Point: For multi-choice questions, verify both correct options against explicit evidence in the relevant paragraph.

QUESTIONS 23-26 (Passage 2: The Truth about Palm Oil)

📝 Question 23:

One advantage of palm oil for manufacturers is that it stays ______ even when not refrigerated.

🔹 Correct Answer: Solid
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph A
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text mentions palm oil's "unique properties – such as remaining solid at room temperature – make it an ideal ingredient for long-term preservation." "Remaining solid" is the property that helps preservation, and "room temperature" is a state where it is "not refrigerated."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "room temperature" or "preservation." The question asks what state it stays in.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The question asks for the state (adjective) that persists when the oil is not cooled.

📝 Question 24:

The ______ is the best known of the animals suffering habitat loss as a result of the spread of oil palm plantations.

🔹 Correct Answer: Sumatran orangutan
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage lists endangered species, specifying: "Endangered species – most famously the Sumatran orangutan, but also rhinos..." "Most famously" confirms this is the "best known" animal.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Only using "orangutan" or listing other animals. The full name is given and must be used as it is NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "most famously" is the definitive clue for the "best known" animal.

📝 Question 25:

As one of its criteria for the certification of sustainable palm oil, the RSPO insists that growers check ______ on a routine basis.

🔹 Correct Answer: Carbon stocks
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph G
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states the RSPO insists upon: "transparency and regular assessment of carbon stocks, among other criteria." "Regular assessment" means checking on a "routine basis."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "regular assessment" or "transparency." The direct object of the check is required.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Match the synonym: "regular assessment" is equivalent to "check on a routine basis."

📝 Question 26:

Ellwood and his researchers are looking into whether the bird’s nest fern could restore ______ in areas where oil palm trees are grown.

🔹 Correct Answer: Biodiversity
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph H
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Paragraph H explains Ellwood's belief that reintroducing the fern could "potentially allow these areas to recover their biodiversity." "Recover" is a synonym for "restore."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Listing the types of species that would return (fungi, bacteria, etc.).
⭐ Key Learning Point: The question asks what property would be "restored" or "recovered."

QUESTIONS 27-31 (Passage 3: Review of Building the Skyline)

📝 Question 27:

What point does Shester make about Barr’s book in the first paragraph?

🔹 Correct Answer: D. It covers a range of factors that affected the development of New York.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Shester notes the book "combines geology, history, economics, and a lot of data to explain why business clusters developed..." The mention of these diverse fields confirms it covers a range of factors.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Focusing only on the data aspect (Option C) and missing the breadth of subjects.
⭐ Key Learning Point: A list of subjects (geology, history, economics) is strong evidence for "a range of factors."

📝 Question 28:

How does Shester respond to the information in the book about tenements?

🔹 Correct Answer: B. She indicates a potential problem with Barr’s analysis.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Shester asks, "It is not obvious why slum clearance would be limiting, while more expensive foundations would not." This questions the logic and consistency of Barr’s argument, indicating a potential problem in his analysis.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Option A (agreeing with Barr). The sentence structure shows clear doubt.
⭐ Key Learning Point: A rhetorical question or a statement of inconsistency (e.g., "not obvious why") is often used to signal criticism or a problem in analysis.

📝 Question 29:

What does Shester say about chapter six of the book?

🔹 Correct Answer: C. It is too specialised for most readers.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Shester concludes the discussion of Chapter 6 by saying it "is probably more technical than would be preferred by a general audience." "More technical" means too specialised for a non-expert (general audience).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Missing the qualifier: she notes it's *less* technical than the source paper, but *still* too technical for a general audience.
⭐ Key Learning Point: "More technical than... general audience" is a direct synonym for "too specialised for most readers."

📝 Question 30:

What does Shester suggest about the chapters focusing on the 1920s building boom?

🔹 Correct Answer: D. Some parts will have limited appeal to certain people.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 8
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Shester states that Chapter 8 contains "lengthy discussions of urban economic theory that may serve as a distraction to readers primarily interested in New York." This shows that those parts will have limited appeal to the New York history audience.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Option A is contradicted by the statement that the content is "well-suited for undergraduates."
⭐ Key Learning Point: The word "distraction" for a specific group of readers signals that the content has limited appeal for them.

📝 Question 31:

What impresses Shester the most about the chapter on land values?

🔹 Correct Answer: C. the nature of the research into the topic
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 10
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Shester explicitly states, "The data work that went into these estimations is particularly impressive." "Data work" is part of the research methodology, which she finds most impressive.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Option B is part of the finding, but the admiration is for the *process* (data work), not the *conclusion*.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "particularly impressive" indicates the aspect she admires most, and that aspect is the groundwork/research ("data work").

QUESTIONS 32-35 (Passage 3: Review of Building the Skyline)

📝 Question 32:

The description in the first chapter of how New York probably looked from the air in the early 1600s lacks interest.

🔹 Correct Answer: NO
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Shester describes the account as "giving a fascinating account of how the New York landscape in 1609 might have looked from the sky." "Fascinating" directly contradicts the claim that it "lacks interest."
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a direct contradiction.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The use of a strong positive adjective ("fascinating") is the key evidence for NO.

📝 Question 33:

Chapters two and three prepare the reader well for material yet to come.

🔹 Correct Answer: YES
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Shester states the chapters "are informative and well researched and set the stage for the economic analysis that comes later in the book." "Set the stage" is a synonym for "prepare the reader well."
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a clear confirmation.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "set the stage" is the functional confirmation for YES.

📝 Question 34:

The biggest problem for many nineteenth-century New York immigrant neighbourhoods was a lack of amenities.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage discusses the lack of amenities (poor water, sanitation, disease) but does not state that this was the *biggest* problem, nor does it compare it to other potential issues.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Seeing "lack of amenities" and assuming it must have been the biggest issue.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The superlative modifier ("biggest") must be confirmed in the text; if missing, the answer is NOT GIVEN.

📝 Question 35:

In the nineteenth century, New York’s immigrant neighbourhoods tended to concentrate around the harbor.

🔹 Correct Answer: NO
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states they were "located on the least valuable land, between the industries located on the waterfront and the wealthy neighborhoods bordering Central Park." This suggests a location near the harbor but not necessarily concentrated *around* it, but rather spread out between two key points.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing "on the waterfront" with "concentrated around the harbor." The "between" phrase suggests a more intermediate location.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The "between" relationship suggests the area was a buffer zone, contradicting the idea of concentration directly around the harbor.

QUESTIONS 36-40 (Passage 3: Review of Building the Skyline)

📝 Question 36:

Skyscrapers are absent from 36....

🔹 Correct Answer: H (Specific areas)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7 (First sentence)
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph tackles the "bedrock myth," which relates to "the reason for skyscrapers not being built between the two urban centers [Downtown and Midtown]." This unbuilt area is a specific area.
⚠️ Potential Traps: The question is introductory; don't give the reason yet.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The absence is noted in "between the two urban centers," which is matched to Specific areas.

📝 Question 37:

The cost of foundations cannot be regarded as 37....

🔹 Correct Answer: D (Excessive expense)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7 (Second sentence)
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Barr argues that costs "were neither prohibitively high nor were they large..." "Prohibitively high" is a synonym for excessive expense.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The double negative is the main clue.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "neither prohibitively high" is a direct denial of excessive expense.

📝 Question 38:

Especially when compared to 38....

🔹 Correct Answer: I (Total expenditure)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7 (Second sentence)
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The sentence continues to say the costs were not large "compared to the overall cost of building a skyscraper." "Overall cost" is a synonym for total expenditure.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The sentence structure requires a comparative element.
⭐ Key Learning Point: "Overall cost" is a direct synonym for Total expenditure.

📝 Question 39:

He describes not only how 39.... are made possible by the use of caissons.

🔹 Correct Answer: B (Deep excavations)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7 (Caisson sentence)
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Barr explains caissons allow workers to "dig down for considerable distances, often below the water table, until they reach bedrock." "Dig down for considerable distances" is a perfect match for Deep excavations.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "workers" or "bedrock" which are involved but not the main achievement enabled.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The use of "dig down for considerable distances" is the functional description of Deep excavations.

📝 Question 40:

...but he also discusses their 40....

🔹 Correct Answer: F (Associated risks)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 7 (Final caisson sentence)
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The final sentence on the topic states he discusses "not only how caissons work, but also the dangers involved." "Dangers involved" is a direct synonym for associated risks.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The word "dangers" is the key.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "dangers involved" directly translates to Associated risks.