تحلیل ریدینگ آیلتس آکادمیک کمبریج 15 - تست 1: بررسی سوالات، نکات کلیدی و استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی

مقدمه: 

بخش ریدینگ آیلتس آکادمیک یکی از مهارت‌های حیاتی در آزمون آیلتس است که نیازمند درک سریع و دقیق متون علمی، مدیریت زمان و تسلط بر انواع سوالات می‌باشد. در این مقاله، تحلیل تست ۱ ریدینگ از کتاب آیلتس کمبریج ۱۵ (Cambridge IELTS 15) را ارائه می‌دهیم. هدف ما بررسی ساختار متن‌ها، استراتژی‌های پاسخ‌دهی و نکات کلیدی برای کمک به داوطلبان در کسب نمره بهتر در این بخش است. این تست شامل سه متن آکادمیک است که به ترتیب سطح دشواری آن‌ها افزایش می‌یابد. داوطلبان باید با انواع سوالات مانند True/False/Not Given، Matching Headings، Multiple Choice و Summary Completion آشنا باشند و استراتژی‌های مناسبی برای هر نوع سوال اتخاذ کنند. در این مقاله، به بررسی نکات کلیدی متن‌ها، تحلیل دقیق سوالات، شناسایی اشتباهات رایج و ارائه روش‌های بهینه برای بهبود سرعت و دقت در پاسخ‌دهی خواهیم پرداخت. با مطالعه این راهنما، می‌توانید نقاط ضعف خود را تقویت کرده و عملکرد بهتری در بخش ریدینگ آیلتس داشته باشید.

برای دیدن بقیه‌ی تحلیل‌ها به لینک زیر بروید:

پالت ناوبری سوالات

QUESTIONS 1-4 (Passage 1: The Nutmeg Tree)

📝 Question 1:

The tree is thickly branched with dense foliage of tough, dark green 1.... leaves.

🔹 Correct Answer: Oval
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The leaves are described as "thickly branched with dense foliage of tough, dark green oval leaves."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using a different adjective like "tough" or "dark green." The shape is required.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The question asks for the shape of the leaves (adjective).

📝 Question 2:

The fruit is encased in a fleshy 2....

🔹 Correct Answer: Husk
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The fruit's covering is described as "The fruit is encased in a fleshy husk."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using the adjective "fleshy." The noun for the covering is required.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The word that follows the phrase "encased in a fleshy" is the Husk.

📝 Question 3:

Nutmeg is produced from the dried 3....

🔹 Correct Answer: Seed
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage clarifies the source of the spices: "the former [nutmeg] being produced from the dried seed and the latter [mace] from the aril."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "aril" (which produces mace) or "nutmeg" (the product). The source material is required.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The raw material for nutmeg is the dried Seed.

📝 Question 4:

and 4.... is produced from the aril.

🔹 Correct Answer: Mace
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The sentence continues: "and the latter [mace] from the aril."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "nutmeg" or "aril." The name of the spice from the aril is required.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The question asks for the second spice, Mace.

QUESTIONS 5-7 (Passage 1: The Nutmeg Tree)

📝 Question 5:

Most European citizens were aware of the origin of nutmeg during the Middle Ages.

🔹 Correct Answer: FALSE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states the Arabs "never revealed the exact location of the source of this extremely valuable commodity." Since the sole importers kept the source a secret, it is impossible that "Most European citizens were aware."
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The secrecy is clearly stated.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "never revealed the exact location" is the definitive evidence for FALSE.

📝 Question 6:

The VOC was the world’s first major trading company.

🔹 Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage states the VOC was founded in 1602 and was "the richest commercial operation in the world" by 1617. However, it does not state that it was the *first* major trading company.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing "richest" (economic superlative) with "first" (chronological superlative).
⭐ Key Learning Point: The superlative claim "first major" is not addressed in the text.

📝 Question 7:

The Dutch gained a monopoly on the nutmeg trade after the Treaty of Breda.

🔹 Correct Answer: TRUE
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph details the compromise ("Treaty of Breda") with the British over the island of Run, concluding that "The Dutch now had a monopoly over the nutmeg trade which would last for another century."
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. This is a direct factual statement about the outcome of the treaty.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "now had a monopoly" confirms TRUE.

QUESTIONS 8-13 (Passage 1: The Nutmeg Tree)

📝 Question 8:

Traders from 8.... were the first to bring nutmeg to Europe.

🔹 Correct Answer: Arabs
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage states: "Throughout this period, the Arabs were the exclusive importers of the spice to Europe." Being the exclusive importer means they were the first during this period.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "Venice" or "merchants" (the buyers). The origin of the traders is required.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrase "exclusive importers" identifies the Arabs.

📝 Question 9:

In the 17th Century, the spice was thought to cure 9....

🔹 Correct Answer: Plague
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text mentions, "thousands of people across Europe were dying of the plague... and they decided nutmeg held the cure."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "disease" or "doctors." The specific disease believed to be cured is required.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The noun for the disease that nutmeg was believed to cure is the Plague.

📝 Question 10:

The Dutch put 10.... on nutmeg to prevent its cultivation outside their control.

🔹 Correct Answer: Lime
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The Dutch covered the nutmeg "with lime to make sure there was no chance a fertile seed which could be grown elsewhere would leave the islands."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "seed" (the target of the action). The substance used for covering is required.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The substance used to render the seed infertile is Lime.

📝 Question 11:

The Dutch acquired the island of 11.... from the British.

🔹 Correct Answer: Run
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage identifies the island as "One of the Banda Islands, a sliver of land called Run, only 3 Ion long by less than 1 km wide, was under the control of the British." This was the island they gained in the treaty.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "Banda Islands" (the group of islands). The specific island is required.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The proper noun for the specific island acquired is Run.

📝 Question 12:

Nutmeg plants were taken to 12.... in 1770.

🔹 Correct Answer: Mauritius
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states: "Then, in 1770, a Frenchman named Pierre Poivre successfully smuggled nutmeg plants to safety in Mauritius, an island off the coast of Africa."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using the name of the Frenchman (Poivre) or the date.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The destination island where the nutmeg was smuggled is Mauritius.

📝 Question 13:

In 1778, a 13.... destroyed a large area of nutmeg plantations.

🔹 Correct Answer: Tsunami
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The passage describes the natural disaster: "Next, in 1778, a volcanic eruption in the Banda region caused a tsunami that wiped out half the nutmeg groves."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "volcanic eruption" (the cause) or "nutmeg groves" (the damaged area). The specific destructive event is required.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The natural disaster that wiped out the groves is the Tsunami.

QUESTIONS 14-18 (Passage 2: Advantages and Challenges of Driverless Cars)

📝 Question 14:

The time most cars are not being driven.

🔹 Correct Answer: C
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Paragraph C states: "At present, the average car spends more than 90 percent of its life parked." This directly quantifies the time cars are not being driven.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The statistic is clear evidence.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the statistic (90 percent) that refers to time spent parked.

📝 Question 15:

Benefits of automated vehicles for society.

🔹 Correct Answer: B
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: This paragraph lists societal benefits: "more than 90 percent of road collisions involve human error," and mentions freeing up time, relaxing, socializing, and greater autonomy for the older or disabled travellers.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The list of safety and time-saving features confirms the benefits.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the paragraph that details positive outcomes for the community (safety, mobility, time freedom).

📝 Question 16:

The possibility of choosing a suitable vehicle for a specific journey.

🔹 Correct Answer: E
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph E
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The paragraph discusses a new model where drivers "will have the freedom to select one that best suits their needs for a particular journey, rather than making a compromise."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing this with the reduction in ownership (Paragraph D). This is about the *choice* that comes from service access.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The theme is access to a range of vehicles and the ability to "select one that best suits their needs."

📝 Question 17:

An estimated time for dealing with the remaining problems.

🔹 Correct Answer: G
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph G
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text concludes: "these can most probably be conquered within the next 10 years." This is an estimated time frame.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The time frame is explicit.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Look for the numerical forecast: "within the next 10 years."

📝 Question 18:

The possibility that the number of cars produced might not decrease.

🔹 Correct Answer: D
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: This paragraph concludes: "This faster rate of turnover may mean that vehicle production will not necessarily decrease."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Confusing the decrease in ownership (earlier in D) with the non-decrease in production.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The core idea is the counter-intuitive effect on production ("not necessarily decrease").

QUESTIONS 19-22 (Passage 2: Advantages and Challenges of Driverless Cars)

📝 Question 19:

The majority of road accidents involve 19....

🔹 Correct Answer: Human error
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The research cited shows that "more than 90 percent of road collisions involve human error as a contributory factor, and it is the primary cause in the vast majority."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using the percentage or "road collisions" (the event). The cause is required.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The cause of the majority of accidents is identified as Human error.

📝 Question 20:

Automated vehicles will make 20.... schemes easier to manage.

🔹 Correct Answer: Car-sharing
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph C
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Automation means "initiatives for car-sharing become much more viable, particularly in urban areas..."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "initiatives" or "urban areas." The scheme itself is required.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The specific scheme that becomes more viable is Car-sharing.

📝 Question 21:

The quantity of vehicle 21.... could be reduced by almost half.

🔹 Correct Answer: Ownership
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Modelling suggests automated vehicles might reduce vehicle ownership by 43 percent (almost half).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using the percentage (43 percent). The object being reduced is required.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The noun that is reduced by 43 percent is Ownership.

📝 Question 22:

However, the average annual 22.... of each car is expected to double.

🔹 Correct Answer: Mileage
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph D
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The final part of the sentence says: "vehicles’ average annual mileage would double as a result."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "double" (the rate of increase). The measure that doubles is required.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The measure that is expected to double is Mileage.

QUESTIONS 23 & 24 (Passage 2: Advantages and Challenges of Driverless Cars)

📝 Question 23 & 24:

Which TWO of the following are mentioned as potential benefits of automated vehicles in Section B?

🔹 Correct Answers: C (Travellers could spend journeys doing something other than driving) and D (People who find driving physically difficult could travel independently)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph B
🔹 Analysis of the Answer (C): The text mentions the aim "to free the time people spend driving for other purposes."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer (D): It mentions travelers who are "challenged by existing mobility models – such as older or disabled travellers – may be able to enjoy significantly greater travel autonomy" (travel independently).
⚠️ Potential Traps: Option E is too absolute ("all road collisions"). Option A is not an aim, but a cause of collisions.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The two core benefits are the freedom of time and the mobility for the physically challenged.

QUESTIONS 25 & 26 (Passage 2: Advantages and Challenges of Driverless Cars)

📝 Question 25 & 26:

Which TWO of the following are mentioned as challenges presented by automated vehicles in Section F?

🔹 Correct Answers: A (Making sure the general public has confidence in automated vehicles) and E (Getting automated vehicles to adapt to various different driving conditions)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph F
🔹 Analysis of the Answer (A): The challenges include "the societal changes that may be required for communities to trust and accept automated vehicles..."
🔹 Analysis of the Answer (E): They also include "the technical difficulties in ensuring that the vehicle works reliably in the infinite range of traffic, weather and road situations..."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Option D is not mentioned as a challenge (the reduction in ownership is a prediction). Option C discusses the economic shift, not the technical/societal challenges.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The challenges fall into two categories: societal (trust/acceptance) and technical (reliability in all conditions).

QUESTIONS 27-32 (Passage 3: The Explorer’s Mind)

📝 Question 27:

The writer mentions the visitor to New York’s subways in the first paragraph to demonstrate that

🔹 Correct Answer: A. exploration is an intrinsic element of being human.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 1
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The author states the desire to discover "is part of what makes us human" and uses the commonplace example (negotiating subways) to illustrate that this innate quality applies to everyone.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Option D is too narrow; the example is used to illustrate a universal human trait (exploration) rather than just the difficulty of the subways.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The use of a mundane example emphasizes the universality of the drive to explore.

📝 Question 28:

The writer refers to artists, marine biologists and astronomers in the second paragraph to suggest that explorers

🔹 Correct Answer: C. They act on an urge that is common to everyone.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 2
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The examples are listed to support the idea that "we all have this enquiring instinct, even today; and that in all sorts of professions... borders of the unknown are being tested each day." This "enquiring instinct" is common to everyone.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Option B is incorrect; the point is that the *instinct* is common, not necessarily the skills.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The examples show that exploration occurs in many professions, driven by the common enquiring instinct.

📝 Question 29:

The writer mentions Thomas Hardy’s novels in the third paragraph as an example of exploration that

🔹 Correct Answer: C. Hardy’s aim was to investigate people’s emotional states.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Hardy used landscape to "suggest the desires and fears of his characters." The writer concludes: "This is surely an act of exploration, and into a world as remote as the author chooses." Desires and fears are emotional states.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Option B is too narrow; the focus is on the human emotional world being explored, not just the physical setting.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The exploration is into the internal world of human emotion ("desires and fears").

📝 Question 30:

The writer states in the fourth paragraph that

🔹 Correct Answer: D. we are wrong to think that exploration is no longer necessary.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 4
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The writer discusses the "golden age" idea and then says it’s "as if the process of discovery is now on the decline, though the truth is that we have named only one and a half million of this planet’s species..." The remaining vast unknowns show exploration is still necessary.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Option A is the belief the writer wants to challenge. Option B focuses only on species and misses the broader point.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The multiple examples of the unknown (species, ocean floors, brains) prove the continued necessity of exploration.

📝 Question 31:

The writer was interested to note that those he interviewed tended to

🔹 Correct Answer: A. people tend to relate exploration to their own professional interests.
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 6
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The author observed, "Each definition is slightly different – and tends to reflect the field of endeavor of each pioneer." The field of endeavor is their professional interest.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Option C is an additional common factor, but the writer's *main interest* was the bias towards their own field.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The core observation is the bias towards one's own field of endeavor.

📝 Question 32:

In the final paragraph, the writer explains his personal interest in

🔹 Correct Answer: B. the human ability to cast new light on places that may be familiar.
📍 Location in Passage: Final paragraph
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The writer's interest is in "how a fresh interpretation, even of a well-travelled route, can give its readers new insights." A fresh interpretation gives new light to a familiar place/idea.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Option C is part of his experience, but B is his philosophical interest as a writer.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The phrases "fresh interpretation" and "new insights" confirm his interest in new light.

QUESTIONS 33-37 (Passage 3: The Explorer’s Mind)

📝 Question 33:

Stressed the importance of the method of transport used.

🔹 Correct Answer: E (Wilfred Thesiger)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Thesiger told the author, "‘If I’d gone across by camel when I could have gone by car, it would have been a stunt.’" This shows he emphasized the unmechanized method of transport (camel) as crucial to the validity of the exploration.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The quote directly supports the importance of the method of transport.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Thesiger's quote linking car vs. camel to "stunt" is the definitive evidence.

📝 Question 34:

Referred to the shift in the explorer’s perspective on arriving home.

🔹 Correct Answer: A (Peter Fleming)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 3
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Fleming describes the moment the traveler "suddenly encounters his other self, a relatively solid figure, with a place in the minds of certain people." This is the shift in perspective upon returning home.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The quote directly describes the change in self-perception after returning home.
⭐ Key Learning Point: Fleming's quote about encountering his "other self" is the definitive evidence.

📝 Question 35:

Is concerned with the wellbeing of specific groups of people.

🔹 Correct Answer: D (Robin Hanbury-Tenison)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Hanbury-Tenison is introduced as "a campaigner on behalf of remote so-called ‘tribal’ peoples." This confirms his concern for the well-being of specific groups of people.
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. His title is the primary evidence.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The identifier "campaigner" linked to a specific group confirms the answer.

📝 Question 36:

Does not see self-discovery as a necessary aim of exploration.

🔹 Correct Answer: E (Wilfred Thesiger)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The text states: "To him [Thesiger], exploration meant bringing back information from a remote place regardless of any great self-discovery."
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The phrase "regardless of any great self-discovery" is a direct denial of its necessity.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The definitive statement "regardless of any great self-discovery" is the evidence.

📝 Question 37:

Classified exploration as both unique and beneficial to others.

🔹 Correct Answer: B (Ran Fiennes)
📍 Location in Passage: Paragraph 5
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: Fiennes defined an explorer as someone who has "done something that no human has done before" (unique) – and also done something scientifically useful" (beneficial).
⚠️ Potential Traps: None. The two criteria meet the requirements of the question.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The two criteria "no human has done before" and "scientifically useful" confirm the answer.

QUESTIONS 38-40 (Passage 3: The Explorer’s Mind)

📝 Question 38:

The writer has participated in many 38....

🔹 Correct Answer: Expeditions
📍 Location in Passage: Final paragraph
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The author states: "I’ve done a great many expeditions and each one was unique."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "many" or "unique" (adjectives). The activity is required.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The noun for the activity the author participated in is Expeditions.

📝 Question 39:

He has lived with groups of 39.... people all over the world.

🔹 Correct Answer: Isolated
📍 Location in Passage: Final paragraph
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The author has "lived for months alone with isolated groups of people all around the world, even two ‘uncontacted tribes’."
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "uncontacted" (too specific) or "tribes" (too narrow). The general adjective describing the groups is required.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The general characteristic of the groups he lived with is Isolated.

📝 Question 40:

The 40.... of the planet does not need any further exploration.

🔹 Correct Answer: (Land) surface
📍 Location in Passage: Final paragraph
🔹 Analysis of the Answer: The author states: "We know how the land surface of our planet lies; exploration of it is now down to the details..." The implication is that the broad surface does not need further exploration.
⚠️ Potential Traps: Using "details" (the remaining exploration focus) or "planet" (too general). The specific area that is known is required.
⭐ Key Learning Point: The area that is already largely mapped is the Land surface.